Tìm hiểu về tình hình ruộng đất và các hình thức bóc lột của địa chủ ở đồng bằng Bắc Bộ từ đầu thế kỷ XX đến trước cải cách ruộng đất

TIM HIEU VE TINH HINH RUONG DAT VA CAC HINH THUTC<br /> Bdc LOT CUA D!A CHU 0 DONG B A N G BAC BO TlJf DAU<br /> THE KY XX DEN TRUftC CAI CACH RUONG DAT<br /> <br /> PHAM HONG TUNG*<br /> NGUVfeN THI NGOC MAI"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> rugng da't dd kinh doanh theo cac hinh<br /> T rong thdi ky can - hien dai, giai ca'p<br /> dia chu la mgt thanh phan quan<br /> trgng trong ket cau xa hgi - chinh tri Viet<br /> thflc phat canh thu to. Do vay, dia to va cac<br /> hinh thflc bdc lot khac cd lien quan tdi<br /> Nam. Cho den nay da cd nhieu cong trinh quyen sd hflu va chiem hflu rugng da't cua<br /> nghien cflu ve giai ca'p nay, tiep can doi dia chu trd thanh ngudn go'c chu yeu cua sfl<br /> tfldng nghien cflu tfl nhflng gdc do khac giau cd cua dia chu, Dfldng nhien, day chi<br /> nhau. Trong bai viet nay chung tdi chii yeu la mgt dinh nghla cd tinh cdng cu trong<br /> de cap den giai ca'p dia chu d mgt khu viic pham vi nghien cflu ciia bai viet nay ma<br /> cu the la ddng bing Bic Bg Viet Nam theo thoi.<br /> hfldng tiep can kinh te hgc - lich sii n h i m 6 Viet Nam, do dae thu lich sii tfl hang<br /> gdp phan nhan dien ro hdn ban cha't va nghin nam nay ma nhieu khi hai khai<br /> dien mao kinh te mang dae trflng vung niem sd hOu rugng da't va chiem hiiu rugng<br /> mien cu the cua dia chii Viet Nam. dat dfldc hieu theo nhflng each ra't tfldng<br /> do'i, khong ro rang; ranh gidi gifla hai khai<br /> I, VE TINH HINH s 6 HUtT VA CHIEM<br /> niem nay ra't mong manh, tham chi bi danh<br /> HUtr RUONG DAT<br /> trao, Hien tfldng "bien cong thdnh ti/' - la<br /> Cho den nay da co nhieu quan diem mgt con dfldng tich tu rugng da't dien hinh<br /> khac nhau ve dia chu vdi tinh each la mgt cua dia chii d Bic Ky, dien ra pho bien. Dia<br /> giai ca'p, nhflng trong boi canh Viet Nam chu d Bic Ky va Trung Ky chu yeu la dia<br /> thdi can dai, cd the dinh nghia ve giai ca'p chii "truyen thong", hg ldi dung vi the cua<br /> dia chii nhfl sau: Dia chu la giai ca'p bao minh de bad chiem rugng da't vd'n dfldc coi<br /> gdm nhflng chu sd hflu va chiem hflu mgt la thugc quyen sd hflu to'i cao cua nha vua<br /> dien tich rugng da't nong nghiep ldn den hoac cua nha nfldc. Vi v^y, p h i n ldn tai san<br /> mflc vfldt qua kha nang tfl canh tac cua gia rugng da't cua hg chi la tai san chiem hflu<br /> dinh hg, huge hg phai dem phan ldn sd tren danh nghia, nhflng lai la tai san sd<br /> <br /> <br /> • PCS, TS, Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Noi<br /> •• Th,S. Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi<br /> Tim hieu ve Hnh hinh rudng dat. 13<br /> <br /> <br /> hflu t r e n thflc te. Ben canh dd, cd mgt bd khien cho sflc ep ve da't dai canh tac cho<br /> p h a n tai s a n cua hg dfldc coi la "rugng dat san xua't ndng nghiep cang gia t a n g va dan<br /> tii', tflc la thugc quyen chiem hflu va sd d a n cung vdi qua t r i n h dinh cfl, r u g n g da't<br /> hflu chinh thflc ciia dia chu. Tren thflc te bi xe nhd, m a n h m u n . Hien tfldng nay gdp<br /> thi toan bg tai s a n r u g n g da't cua hg la tai p h a n quy dinh dae diem ve quy md sd hflu<br /> san sd hflu, r u g n g da't cua dia chu d ddng b i n g Bac Bg:<br /> chu yeu la dia chu vfla va nhd.<br /> Thdi Le Sd, mgt t a n g Idp dia chii da<br /> h i n h t h a n h , chu yeu tfl cdn dfldng cha'p Qua t r i n h t a p t r u n g , tich t u r u g n g da't d<br /> chiem r u g n g cong t h a n h r u g n g tfl, Trong B I C Ky ndi c h u n g dien r a k h a m a n h me<br /> qua t r i n h md rong dia b a n ve phia Nam, song k h o n g lien tuc. Da cd nhflng thdi ky,<br /> cung vdi chinh sach r u g n g da't ciia n h a sfl t a p t r u n g r u g n g da't d a t den mgt td'c do<br /> nfldc, mgt Idp dia chii mdi h i n h t h a n h , k h a n h a n h . Thfldng thfldng dd la vao<br /> mang mgt sd dae diem k h a c vdi "dia chu nhflng n a m ma't m u a , ddi kem, chien t r a n h<br /> truyen tho'ng": quy mo r u g n g da't ldn hdn, h a y k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te. Qua b a n g so' lieu<br /> con dfldng tich tu r u g n g da't chu yeu la tfl va sfl p h a n tich dfldi day ve qua t r i n h t a p<br /> khai hoang, k h o n g p h a i la cha'p chiem t r u n g r u g n g da't d N a m Dinh, c h u n g t a co<br /> rugng cdng. Nhfl vay, trong thdi ky tien t h e n h a n dien rd h d n ve t i n h cha't khdng<br /> thugc dia, d Viet N a m da xua't hien h a i loai lien tuc cua sfl t a p t r u n g r u g n g da't (xem<br /> dia chu khac n h a u ve dae diem, ngudn gdc bang 1).<br /> lich sii... v a o thdi N g u y i n , d N a m Ky da<br /> So' chu sd hflu 5 m a u trd len vao n a m<br /> xuat hien nhieu dai dia chu. Khi thflc dan<br /> 1933 va 1938 d N a m D i n h deu giam (ca ve<br /> P h a p xam Ifldc va thflc hien chinh sach cai<br /> so' tuyet dd'i va tfldng do'i) so vdi n a m 1930.<br /> tri cua minh, dae trflng rieng ciia giai ca'p<br /> Tuy nhien, so vdi n a m 1933 thi n a m 1938<br /> dia chii d ba Ky cang bien ddi va sfl khac<br /> ca hai chi so' t r e n deu cao hdn. Thee Cad<br /> biet vung mien cang trd n e n sau s i c them,<br /> V a n Bien, sd vdi n a m 1938, sd'chii sd hflu d<br /> Thflc dan P h a p td ra k h a khon ngoan va N a m Dinh vao n a m 1941 t a n g len 10.700<br /> kinh nghiem khi da chu y can cfl vao ngfldi (chii yeu thugc ve loai chii sd hflu<br /> nhflng dieu kien k i n h te, xa hgi, van hoa, dfldi 3 mau) cdn cac chii sd hflu t r e n 10<br /> dia ly, lich sii... k h a c n h a u d ba xfl ma ap m i u lai giam xudng. Cd t h e bieu dien qua<br /> dung d moi xfl nhflng chinh sach k h a c t r i n h t a p t r u n g r u g n g da't cua cac chu sd<br /> nhau, sao cho cong cuoc cai tri dfldc a n hflu d N a m D i n h t r o n g 4 thdi diem: 1930,<br /> toan, ben vflng va t h u dfldc hieu qua cao 1933, 1938, 1941 b i n g dfldng Ifldn sdng ma<br /> nha't. Sfl k h a c biet ldn ve mflc dg t a p t r u n g day ciia nd la n a m 1933 va 1941 (1). Nhfl<br /> rugng d a t d N a m Ky so vdi B i c Ky va vay, cd the tha'y r i n g qud trinh tap trung<br /> T r u n g Ky la mgt trong nhflng tien de rugng dat ciia giai cdp dia chu khong phdi<br /> khdng the bd qua khi n h a n dien giai ca'p Id mgt dudng thdng di len lien tuc.<br /> dia chii ve phfldng dien k i n h te.<br /> Vdi chii trfldng p h a t t r i e n he tho'ng ddn<br /> Tfl xfla, ddng b i n g B i c Bg luon la ndi cd dien d Bac Ky ciia P h a p , n h i e u dia chii d<br /> m a t do dan cfl cad nha't Viet Nam, dae biet ddng b a n g B i c Bg den cac t i n h vflng cao<br /> la v u n g h a c h a u thd va ven song Hdng, xin da't, lap ddn dien de k h a i thac, Chu<br /> Ngudn tai n g u y e n da't dai khong p h a t trien trfldng nay cung da dfla den nhflng t h a y<br /> kip vdi td'c do gia tSng dan s d h l n g n a m da doi mdi trong dien mao ve giai ca'p dia chii<br /> 14 Rghien ciru Lich siir. sd 10.2010<br /> <br /> B a n g 1: T i n h h i n h sd( hihi hiiu r u o n g d a t 6 N a m D i n h vao cac n a m 1930,1933 va 1938<br /> <br /> Q u y m o sd h i i u N a m 1930 N a m 1933 N a m 1938<br /> S o liirfng Ty le % So luftfng T>' le % S o liidng Ty le "Tc<br /> Du6i 1 mau 81.716 74,46 99.018 79,32 123,764 78,89<br /> 1-5 mau 21,029 19,16 21,043 16,86 27.083 17,27<br /> 5-10 mau 5.099 4,64 3,142 2,51 4,189 2,67<br /> Tren 10 mau 1,909 1,74 1.639 1,31 1.806 1,14<br /> Tong cong 109.753 100 124,842 100 156,842 100<br /> <br /> {Nguon: - H6 sa s6 075357-7, PhOng Phu ThO'ng siJ Bdc By, Trung tam Luu tru quS'c gia 1, tr, 62;<br /> - Cao Van Bien. Cdc logi chu sa lu'cu tu nhdn ve rupng ddt a Nam Dinh thdi ky 1930-1945, Tap chf<br /> Nghien ci'cu Lich sic, s6' 5-1994, tr. 16).<br /> <br /> <br /> d ddng b a n g Bac Bg thdi thugc dia. Trong k h o a n g t r e n 50% r u g n g da't, Sfl bien<br /> bg p h a n cac dien chu ngfldi b a n xfl, tieu va chuyen dd la do b a n g u y e n n h a n chii yeu:<br /> t r u n g dien chii chiem dai da so' nhflng so do each m a n g tich t h u r u g n g da't ciia mgt so'<br /> vdi b i n h q u a n r u g n g da't cua ndng dan thi dia chii, Viet gian p h a n dgng va chia lai<br /> nd lai la con so'khong Id. cdng dien, do dia chu p h a n t a n rugng da't<br /> de dd'i phd vdi cac chinh sach dan chu cua<br /> Chinh sach p h a t trien che do dai sd hflu<br /> each m a n g nhfl giam td, t h u e nong nghiep,<br /> ldn la n h a m tao r a mgt cd sd xa hgi trong<br /> cai each r u g n g dat, va cung mgt p h a n do<br /> nfldc rong hdn va chac c h i n hdn chd chinh<br /> hoan canh chien t r a n h (tan cfl bd hoang,<br /> quyen thflc dan. Song chinh quyen thflc<br /> v a n h dai). Den trfldc cai each rugng da't,<br /> dan da khong de dang dat dfldc muc dich<br /> dia chu v a n cdn chiem k h o a n g 13% tong so'<br /> cua minh. Mgt trd ngai q u a n trgng van la<br /> r u g n g da't cua cac dia phfldng) (3).<br /> sflc k h a n g cfl ciia ndng dan. N h a nghien<br /> cflu P, Gourou cung n h a n dinh: hai trong Sau n a m 1949 va nha't la s a u 1951 thi d<br /> sd ba n h a n to' ddi lap vdi viec xay dflng nhflng vflng tfl do, dia chu p h a n t a n rugng<br /> nhflng sd hflu ldn da ma't di, chi cdn lai mgt da't ra't m a n h do cac chinh sach giam td va<br /> n h a n to' nfla, do la sfl cho'ng dd'i ciia nong t h u e nong nghiep, O v u n g t a m chiem thi<br /> dan va cua cong ddng nhflng ngfldi dan que b i t dau p h a n t a n tfldng ddi m a n h la tfl<br /> (hai n h a n td' kia la t r i n h do kinh te lac h a u n a m 1952 - 1953 do a n h hfldng p h a t dgng<br /> va thai do k h e k h i t cua chinh quyen phong q u a n c h u n g va chien t r a n h q u a n sfl (4),<br /> kien). Day Id ly do gidi thich tgi sao sU tap Vung tfl do, dia chii p h a n t a n rugng da't<br /> trung rugng ddt d dong bdng Bdc Bg chUa n h i e u hdn, sdm h d n va tfl sau 1949 chi cd<br /> den miic do that cao nhU d nhieu ncH, khdc. p h a n t a n chfl k h o n g t a p t r u n g t h e m rugng<br /> Vao cuo'i thdi thugc dia, d B i c Ky cd tdi da't, V u n g t a m chiem p h a n t a n it hdn,<br /> 99% so' chii sd hflu vfla va nhd, vdi mflc sd cham hdn va cd ndi dia chii ldn p h a n t a n<br /> hflu tfl 1-5 h a (2), Trong thdi ky k h a n g m a n h , mgt m a t dia chu cd p h a n tan, mgt<br /> chien cho'ng P h a p , quy md sd hflu rugng m a t mgt so' dia chii t a p t r u n g t h e m rugng<br /> da't ciia giai cap dia chii d ddng b i n g B i c da't. Vung can cfl du kich, cd ndi da t a m<br /> Bg cd nhieu t h a y ddi theo hfldng ngay mgt giao, t a m ca'p mgt p h a n ldn rugng da't ciia<br /> giam. Den trfldc cai each rugng da't, n h i n dia chii Viet gian va v i n g chu cho nong<br /> chung dia chu da chuyen dich va p h a n t a n dan.<br /> Tim hieu ve hnh hinh rudng dai... 15<br /> <br /> Bang 2: Tinh hinh sdr hutu ruong da't d Hai Dfldng, Ninh Binh, Thai Binh<br /> vao nam 1930 (theo Y. Henry)<br /> <br /> Quy m o sd hiSu (ngiicfi)<br /> Tmh<br /> 0-1 m a u 1-5 m a u 5-10 m a u 10-50 m a u 50-100 T r e n 100 Tong cong<br /> mau mau<br /> Hai Dildng 75.706 41,840 8.558 3,449 89 23 129,665<br /> <br /> Ninh Binh 41.114 13.241 3.192 1.217 59 12 58.833<br /> <br /> Thai Binh 61,546 20.215 3.744 1.589 69 41 87.204<br /> <br /> <br /> {Ngudn: H6 sa sO' 136, Ph6ng Uy ban cai cdch ruOng dait Trung uong (1954-1958), Ciic Luu trii van phdng Trung<br /> uong Dang, tr, 37).<br /> <br /> <br /> Tfl sau Cach mang thang Tam, nhin hflu tfl 100 m l u trd xud'ng so vdi Ninh Binh<br /> chung dia chu da giam nhieu ve so' Ifldng va Thai Binh. Song vdi chu sd hflu tren 100<br /> (khoang 20% den 25%). Nhieu dia chu m l u thi Thai Binh lai vfldt trgi len, Nhflng<br /> tham gia lao dgng, khdng bdc lot hoac chi tren phfldng dien dien tich rugng da't trung<br /> bdc lot ra't it. Nhflng vflng tfl do, dia chii chi binh ciia mgt dien chu thi vdi loai sd hflu<br /> tang vao giai doan trfldc nam 1949, Sau tren 100 mau, Bic Ninh lai dflng dau vdi<br /> nam 1949 thi khong cdn tang nfla, Sau siia tren 410 mau (6). Hai Dfldng vfla la tinh<br /> sai, thanh phan dia chu d cac dia phfldng chiem flu the ve so' Ifldng vfla ve dien tich<br /> deu cd sfl thay ddi (5), rugng da't trung binh cua mgt chii sd hflu<br /> rugng da't loai nhd. Song vdi dien tich<br /> Nhfl vay theo true thdi gian, qua trinh rugng da't trung binh cua mgt chii sd hflu<br /> tap trung rugng da't, quy md sd hflu... ciia rugng da't tfl 10 den tren 100 mau thi phai<br /> giai ca'p dia chu d ddng b i n g Bic Bg diln ke den cac tinh Hflng Yen, Thai Binh, Nam<br /> tien kha phflc tap, khong phai la mgt Dinh, dae biet la Bic Ninh - vfldt h i n so vdi<br /> dfldng t h i n g theo chieu hfldng tien len lien cac dia phfldng khac ve dien tich rugng da't<br /> tuc. Khong chi la tren binh dien cua toan trung binh cua chu sd hflu tren 100 mau.<br /> ddng bing Bic Bg ma ngay trong chinh Mgt dia phfldng vdi dien tich lanh thd nhd<br /> tflng dia phfldng, tflng huyen, tflng tinh be nhflng quy md sd hflu rugng da't cua cac<br /> cung dien ra theo xu hfldng chung nay. dai dien chu lai gan ga'p 2 lan so vdi nhflng<br /> Mgt dae diem dang chu y nfla ciia tinh dia phfldng cd dia gidi hanh chinh rdng ldn.<br /> hinh sd hflu rugng da't ciia dia chu d ddng<br /> De cd cai nhin khai quat hdn khi so<br /> bing Bic Bg la cd sfl khac nhau gifla cac<br /> sanh tinh hinh sd hflu rugng da't gifla cac<br /> tinh, cac dia phfldng. Dae diem nay dfldc<br /> tinh vdi nhau, chung toi da tdng hdp cac tai<br /> the hien qua cac so' lieu tho'ng ke sau day<br /> lieu lflu trfl ve tinh hinh sd hflu rugng da't.<br /> ve so' Ifldng chu sd hflu, dien tich rugng da't<br /> Ket qua cho tha'y: so vdi Nam Dinh, Hflng<br /> binh quan ciia mgt chu sd hflu (xem bang<br /> Yen thi Hai Dfldng la dia phfldng cd tdng sd<br /> 2).<br /> chu sd hflu dong nha't. Song chiem flu the<br /> Bang 2 cho tha'y: Hai Dfldng la dia ve so' chu sd hflu tren 100 m l u lai thugc ve<br /> phfldng chiem flu the ve so' Ifldng chu sd Nam Dinh (30 ngfldi). Ngfldc lai neu la'y ty<br /> 16 Rghien eijru L|ch sit, sd 10.2010<br /> <br /> le tfldng do'i (%) thi cao nha't lai la Hflng sd dinh (nam gidi tfl 18 den 60 tudi). Tai 4<br /> Yen (0,2%). Vdi chu sd hflu tfl 50-100 mlu, huyen d Bic Ninh, ty le nay la 34%, Theo<br /> ket qua cung tfldng tfl. Hflng Yen la dia Nguyin Kien Giang thi sd dinh d Bic Ky<br /> phfldng chiem flu the ve se' chu sd hflu tfl vad nam 1930 la 1.933.000, sd ngfldi cd<br /> 10-50 m l u so vdi Nam Dinh va Hai Dfldng. rugng la 964,490 thi so' ngfldi khdng cd<br /> Nhflng vdi loai chu sd hflu tfl 5-10 mau thi rugng la 968,000 chiem 50,1%, He sd Gini<br /> Hai Dfldng cd so' Ifldng ga'p hdn 2 lan sd vdi (he so' cho biet mflc do cdng bing trong<br /> Nam Dinh va ga'p hdn 3 lan so vdi Hflng nhflng ngfldi cd rugng) cho tha'y trong hdn<br /> Yen (7). Nhfl vay, vdi cac loai chu sd hflu mgt the ky he so' nay tang len tfl 0,4 den<br /> khac nhau thi vi tri chiem flu the cung 0,5 len g i n 0,6; nghia la sd hflu rugng dat<br /> khac giau gifla cac dia phfldng (tuy thdi phan hoa manh hdn (10),<br /> gian so sanh gan nhfl tfldng dfldng nhau).<br /> Sd vdi dau the ky XIX, so' chii sd hflu va<br /> Tuy tdng so' chii sd hflu rugng da't d Ha quy md sd hflu deu tang len rd ret. Dang<br /> Ddng dfldc coi la nhieu nha't nhi d ddng chu y la d tinh Thai Binh va Ha Ddng. Neu<br /> bing song Hdng nhflng dia phfldng chiem dau the ky XIX, chfla xua't hien loai chii sd<br /> flu the've so'Ifldng dai sd hflu lai la tinh ma hflu tren 100 m l u thi nam 1930, da cd 41<br /> so' Ifldng chii sd hflu khdng dang ke - Hflng ngfldi d Thai Binh va 3 ngfldi d Ha Ddng,<br /> Yen (8). Cflng mgt thdi diem, trong cflng chii sd hflu tfl 50 den 100 mau cung tang<br /> mgt tinh nhflng tinh hinh sd hflu rugng da't them 45 ngfldi d Thai Binh va 11 ngfldi d<br /> ciia cac dia chii d cac dia phfldng cung cd sfl Ha Ddng. Nam 1930, so' chu rugng sd hflu<br /> phan hoa ro ret, Theo cac tai lieu lflu trfl, d tfl 5 den 50 mau d cac tinh deu tap trung<br /> Ninh Binh, Gia Vien la huyen chiem flu the nhieu nha't. Tuy r i n g d mdi tinh, ty le nay<br /> ve ty le tfldng do'i ve chii sd hflu tfl 3 mau cd sfl khac nhau. Trong dd, cao nha't phai<br /> trd len (vdi loai chu sd hflu tren 10 mau, ke den Hai Dfldng, tiep den la Nam Dinh,<br /> huyen nay cung co ty le vfldt trgi hdn han Ha Dong va tha'p nhat la Sdn Tay (11),<br /> so vdi 4 huyen cdn lai). Va ngfldc lai, Gia<br /> Nhfl vay, xet tren phfldng dien quy md<br /> Khanh (ke dd la Yen Khanh) la huyen c6 ty<br /> sd hflu rugng da't, dia chii Viet Nam d ddng<br /> le tfldng do'i ve loai chii sd hflu loai nay<br /> bing BIC Bg chii yeu la dia chii vfla va nhd,<br /> tha'p nha't (9).<br /> Tuy chiem ty le nhd trong dan cfl cung nhfl<br /> Neu so sanh tai lieu ve tinh hinh sd hflu trong so' nhflng chu sd hflu ndi chung va<br /> rugng da't gifla cac tinh d ddng bing Bac Bg quy md sd hflu rugng da't khdng ldn, song<br /> vdi nhau thi cung cd the tha'y sfl phan hoa dia chu van chiem dai da so' rugng da't (dfl<br /> ve quy mo sd hflu rugng da't thay ddi trong sfl phan loai rugng da't d ba Ky theo tieu<br /> lich sfl. Neu dau the ky XIX sd hflu binh chuan khac nhau) va mflc do chenh lech<br /> quan ciia mgt chu da't d Ha Ddng va Thai rugng da't gifla dia chii va ndng dan la ra't<br /> Binh la 1,9 ha va 7,3 ha thi den nam 1931 cao, Chinh mflc sd hflu qua nhd nay da lam<br /> (luc do dan so' tang len khoang 4 lan), sd cho nen kinh te hang hoa khong cd dieu<br /> hflu binh quan cua mgt chu da't d Ha Dong kien md mang, phat trien. Yeu to' "tU bdn<br /> va Thai Binh chi cdn 0,7 ha va 1,3 ha. Theo hod" cua dia chu Viet Nam d ddng bing<br /> P. Gourou, so' lieu dieu tra d 4 huyen phia BIC Bg da xua't hien song khdng manh me<br /> Nam ciia tinh Hai Dfldng nam 1936 chd nhfl d Nam Ky, Qua trinh tap trung rugng<br /> tha'y so' ngfldi khdng cd da't chiem 51% ciia da't cua dia chu phd bien la thong qua viec<br /> Tun hieu ve Hnh hinh rudng dai... 17<br /> <br /> <br /> "gdm ddn gdm mon" nhflng manh rugng quanh thanh pho) thi dia td tien tfldng dd'i<br /> nhd be ciia nong dan va cha'p chiem rugng thinh hanh.<br /> cong lang xa. Qua trinh nay diln ra kha<br /> * Dia to hoa l* trong thcfi can dai. Nhiing<br /> (5), Ho sd so 14183, Phong liy ban cai each<br /> dSc diem quan trong nhat cua "dia chu truyen<br /> ruong da't Trung Udng (1954 - 1958), Cue Luu trii<br /> tho'ng" la quy rao sd hiiu / chiem hiiu ruong da't<br /> vin phong Trung Udng Dang, tr. 70.<br /> tUdng doi nho; song trong l^ng cCing vcli nong dan, co<br /> tiidng tac xa hoi true tiep va thildng xuyen v6i nong (6). Ho sa sd452, Phong liy ban cai each ruong<br /> dan; hinh thiic boc lot chu yeu \h dia to, nhiing hinh da't Trung Udng (1954 - 1958), Cue Luu trii vin<br /> thiic khac nhu cho vay ning lai, boc lot lao dong cung phong Trung Udng Dang, tr. 19.<br /> dong vai tro quan trong. Nhiing dieu tren day se dUdc (7). Ho so sd 136, Phong liy ban cai each ruong<br /> trinh b^y ky hdn 3 phin sau ciia bai viet nay, da't Trung Udng (1954 - 1958), Cue Luu trii van<br /> (2). Cao Van Bien, Cdc loai chu sd hihi tii nhdn phong Trung Udng Dang, tr. 59.<br /> ve ruong da't a Nam Dinh thcfi ky 1930-1945. Tap chf (8), Ho sd so 075357-7, Phong Phu Thong sii<br /> Nghien cihi Lich sd, so'5 (244)-1994, tr, 19, Bic B^, Trung tam LUu trQ quoc gia I, tr. 27, 45;<br /> (3). Tran PhUdng (Chu bien). Cdch mang ruong Cao van Bien, Cdc loai chu sd hitu tu nh&n vi<br /> d&'t a Viet Nam. Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi, ruong ddt dNam Binh thin ky 1930 - 1945, Tap chi<br /> 1968, tr. 148. Nghien ciiu Lich sii, so 5-1994, tr. 16.<br /> Tim hieu ve Hnh hinh rudng dat... 23<br /> <br /> <br /> (9). Ho sd so 075357-7, Phong Phu Thong sii thdng Tdm. Nxb. Su that. Ha Noi, 1959, tr. 124.<br /> Bic Ky, Trung tam Luu trii quoc gia I, tr, 62,<br /> (17), Qua Ninh va Van Dinh. Vd'n di ddn cdy.<br /> (10), Ho sd so 075357-7, Phong Phii Thong sii Nxb, Sii that. Ha Noi, 1959, tr, 46,<br /> Bic Ky, Trung tam Luu trii quoc gia I, tr, 62,<br /> (18), (19), (22), Nguyin Kien Giang, Phdc qua<br /> (11), (12), Philippe Papin - Oliver Tessier (chu tinh hinh rugng ddt vd difi sd'ng ndng ddn triidc<br /> bien), Ldng a viing chdu thd song Hong: vd'n di cbn cdch mgng thdng Tdm. Nxb, Su that. Ha Noi,<br /> bo ngo. Nxb. Lao dong - Xa hoi. Ha Noi, 2002, tr. 1959, tr, 39, 39, 127,<br /> 190- 191.<br /> (20). Vii Dinh Hoe. Vd'n di di vay ddi vdi ddn<br /> (13) Trin PhUdng (chu bien), Cdch mang que. Nam phong tgp chi, nSm 1941,- so 209, tr.<br /> rugng da't d Viet Nam. Nxb, Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha 105.<br /> Noi, 1957, tr, 38.<br /> (21). Nguyen Cong Hoan. Ndng ddn vdi dia chu<br /> (14). Nguyen Kien Giang. Phdc qua tinh hinh (tap truyen ngdn). Nxb. Van ngh^. Ha Noi, 1955,<br /> ruong ddt vd ddi sdng ndng ddn triidc cdch mang tr. 19.<br /> thdng Tdm. Nxb. Su that. Ha Noi, 1959, tr. 118,<br /> (23). Pham Quang Trung. Vdn di mdc na ddt<br /> (15). Trin Thi Chinh. Bdng bg Thdi Binh lanh dai d Nam Ky thdi Phdp thugc. Tap ehi Nghien ciiu<br /> dao cdi cdch rugng ddt d dia phuang. Luan van Lich sii, so 1 (266)-1993, tr. 43.<br /> ThS. khoa hoc Lich sii. Ha Noi, 2006, tr. 86.<br /> (24). Ho sd so 135, Phong uy ban cai each rugng<br /> (16). Nguyen Kien Giang. Phdc qua tinh hinh da't Trung Udng (1954 - 1958), Cue LUu trii vSn<br /> rudng ddt vd ddi sdng ndng ddn triidc cdch mgng phong Trung Udng Dang, tr. 27.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHINH PHU NlfdC VIET NAM DAN CHII CONG HOA V6l SU* NGHIEP.<br /> <br /> (Tiep theo trang 11)<br /> <br /> mgt n h i e m vu ci'p b a c h c i n b i t t a y giai trfldng, giai p h i p m a C h i n h p h u b a n h a n h<br /> quyet s a u each m a n g t h i n g T i m t h i n h t r o n g giai d o a n n a y da d i t cd sd vflng c h i c<br /> cong. Dd thflc sfl la mgt chu trfldng d u n g de sfl n g h i e p v i n hda, g i i o due tiep tuc cd<br /> d i n , t h e h i e n t a m n h i n chien Ifldc ciia nhflng bfldc p h a t t r i e n t r o n g giai doan k e<br /> Dang, N h a nfldc, dflng d a u la Chii tich Hd tiep.<br /> Chi M i n h . T r e n thflc te, nhflng chu (Con niia)<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1). Ta't ca sic l^nh, nghi dinh, thong tu din (3). Din theo Tap chf Tri Tdn, so 205, ngay 20-<br /> trong bai dUdc trich td: Viet Nam qude ddn cdng 9-1945.<br /> bdo (tii ndm 1945 den 1951) vk Cdng bdo niidc Viet<br /> (4). Din theo Tap chi Tri Tdn, so 205, ngay 20-<br /> Nam Ddn chii Cdng hba (1952-1954).<br /> 9-1945.<br /> (2). Ho Chi Minh: Todn tdp, t&p 4, Nxb, Chinh (5). Tap chf Tri Tdn, so 205, ngky 20-9-1945.<br /> tri quo'c gia, Ha Ngi, 2000, tr. 32, 33, (6). Cihi qude, so 61, ngay 8-10-1945.<br />