Vài nét về cuộc tản cư, di cư nhân dân ở Bắc Bộ trong những năm đầu toàn quốc kháng chiến chống thực dân Pháp xâm lược (1946-1947)

VAl NET v i CUOC T A N CU; D I Cl/NHAN DAN 6 B A C BQ<br /> TRONG NHONC NAM DAU T O A N O U O C KHANG CHIEN<br /> CHONG THUC D A N PHAP X A M LUOC (1946-1947)<br /> <br /> <br /> N G 6 H O A N G NAM'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> toi tfin, thQc dan Phfip hy vpng se nhanh<br /> T rUdc vfi sau thdi dilm bOng n^ cu$c<br /> khfing chil'n tofin qufl'c (19-12-1946)<br /> da di§n ra m^t sQ kifln quan trpng, cfl anh<br /> chdng tiflu didt chfnh q u y i n cfich mang, "ud<br /> hiiu hda titc thi Chinh phu HS Chi Minh"<br /> hudng ldn d i n vifle bao tofin iQc lupng d l (1).<br /> k h i n g chil'n chd'ng thQc dfin Phfip, dfl lfi Ngay sau khi dfit chfin r a Bfic B^, qufin<br /> cu$c t a n cQ, di cU nhan dfin d cac tinh Bfic dpi Phfip Ifip tQc gfiy r a nhQng cuflc xung<br /> v! tuyin 16 ra khdi vQng chil^n sQ hofic cie dflt vu trang, gfiy rfii vfi cd nhiing hfinh<br /> vQng chil'n sQ sd lan tdi. dpng khiSu khfch gfiy chi^n. Ngfiy 20-11-<br /> Tim h i i u v l cuflc t a n cQ, di cU nhfin dfin 1946, d i ^ vfio cd bfit giQ nhQng tfiu hudn<br /> d Bfic Bfi trong nfim d i u tofin qud'c khfing Trung Qufic, qufiji d^i Phfip bfin vfio qufin<br /> chiin chfi'ng thQe dfin Phfip xfim iQpe, cfi ddi Vi§t Nam d Hai Phdng, chilm cfic vi tri<br /> t h i tilp cfin vfi nghien cQu d nhilu gde dO, trpng yl'u trong thfinh phff, na phfio vfio<br /> khfa canh khfic nhau. Bai viet nfiy chi tfip nhilu khu dfin cQ. Til'p dfl, ngfiy 25-11-<br /> 1946, qufin Phfip nS sung bfin vfio qufin dpi<br /> trung lfim rd qufi trinh t a n cU nhan dan vfi<br /> Vi$t Nam tai Thj xa Lang Sdn. Trong luc<br /> vi^c hinh thfinh, hoat dpng eua cae trai di<br /> cuflc chil'n dfi'u d Hai Phdng vfi Lang Sdn<br /> cQ san xufift d nhQng ndi cd dien ra hai ho^t<br /> dang diSn r a thi chfnh giQa Thii dfl Hfi Nfli,<br /> d0ng nfiy.<br /> qufin d0i Phfip da lidn ti^p gfiy r a nhilu vu<br /> 1. Boi c a n h Uch suF v a c h u trifcfng khidu khfch ldn. Ngfiy 1-12-1946, chung<br /> c u a D a n g v l t i n cif, d i cuT nhfin dfin ngfin can cfic ddn vj bfl dfli cua ta dang lfim<br /> Diu nfim 1946, sau khi binh dinh Nam nhi^m vy, ndm iQu dan giQa dudng phi,<br /> Bfi, Tfiy Nguyen vfi p h i n Nam Trung BO, cho xe phdng bfit m^ng trfln cfic nga dUdng,<br /> thuc dfin Phfip dfi tien hfinh kdo qufin ra b i n vfio cfic cd quan cflng cpng vfi cfic tru sd<br /> Trung Bd vfi Bftc Bp, hdng d^t l^i fich thfing Vi$t Minh dang k i i m sofit, dfio h i m ho' d<br /> trj trfln tofin b0 dfi't nUdc Vi^t Nam. Bing c i u Long Bien, c i t dfiy thdp gai d Tda Thi<br /> kl^ hoaeh "ddnh nhanh thdng nhanh" vdi chfnh vfi gfiy hfi'n d cfic pho' khfic. Ngfiy 17-<br /> lUc lUdng dflng, quan dpi nhfi nghe, vu khf 12-1946, qufin dfli Phfip gfiy r a vu d l m i u d<br /> <br /> <br /> Vi§n Sik hoc<br /> Voi n6t ve cuflc t i n cir. di cu... 53<br /> <br /> pbfT Hfing BQn vfi tfin s i t rfi't nhilu ding nhfin dfin ca nUdc, thUe hidn chu trUdng<br /> bfio, trong dd ed ca eac em thiiu nhi. "md tdng tin cdng" (2) vfio cfic vj trf qufin<br /> Sfing ngfiy 18-12-1946 tai Hfi N^i qufin Phfip ddng d Hfi Nfii, Nam Djnh, Hai<br /> Phfip da huy ddng nhilu xe thifiit gifip vfi DUdng, Vinh, Hul^ Dfi Ning... qufin vfi d i n<br /> binh Ifnh dl'n chiem dflng Sd Tfii chfnh d Bie Bfi da tfch cUc ti^n hfinh tan cU, di cQ<br /> dudng Cot Cd. Bd Chi huy qufin dfli Phfip nhfin dfin, ting di chuyin cd quan, kho<br /> cdn ra l$nh cho raay bay thfim thfnh trdn tfing, mfiy mdc v l vQng an tofin n h i m bao<br /> khflng phfin Hfi Ndi suit ngfiy d khu vQc tofin vfi phfit triin iQc lUpng d l khfing<br /> ciu Long Bidn, cQa Dfing vfi phfl' Yin chiin Ifiu dfii.<br /> Ninh,... ding thdi lidn ti^p gfiy ra nhQng Nhfin thQc sau sic t i m quan trpng cfl f<br /> cuflc xung dfit vdi mfit dfl ngfiy cfing dfiy nghia quy^t djnh cua vi^c bao tofin iQc<br /> dfic. Cfing t h i n g tai Hfi Npi diy ldn dinh lupng, vai trd vfi tilm iQc cfich mang cua<br /> dilm khi cQng ngfiy, tQdng Phfip Morlidre nhfin dfin, Dang vfi Chu tjch H i Chi Minh<br /> giii thu cho Chinh phu Vidt Nam Dfin chii da r i t chu trpng, quan tfim din cfing tfic<br /> Cfing hda vdi yeu saeh ddi chilm ddng Sd tan cQ, di cQ dfin nhfin. NgUdi ndi: "T6i vd<br /> Tfii chinh, nhfi vidn Giam dfi'c, Sd Giao Chinh phu khdng gid phdt ndo khdng lo<br /> thfing, ddi p h i bd tfi't ea cfing sU, chUdng ldng din cdc dong bdo" (3). De bao v§ an<br /> ngai vfit trfln cfic dudng pho" dl quan Phap tofin tinh mang vfi tfii san cua nhan dan,<br /> dam nhidm vide giQ tri an d Hfi Ndi. Toi Trung Udng Dang vfi Chfnh phu da chu<br /> hflu thu ghi ro: nfl'u phia Vidt Nam Dan chii dpng dua nhan dan di sd tfin. Theo do, cfic<br /> Cflng hda khfing chfi'p thufin cfic yeu eiu cu gifi, tre em, ngudi 6m dau, tfin tfit dfi<br /> cua hp, thi chfim nhfi't lfi vfio sfing sdra sdm dupe to chQc rdi khdi thfinh pho*, thi ^^<br /> ngfiy 20-12-1946, hp se hfinh dfing. ve vQng ndng thdn vfi ldn cfin cQ dia.<br /> Trudc am mUu md rfing chiin tranh xfim V l cdng t i e tan cQ, Chu tich H i Chi<br /> lUdc ra toan dfi't nudc cua thuc dfin Phap, Minh chi ro: "... moi kj*, tinh, huydn, Ifing<br /> Chfnh phu Vidt Nam da nhan nhUpng k^ deu phai c6 uy ban tan cU, cac uy ban nfiy<br /> vdi Phfip hiflp dinh Sd bd (6-3-1946), Tam eo nhidm vu lien hd mfit thiit vdi nhau d l<br /> Udc (14-9-1946). Dieu dd da ndi len udc lam td't cdng vide dieu tra, nghidn cQu, xem<br /> vpng hda binh, Ifip trUdng chinh nghia cua xet tinh hinh nhan dfin tan cU. NgUdi cdn<br /> dan tde Vidt Nam, d6ng thdi tranh thii sQ Udc tinh so ngudi tan eU moi tinh cd the thu<br /> ung h$ ding tinh ngfiy cfing rpng rai cua nhfin, nhQng tinh cd the dung 2 v^n ngUdi:<br /> nhfin dfin ydu chuong hda binh d Phap vfi Ha Ddng, Vinh Ydn, Bie Ninh, Bfic Giang,<br /> nhfin dfin cac nUde trfln thfl" gidi, nhUng gidi Hai DUdng, HUng Yen, Hfi Nam. Cd t h i<br /> hiiu ehien Phap da bdi Ude nhQng dilu dung 1 van ngUdi Nam Dinh, Sdn Tfiy, Cao<br /> khoan da ky, tilp tue nd' sung til'n hanh Bang, Thfii Nguyen, Thai Binh. Cd t h i<br /> chil'n tranh. dung 5 ngfin: Phue Ydn, Tuyen Quang, Cao<br /> DQng trUdc tinh the mdt cuflc chil'n Bang, Hofi Binh, Ninh Binh (Cflng ca hdn<br /> tranh bQng n l trdn ca nUdc lfi khdng t h i 210.000 ngudi)" (4). ThQc hifln chu trUdng<br /> t r i n h khdi, Trung Udng Dang, Chinh phu, nfiy, cac dia phUdng phai ed kl' hoach ro<br /> dQng d i u lfi Chu tich H i Chi Minh da rfing, d l dfln nhfin sfl' ngUdi tan cU, giQp<br /> nhanh chdng tich cue chuan bi mpi mfit, ding bfio nhQng luc di dUdng. Cac tinh,<br /> chuyin dfi't nUdc vfio chifl'n tranh. CQng vdi huyen cin phai Ifip tram fin, nghi cung nhU<br /> 34 Rghifln cQu Ljch su. ao 1.1013<br /> <br /> <br /> ho trp phUdng ti$n di chd hfing hda giQp gific cfich m^ng, trUdc fim mUu dfinh Qp ciia<br /> ding bfio. thQc dan Phfip, tQ cuffi thfing 11-1946, cic<br /> thfinh phtf, thi xa ldn nhU Hfi Nfii, Nam<br /> N h i m giQp cho vi§c t i n cU nhfin dfin cd<br /> Dinh, Hai Phdng... nhfin dfin da chu dpng<br /> trfit tu vfi thtfng nhtft, ngfiy 27-12-1946,<br /> sd tfin ra khdi vQng chi^n si^.<br /> Chu tjch H i Chf Minh vi^t bfii: M^t vdi y<br /> kien vi cdc dy ban kiin thiit, d^ng viin ddn 2. Qufi t r i n h t i ^ n hfinh t a n cK, d i cU<br /> chung, tdng gia sdn xuit, uy ban tdn cU (6) nhfin d a n or B i e B $<br /> n h i m chi d^o, ddng vidn dfin chQng, tfing Tdn cii nhdn ddn<br /> gia san xufi't. Tilp dd, ngfiy 31-12-1946, Thuc hi$n chu trUdng tan cQ,-di cQ ciia<br /> Chu tjch H i Chf Minh ra Sic l$nh stf 5/SL Dang, cflng tfic tan cU nhfin dfin diln ra tgii<br /> v l v i ^ thfinh Ifip tiy ban Trung Udng tan h i u bfi't cic tinh d B i e B^, nhlit lfi nhQng<br /> cU vfi di cU (dilu 1). Sic l§nh quy djnh thfinh phtf, thi xa ldn, ndi chil'n tranh c6<br /> ngofii nhi§m vy nghidn cQu kl^ hoach tan t h i xay ra btft cQ luc nfio. Moi tinh, huy^n<br /> cU, di cU, tiy ban tan cU, di cQ Trung Qdng d i u da thfinh Ifip uy ban tan eu, di cu dl<br /> sd nghidn cQu vfi d l nghi vdi cfic bfl kl' hudng d i n vfi giup dd dong bfio. NhQng<br /> hoach tfing gia san xufi't vfi dpng vien nhfin cdng vide c h u i n bi cho cdng t i c tan cU dU^lc<br /> dan. tilfn hfinh, cac tram diing chfin dUpc xay<br /> Ngudi ndi: "O tien tuyl^n, chiin sT hy dQng tren dpc dUdng di chuyin, rapt ao<br /> sinh xUdng raau de bao vfl non sflng. O hfiu qufin fin gifi re dUpc Ifip ra d l phyc vu ding<br /> phUdng, tofin t h i qufic dfin hy sinh mo hdi bfio, mpt so' ndi da c h u i n bi thfinh l|ip<br /> nUdc mfit d l giup vide khang ehie'n. Cfic nhQng trai di cU san xufit d l ddn ding bfio<br /> dong bfio tan eU cam chiu dinh linh eUc tan cu. Vdi sU c h u i n hi chu dao, tfch cue<br /> khi, chQ khdng chiu dpi trdi chung vdi dd, hfing chuc van dfin dQdc iiy ban tan cU,<br /> qufin thQ. Tfli biet dong bfio trudc IQc tan di cQ vfi chfnh quyin cfic dja phUdng hUdng<br /> eU, giao h i t iQdng thUe cho bdi dpi ta, cho d i n ra khdi vQng chilh su dang diln ra.<br /> khdi lot vfio tay dich. Nhilu ngUdi tQ dfi't<br /> Thu dd Hfi Ndi lfi dja bfin quan trpng,<br /> nhfi minh, cho khdi dl qufin dich dQng. T h i<br /> ndi tfip trung cfic cd quan d i u nao khang<br /> lfi dong bfio da oanh lipt tham gia khang<br /> chi^n, nguy cd bQng n l chil'n tranh tofin<br /> chilh" (6). De dieu hfinh kip thdi vfi sat sao<br /> thfinh phfi" cfl t h i xay ra b i t cQ IQc nfio. Vi<br /> cfing viec tan cU, di cU d Bfic Bp, ngfiy 12-1-<br /> thi*, de bao dam tinh mang cho nhfin din,<br /> 1947, Uy ban tan cU, di eU Bfic Bfi dUpc<br /> lanh dao thfinh phfi^ da sdm hinh thfinh kl<br /> thfinh Ifip vdi ngan q u j 30 tri^u dong.<br /> hoach tan cQ. TrUdc khi chi^n si? n l ra<br /> Vdi sU quan tfim vfi chi dao ciia Dang vfi nhfin dfin d Hfi Nfii da di chuyin din<br /> Chfnh phu, dfic biet lfi Chu tieh H i Chf nhQng ndi an tofin nhQ: Ganh, PhOng, HA<br /> Minh cdng cupc tan cU, di cU dfi dien ra Dflng, ChQdng lAf... DQdc sQ che chd, bao<br /> r i m rd, sdi noi d h i u hl^t cac tinh thudc Bie v$ cua bfi dpi, dfin qufin, tQ v§ thfinh, d^c<br /> Bfi. TrUdc ngfiy tofin qud'c khang chi^n, bi$t lfi su giup dd cua Uy ban tan cu, di ctf<br /> cfing vide tan cQ, di cU nhfin dfin dUdc Trung Udng cudc tan cu nhfin dfin tQ Hi<br /> Dang, Chfnh phu, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh Nfli ra vQng ngoai thfinh da d i l n ra an<br /> quan tam, hUdng dfin, diy len thfinh nhi^m tofin. Tfnh chung trong nhQng ngay diu<br /> vu chfnh trong nhQng cfing viec d l chuyin tofin qud'c khfing chil'n, Uy ban tan cQ, di<br /> dfi't nUdc vfio thdi chi^n. Vdi tinh t h i n canh cu Hfi Nfli da to chQc cho khoang 6.000<br /> Vai nfet ve cu^c t&n cu. di cu..<br /> <br /> dfing bfio vfi hfing nghin ngoai kilu p h i n tan cQ di. ThQe hidn chu trUdng dd, Uy ban<br /> ldn lfi ngUdi Hoa tan cU. tan cU, di cU Bfic Bp da t l chQe dUa 20.000<br /> Tinh Hfi Ddng lfi ndi ed dia the dfte biflt, ngudi tQ hai trai ChQdng My, Dan PhUdng<br /> gifip ranh Thu dd Hfi Nfii, khi ca nUde bUde vfi 3.000 ngQdi (7) tQ Uf DQc Ifln Vi$t Bie.<br /> vfio khang chiin, tinh lfi viing ty do nfln Tinh Thfii Nguydn dUpc coi lfi hfiu<br /> nhan dan cac dia phUdng xung quanh dfi phUdng an tofin vdi an tofin khu Dinh Hda -<br /> tan eU den rfi't ddng, khoang 15 van ngUdi. thu dd eua khfing chil'n, ndn ding bfio miin<br /> Trong nhQng ngfiy d i u tofin qufl'c khfing xuQi tan eU Ifln r i t dflng, tinh den thfing 2-<br /> chil'n, tinh Hfi Dflng dfi tilp ddn khdng chi 1947, tinh Thfii Nguyen da til'p nhfin<br /> dong bfio nfli vfi n g o 0 thfinh Hfi Nfli, mfi 12.000 ding bfio tan cU tQ eic tinh khfic<br /> cdn ddn ca dong bfio cfic tinh miin xyfli tQ den. Cfic tinh khfic d chil'n khu Vifit Bie da<br /> Nam Dinh, Phu L^... tan cU Ifln. Tuy trUdc til'p nhfin gin 63.000 (8) ding bfio tan cU tQ<br /> dd Uy ban tan eu, di cU tinh Hfi Ddng da cfic ndi vl.<br /> ehi dinh sfin cho dfin chung biit dia phUdng<br /> nfio phai chuin hi sfin sfing, khi tan cU Trong nhQng ngfiy d i u tofin qufl'c khang<br /> phai lfim nhQng gi, t i i n vfi cua phai cfi't dfi'u ehie'n, hai tinh Phu Thp vfi Vinh Ydn dfi<br /> ra sao, ndi nfio nen dIh d l tranh qMfin gific. ddn tifi'p tren 20 cd quan, dofin the eua<br /> NhUng do chua cd kinh nghiem nen khi Trung Udng vfi trdn 60.000 dong bfio tQ Hfi<br /> mdi b i t d i u khdi chiin, iiy ban tan cU, di Ndi, Hai Phdng va cfic ndi khfic tan cU din<br /> cU cua tinh, huyen vfi rfi't nhifl'u xa dfi phai (9). Phiic Yen lfi dia bfin qufin ddi hai bdn<br /> cfing sQc giup dd dong bao tan cQ tQ cac ndi (Viflt Nam - Phfip) ddng xen ke, vQng qufin<br /> khfic dfi'n. dpi Phap kiim sofit chi each vQng an t o i n<br /> eua tinh Phue Yen bang nhQng con sdng<br /> Hfi Dflng thdi kf nfiy tam chia thfinh hai nhd, hep. Nen, raSi khi quan Phfip di cfin<br /> khu vQc, khu tan cu vfi khu an tofin. Huydn qudt thi nhfin dfin tan cU qua sdng sang<br /> ChUdng My vfi My DQc dUdc chpn lam an vung an tofin, khi qufin Phap rut nhfin dfin<br /> tofin khu vfi cd nhi^m vu tilp ddn dong bao lai trd v l lam an binh thudng dfl bam dfi't.<br /> khdng t h i tU tQc tan eU len Viet Bfic. Din<br /> thfing 2-1947, tren efic nga dUdng chinh O Thanh phfi' Nam Dinh, trong khi cfic<br /> cua tinh Hfi Ddng dfl'u xfiy dUng cac tram cufic chiin dfi'u dang di§n ra fie liet trong<br /> nghi chfin d l dUa dong bfio den cfic qufin ndi thanh. Ban ehi huy Mfit trfin Nam<br /> tam trQ. O cac ndi khfic, khi da quen vdi Dinh vfi chinh quyen cae dia phUdng cung<br /> edng tfic tan cU nfln m5i khi qufin dpi Phap da kjp to chQc dQa khoang 50.000 din<br /> din cfin qudt, dan chQng dia phUdng tQ 60.000 (10) dfin tQ thfinh phfi' v l cfic vQng<br /> dflng tan cQ vfio cac vQng an tofin theo kfl^ nflng thfin.<br /> ho^ch sfin cd cua uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh. Thfinh phd' Hai Phdng lfi mdt trong<br /> Sang t h i n g 3-1947, qufin dpi Phfip md rpng nhQng ndi thQe dan Phfip nd' sung gay hfi'n,<br /> danh pha ra cae tinh Bfic Bfi, Hfi Ddng lfi dfinh pha d i u tien d Bfic Bd, khi nguy cd<br /> dia bfin qufin Phap thudng xuydn tiin hanh chil'n tranh lan rfing ngfiy 20-11-1946 ding<br /> cfin quit, bfit bd vfi cUdp bdc. TrUdc tinh bfio Hai Phdng da tan cU sang Kiln An.<br /> hinh dd, Uy ban tan cU, di cU Trung Udng<br /> Tuy gip gfip nhung Uy ban bao vfi tai Kil^n<br /> nhfin dinh Hfi Ddng khdng phai lfi ndi ddn<br /> An da thu xep chS ftn, ngii cho ding bfio<br /> til'p nhfin dfin tan cU tdi mfi cin gfi'p rut<br /> khflng cd hp hfing hay ngUdi quen biit.<br />  36 Rghian cQu idch aiir. stj l.isma<br /> <br /> ngUdi Hoa cQng nhfin dupe sQ giQp dd vfi dudng ldn chil'n khu t h a m gia khang chil'n.<br /> bao v$ tfii san. Ngfiy 21-12-1946, chil'n sQ Trong sfi* dfl cd n h i l u ngudi noi til'ng nhU cy<br /> lan rfing sang dia bfin Ki^n An, d i n g bfio tQ BQi B i n g Dofin - Trudng ban ThQdng trye<br /> Hai Phdng vfi Kil'n An dfi tan cU sang An Qufl'c hfii; P h a n K^Toai - nguydn Kbfim sai<br /> DUdng, An Lao, Kil'n Thyy l^i phai tan cU d^i t h i n cua t r i l u dinh nhfi Nguyin, hay<br /> di Tidn Lang, Vinh B i o vfi Thfii Binh. Klft Nguyin Vftn To", Nguyin Vftn Huydn, Ton<br /> thQc dpt tan cU, di cU nfiy, tinh Ki^n An dfi Thfi't TQng, T r i n HQu Tude, Ho Die Di,<br /> t l chQc dupc 4 dofin di cU, dofin thQ n h i t di Linh myc P h a m Ba True, Hda thUdng<br /> CQ dupc 323 ngudi, dofin thQ hai 588 ngUdi, Thfch Trf Dfi, Nhac si Vftn Cao, Nhfi vfin<br /> dofin thQ ba 768 ngUdi, dofin thQ tU 692 Nguyin Tufin...<br /> ngUdi. Tong cfing trong 4 l i n di cU, tinh ThQc hifin Chi thi cua Chu tich Ho Chf<br /> Ki^n An da di cu dUde 2371 ngUdi (11). Minh gOi Bfi Nfii vy: "Vd luan the ndo cdc<br /> Khfic vdi Hfi Nfii, Nam Djnh vfi Hai uy ban Hdnh chinh khdng diiOc di ddn bd<br /> Phdng, Ninh Binh tQ khi chil'n sQ n l ra lfi va" (14), chfnh quyen cfic c i p da khin<br /> vQng tUdng dfii an tofin chUa xay ra chil'n trUdng ti^n hfinh giQp dd cfic d i n g bfio tan<br /> tranh, nfln rfift dfing ding bfio d Nam Djnh, cQ. Cac cfi'p bd Dang, chfnh quyin da<br /> Hai DUdng, Hfi Nfii tan cu den. Tinh Ninh nhanh chdng trien khai cfic bifin phfip tilp<br /> Binh da til'p nhfin 5000 (12) dong bfio d Hai nhfin d i n g bfio tan cU, phfin chia khu vUc<br /> Phdng, Kil'n An, taii dfiy dong bfio tan cU dfl'n dinh cu, on dinh cufic sfi'ng. N h i | m vu ciia<br /> da dupe dfln tiep tQ tl'. Tinh dl'n d i u nfim tQng cfi'p chfnh quyin cung dUpc phfin chia<br /> 1947, vQng Phat Didm da ddn tilp 30.000 cy t h i . "Cap xd: Tim chS 5 cho dong bfio,<br /> dfin tan eU, uy ban tan cQ, di cu tinh da tS thfinh Ifip vdi cac dofin the. Ban Cy lao dl<br /> chQc xfiy dyng khoang g i n 100 cftn nha lfi d chia sU vui buon cQng dong bfio. NhQng<br /> chd Nam Dfin, Phat Difim vfi d giQa quang dong bfio ed hofin canh khd khftn, thiiu<br /> dudng tQ Dflng Quan vfio Khu IV (13). thfi'n dupc ung hfi thdc, gao, cui vfi dUdc<br /> giup dd trong vi^c lam fin bufin bfin tgi<br /> Tinh Hda Binh lfi ndi an tofin nen tjy nhQng ndi mdi d^n. T l chQe nhQng bQa an<br /> ban tan cU, di cU tinh ehu ye'u lfim cflng tfic tfip dofin, hofie ti$c trfi thfin thidn trong<br /> ddn dong bfio tQ mien xuoi tan cU ldn ban, nhiing ngfiy l l ldn (Tet Nguyen dfin, Tit<br /> budn d Thj xfi Hda Binh. Dong bfio miin Dfic lap). Ngofii nhQng trgm nghi ra, hiu<br /> nui tinh Hda Binh khi cd chi^n sQ lan tdi bfi't eac thfin d i u cd s i n mfit vfii ngfii nha dl<br /> da tan cQ vfio rUng, nhUng do khdng hpp ddn tiep dong bfio khi di qua. Cdp huyin:<br /> thuy tho nhieu ngUdi bi om da phai ve ndi Trp cfi'p cho nhiJng dong bfio di qua, giai<br /> eu. quyet nhQng xi'ch mich giQa d i n g bfio dia<br /> Theo chu trUdng cua Dang, nhQng ngUdi phUdng vfi dong bfio tan cU. Thfinh Ifip ban<br /> khdng cd nhidm vu d lgi ehie'n dfi'u vfi phue k i i m sofit vfi sinh, tdi cac thdn d l ddn doc<br /> vu chien dfi'u thi di tan cU d l dam bao an thi hfinh vfi sinh, san se nhQng ndi ddng<br /> tofin. Ddi tUdng chinh phai tan cU lfi dflng dong bfio tan cU dl'n nhiJng ndi vang. Cap<br /> dao efic t i n g Idp nhfin dfin lao dpng, phy tinh: Trp cfi'p cho nhQng gia dinh ddng due,<br /> nQ, ngQdi gifi, ngUdi tfin t i t vfi tre em, tung t h i i u , cfi'p vd'n cho budn bfin, hdn lac<br /> nhUng vdi long yflu nUde, quyet tam ddng vdi cac doan t h i d l thfinh Iflp nhQng 6y<br /> gdp, hy sinh cho sU nghidp cQu nUdc, ddng ban uy lao giai quyfi't nhQng sQ xich mfch<br /> dao nhan si, tri thQc, vfin nghd si eung tim quan trpng. Bfin cfic hang mua dupc cua Ty<br /> V6i nii vi cuQc tAn eir. di eu... 37<br /> <br /> kinh tl^ vdi gii vfi'n, phfit khdng hofie bfin re Minh da ra chu trUdng "khdng dd mdt tac<br /> chil'n cho nhQng dong bfio nghdo hofie tung ddt hoan^, dong thdi dUa ra k h i u hifiu<br /> thieu" (15). "Tiin phiiong ra site chiin ddu, Hdu<br /> Di cit sdn xuat phuang tdng gia sdn xudt' (19). Ngudi yeu<br /> ciu: "... dong bfio tan cU cung phai t i n g gia<br /> Di cU san xufi't lfi bfl phfin quan trpng<br /> san xufi't, nay rdi vfio hflu phUdng, cfic d i n g<br /> cua cupc tan cQ, di cU l i n nfiy, day lfi eong<br /> bfio mdi ngUdi phai lfim mfit vific, khflng<br /> vide vQa dam bao an tofin tinh mang cho<br /> nfln mot ai fin rdi ngoi khflng. Cfic anh em<br /> nhfin dfin, vQa giup nhfin dfin tQ san xufi't<br /> trf thQc thi dem hoc v i n ciia minh giQp vfio<br /> lUdng thuc, thQe phfim nuoi sfi'ng gia dinh<br /> vific vftn hda d thdn qud, ra sQc tuyfln<br /> vfi ddng gdp cho khfing chilh. Cufic khfing<br /> truyen viec khfing chiin. Hofie giup sQc vfio<br /> chil'n chfi'ng thyc dfin Phfip xfim lUpc diln<br /> binh dan hpc vu, chd bd tfii hpe eua minh.<br /> ra trong dilu kidn dfi't nUdc vfin lfi thuoc<br /> Con dong bfio cd vfi'n thi nen to chQc cfic<br /> dia nda phong kil'n vdi mpt n i n kinh tl'<br /> cflng nghfi nhd" (20).<br /> nfing nghifip lac hfiu, kdm phfit triin.<br /> Nhifim vu chfnh cua dfin tpe trUde m i t lfi ThQc hien chu trUdng "... dong bdo ai<br /> cung cfi' chinh quyfl'n, chfi'ng thUe dan Phap ldm nghi gi, trong luc tdn cii cit ldm nghi<br /> xfim iQdc, bfii trQ ndi phan, cai thidn ddi dy. Ai cdng ra site tdng gia sdn xudf' (21),<br /> sfi'ng nhfin dfin. Trong Chi thi Cdng viec hudng Qng phong trfio tfing gia san xufit, d<br /> khdn cap bdy gid, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh h i u he't cac tinh Bfic Bfi dfi thfinh Ifip cfic<br /> nhfi'n manh: "mud'n khfing chil^n thfing Ipi trai di cU san xui^t, trgi tiiu cfing nghfi, mfit<br /> cin: To chQe du kich khfip ndi. Tfing gia sfi' dia phUdng da thfinh Ifip dUpe eac trai<br /> san xua't k h i p ndi. DQ phai rUt khdi cac cQu td', trai thieu nhi de giup dd dong bfio<br /> thfinh pho, ta cQng khflng cin, ta se giQ tfi't tan cQ. Nhfim giup cfic trai di eU san xufi't<br /> ca thfin qud" (16). di vfio hogt dfing ngay, Uy ban tan cU, di cQ<br /> Trung Udng da trfch p h i n quy tan cU, di cQ<br /> Chi thi Todn ddn khdng chiin de ra<br /> Trung Udng cho nhiing tinh ed cac trai di eU<br /> "Chuang trinh khdng chiin" gom 12 dilu,<br /> san xufi't lfim vd'n, rad cfic ngfinh nghi san<br /> trong dd nhidm vy v l kinh tl' chi ro: "Tdng<br /> xuit.<br /> gia sdn xudt, thiic hiin kinh titit tuc" (17).<br /> Vi thi', cfing vide tan cU, di cU ben canh vide Cac trai di eU san xufi't dftt dUdi sU quan<br /> sd tfin dl bao ve tinh mang, tfii san ciia ly ciia Phdng di cii sdn xudt Trung tiang.<br /> dong bfio lfi nhiem vy di cU san xufi't vQa Trudng phdng thdi k^ nfiy lfi dong chi<br /> bid tofin dupc tinh mang vQa dam bao san Nguyin Duy Tinh, ciing tham gia cdng tfic<br /> xufi't, tu tQc kinh t^. chi dao viec di cU san xufi't cd dong chi Le<br /> Sfic Ifinh sfi" 05/SL nftm 1946, tgi did'u 6 DQc Tiin - Bi thU vfi ding chi Dinh Dudng<br /> neu rd: "Ngofii nhidm vy nghien cQu kl' LUdng - Thu ky (22).<br /> hoach tan cU vfi di cU, Uy ban Trung Udng VI vfi'n d l di cU san xufi't, theo chu<br /> se nghien cQu vfi d l nghi vdi cae Bd ad quan trUdng eua Dang, moi tinh, huyfln tQy theo<br /> nhQng kfi* hogch tfing gia san xufi't vfi dflng dilu kidn, phai thfinh Ifip nbiJng trai di cU<br /> vidn nhan dfin" (18). Cung vdi dd, de dam san xua't, trgi tiiu edng nghd de thu ngp<br /> bao du iQdng thuc, thUc p h i m cho quan dfii trai vien vfio tham gia san xufi't, hpc n g h i<br /> vfi nhan dfin, trong khi nen kinh t l cua d l lfim fin. NhQng dia phUdng nfio cd die~u<br /> cfich mgng dang can kiet, Chii tich Ho Chi kien thanh Ifip them trgi cQu te va trgi<br />  Rghien cQu IJcli sir, s61.2013<br /> <br /> thieu nhi d l dam bao vific lfim, chfim sdc kdo spi PhQdng Dfi (TrQc Ninh), xQdng dan<br /> sQc khde, y t l vfi vific hpc hfinh. r l ThQpng Ndng (Nam TrQc), trai Hai An<br /> Tinh Hfi Dflng da thfinh 14p cfic trgi di (Thinh Long), trgi nufli Xuan Thuy (Hai<br /> cU san xufi't d l giQp dd ding bfio t i n cU. Hfiu) (27).<br /> Huyfin Thudng Tin thfinh l i p dUpc 4 trgi Tgi Ninh Binh, cflng t i c thfinh Ifip trgi<br /> san xufi't gIm: Kifln Giang, Hung Hiin, s i n xufi't cung dUpc ehu f, ngay sau khi<br /> Minh DQc, Ydn Cfi'e. tjy ban tan cQ, di cU tofin qud'c khfing chil'n tinh dfi thfinh Ifip<br /> tinh da chi 3.283.330 d i n g vfi 253 tg thdc dupc hai trgi tan cU ldn vfi cfic trai tan cu<br /> cho cic trai di cu san xufi't, trong dfl huyfin nhd. Huyfin Ydn Khfinh, da td chQe dUde 4<br /> PhQ Xuydn 1.859.070 ding, 72 tg thdc; trgi san xufi't lfi: Duydn Nfiu, Quylit Chung,<br /> huyfin Ong Hda 7.012.00 ding, 261 tg thdc; PhQc LUdng vfi Sinh Dupc, cfic trai san<br /> huyfin My DQc 14.000.00 ding, 136 ta thflc xufi't d i u nhfin dupc sQ trp c i p tfii chfnh tU<br /> (23). Uy ban tan cU, di eu Trung Udng. Cfic hfl<br /> Tinh Hfi Dflng da t l chQc vfi gay quy tan gia dinh tgi dfiy, eung da nhfin nudi vfi giQp<br /> cU d l Uy ban tan cu, di cu tinh boat dpng. dd cac gia dinh tan cQ, trong dpt nfiy xa<br /> Quy tiin, Oy ban tan cU, di cU Bfic Bfi trp Duyen Nfiu nhfin nudi 10 gia dlnh, gin 50<br /> cfi'p 10.000.000 dong, t i i n thu tra lgi 357.00 ngUdi, xa Quyet Chung, Ddng PhQ, Cflng<br /> ding, tiin ung hfi 200.00 ding, sap nhfip Thyy nhfin giup dd 300 dong bfio tan cU<br /> ngfin quy huyen Ong Hda 4.105.057 dong. (28).<br /> Vdi sfi' tiin dd uy ban tan cU, di eU tinh da Oy ban tan cii, di cU tinh Hfi Nam vfi cac<br /> trd cfi'p cho cac uy ban tan eU huyen vfi cfic huyen dUpc thfinh Ifip tQ thfing 5-1947. Oy<br /> trgi di cU san xufi't 99.967 dong, quy cdn ban tan cU, di cU Trung Qdng cffp cho Ha<br /> dpng lai 5.090 d i n g (24). Quy thdc, theo chi Nam 30 van (29), vdi s^ quy dd tinh thfinh<br /> phf cua Chinh phu, moi m i u ruflng nhan lap ba trgi tieu cflng nghfi tgi Khuyin Cfing<br /> dfin phai nfip 5kg, so* thdc thu khdng dupe (Kim Bang), Ngpc Dfing (Duy Tien) vfi Trfi<br /> thu du, ^^ cfl ndi nop tien ndi khdng nfip Chfiu (Thanh Liem). Trai vien chu yiu lam<br /> dUdc xin miin vi ddi kdm. Uy ban tan cU, di vfi hpc nghe kdo bflng spi, moi trgi vidn<br /> eU tinh Hfi Ddng trp cfi'p eho cfic trgi 5.200 dupc cfi'p 3 dong mfit ngfiy d l lfim vific. Sau<br /> kg. VI quy thdc tan cU, huyfin PhQ Xuydn mfit thdi gian thQc hien, do viec san xuit bi<br /> cd 256 ta, huyfin My DQc cd 551 ta, huyfin Id vfi'n, hai trgi Ngpc Dfing vfi Trfi Chfiu<br /> Ong Hda cd 532 ta, sd' thdc dd dUpc mang phai giai tfin, 250 trgi vien phfin tfin, ehi<br /> sang Thudng Tin 398 ta, ChUdng My 218 ta cdn duy tri trgi Khuyen Cdng vdi 200 trai<br /> (25). Vdi sfi' thdc thu dUpc dd, uy ban cac vien. D i n t h i n g 8-1947, Hfi Nam thfinh Ifip<br /> huyfin da chi dQng giQp ding bfio tan cQ vfi them hai trgi di cU san x u i t d Cfic Thfln<br /> tie'p tl' cho cfic trgi san xufi't. (Kim Bang) vfi Bfl'ng Tgng (Thanh Liflm).<br /> Tinh Nam Dinh, vific tifl'n hfinh tan cQ Trgi vien chu yeu lam nflng nghidp, Ifi'y<br /> vfi triin khai cflng tfic di cQ san xufi't dupe trong trpt vfi chfin nufli lfi hogt dfing san<br /> tien hfinh sdm. Uy ban tan eU, di eU Trung xufi't chfnh, moi trgi vien dUpc cSTp 15 dong<br /> Udng cip cho Oy ban tan cU, di eU tinh vfi 700g gao moi ngfiy. Sau mfit thdi gian<br /> 54.153.800 dong (26), vdi nguon ngfin quy hogt dfing, hai trgi nay d i u hi giai tan vi<br /> nfiy uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh da to chQc nude dfic vfi t h i i u tiin.<br /> thanh Ifip dQpc 4 trgi san xufi't gom: xudng Tai HUng Yen, uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh<br /> VAi n61 v& euQe tan cu. di eu...<br /> <br /> da chi dgo thfinh Ifip hai trgi san xufit vfi hfing chuc van ngQdi rdi khdi vQng chilh sQ<br /> mfit trai cQu t^, eac trgi nfiy da tilp nhfin d l dl'n nhQng vQng an tofin. Vdi sU giQp dd<br /> 206 trgi vidn bao gIm: 140 trgi vien san cua uy ban tan cU, di cU, chinh quyin vfi<br /> xuit, 80 trgi vien cQu t^, 50 thilii nhi dUdi nhfin dfin cfic dia phUdng, ding bfio tan cU<br /> 10 t u l i (30). Trong cfic trai di cQ san xufi't, din ndi mdi da nhanh chdng I n dinh cufic<br /> trai tiiu cdng nghfi, trgi vien ehu yfi'u lfim so'ng, tich eUc tham gia san xufi^t vfi khfing<br /> n g h i difit chieu, ddt bao tai, ddt vai, dan chien.<br /> len, dan spi, dan rd ra vfi do dQng bing tre. Tren thUc t l cflng tfic tan cU da diln ra<br /> Ngofii ra, cfic trgi vien cdn chfin nudi trfiu, thufin Ipi, ding bfio tan cU tham gia tieh<br /> bd, ldn, gfi. cQc vfio sU nghifip khfing chil'n kiln qufl'c.<br /> Oy ban tan cQ, di cU tinh Hai DUdng da Bdo CUu Qudc so ra ngfiy 4-12-1946 da<br /> t^ chQc dQpc 6 trgi gom efic trgi di cU ndng phan finh tinh hinh nfiy nhU sau: "... cac<br /> nghidp, trgi tieu cflng nghfi vfi trgi cQu t l . nhfi tan eU khfic cQng mdi ngUdi mfit vific,<br /> Do chien sU lan rfing ba trai phai phan tfin ching ai fin khfing ngii roi. Mfi'y hfim trUdc<br /> vfio cfic vQng an tofin eiia huyfin nen ehi mdi tan cU vl, Ifing nUdc cd ve xfin xao, chQ<br /> cdn ba trgi, trai tiiu cflng nghe d Do Nghia cdn ra l^i Ig Id, khfich thi fiy nfiy bQa nay lo<br /> (Ninh Giang), trgi nflng nghidp d Binh bQa sau. NhUng bay gid da khfic, ai ciang cd<br /> Cach (Cim Giang) vfi trgi thiiu nhi cQu tl' vific lira, ai cung lo t i n g gia san xufi't,<br /> d huyen Vinh Bao. Trong do, hai trgi Do khfing ban khoan nfii phai dl b i n tfim dl'n<br /> Nghia vfi Binh Cfich da tu tuc boat dfing bfi con trong Ifing vi ai ciing an cU lgc<br /> san xufi't, trgi Vinh Bao do khfing dUdc d i u nghidp..." (32).<br /> tu va hoat dfing khong hifiu qua ndn phai<br /> 3. N h a n xet<br /> phfin tfin.<br /> 1. Tien hanh tan cU, di eU nhfin dfin Bfic<br /> 6 tinh Thfii Binh, tQ khi viflc di cQ di Bfi v l vung an tofin lfi rafit t h i n g Ipi, mfit<br /> Dfing Trilu va Thfii Nguyen ngUng trd, cfic bai hpe kinh nghiem ldn, cd f nghia quan<br /> phu huyfln tU dfing Ifip cfic trgi di cU san trpng trong viee bao tofin lyc lUdng d l<br /> xufi't. Trong thdi gian nay, tinh thanh Ifip khang chifl'n Ifiu dai.<br /> dupc trgi Duyen Ha, trgi Cao Mo (Tien Phai khang dinh ring, nhd chii dpng tan<br /> HUng), trai Tan Bfii (Tie'n Hai) va trai cu, di cU nhfin dan - nhQng ngUdi khfing<br /> Duyfin Trang (Dflng HUng), so' trgi vidn trUe tilp chiin dfi'u vfi phye vy chiin dfi'u ra<br /> trong cfic trai nfiy tQ 50 den 70 ngudi (31). khdi vQng chil'n sQ hay cae viing chiin sU<br /> V l hogt dfing san xufi't, ben cgnh boat dfing sfip lan tdi da gdp p h i n to ldn vfio t h i n g ldi<br /> san xufi't nflng nghiep, trong trot, rapt so' trong nfim d i u tofin qud'c khfing chil'n.<br /> trgi vidn da tQ tue md rfing chan nufii vit, Thfinh qua cua cfing t i e tan cU, di cU nhfin<br /> Ipn vfi lfim them cfic n g h i thu cfing nhu dan dan gdp p h i n bao tofin dUpc nhfin lUe, vit<br /> ti, ra, dfit chieu. Dd'i vdi nhQng ngudi tfin lUe cho cufic khang chiin trudng 1^. ChQng<br /> tat, di fin xin, Oy ban khfing chil'n hanh minh tU tudng "lay ddn ldm goc " eua Chu<br /> ehinh tinh tfip trung vfio cfic trai te bin, tich H i Chi Minh lfi mfit gia tri trudng ton.<br /> trgi cQu tl' de giup dd hp. Hdn nQa, cufic tan cU, di cU nhfin dfin dUpc<br /> Thyc hifln ehu trQdng ciia Dang, Chinh tien hfinh mfit cfich ehu dfing, kjp thdi gdp<br /> phu, dQng d i u lfi Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, uy phin pha tan kl' hogch "dfinh nhanh thing<br /> ban tan cQ, di cQ cac cfi'p da to chQc giup dd nhanh", am mUu "dung ngUdi Viet trj ngudi<br /> 40 ftgnmn K,uti imJ« «M. .-IS<br /> <br /> Vifit^', 'la'y ehie'n tranh nufli chilh tranh" cua k h i cua d i n g bfio tan cQ.<br /> thue dfin Phip. H i u hit nhQng ngUdi tham gia tan cu, di<br /> Hfing ngfin ngUdi tgi nhQng dd thi thufic cu diu cd tfim 1^ hoang mang cQng vdi nSi<br /> cfic tinh Bie Bfi dfi vl cfic vQng ngogi thfinh nhd nhung qufi nhfi, phai ad t i n trong hofin<br /> vfi nhQng ndi an tofin. NhQng ngQdi tan cU canh chilh tranh thudng xuydn diln ra,<br /> da dupc chfnh quyin vfi d i n g bfio sd tgi phUdng tifin vfin chuyin khflng c6, hfinh \f, tu<br /> giQp dd, CUu mang, tgo cdng fin vific lfim, trang thi cfing kinh, lgi phai di chuyin trdn<br /> gfip p h i n hgn ch^ nhQng tfl'n thfi't mfi't mfit. nhQng dogn dudng xa. Nht2ng IQc chil'n si^<br /> Mfit khfic, do d i n chQng da trifit d l tan cU chUa xay ra cflng vific tan cU, di cU dfi vit va,<br /> ra khoi dfl thi ndn nhifim vy tidu t h i khfing nhiJng khi xay ra chilh sQ din dfip, uy ban<br /> chiin vfi phfi hogi dupe tifl'n hfinh thufin Ipi. tan cU, di cU chua kip trien khai, nhfin dfin<br /> phai chay logn gfip nhilu khd khftn.<br /> CQng vdi cufic tan cQ nhan dfin, vific di<br /> cU san xufi't cung dQpc ti^n hfinh thfinh Hdn thd*, khi dl'n ndi tan cU vi sfl^ lUpng<br /> cflng vfi dgt kl^t qua. Hfiu h i t cfic tinh Bie dfing, lai phfin bfl' khflng d i u nfln ndi fin,<br /> Bfi, ndi cd dong bfio tan cU din da thfinh Ifip chd'n d, vific lfim, cflng tfic giao dye, y tl,<br /> cic trgi san xufi't, trgi tieu cflng nghp d l thuSc men deu t h i i u thon, khd khfin. Dieu<br /> ddn tifi'p, thu nhfin ding bfio, gidp dd, dfio dd lfim cho cufic sfTng cua d i n g bfio tan cU<br /> tgo cflng ftn vide lfim, tfing gia san xufi't lfim sut kdm, anh hudng dl^n ddi sMig ciia ding<br /> phyc vu khang chien."Tinh chung tgi Bac bfio sd tai. Bdn canh dd, edng tac tan cQ, di<br /> Bg vd Trung Bd cdc dia phiiOng dd thdnh cQ cdn hi cfic thl^ iQc thQ djch phan dfing,<br /> lap diiOc 500 trgi sdn xud't, tgo cong dn viec qufi'y pha vfi dy dd. "Cdc bdo cdo phdn<br /> ldm cho khodng 70.000 dong bdo tdn cit" dgng, cd Viet gian ldn thiic ddn, dang ndm<br /> (33), dfiy lfi mdt con so'khdng nhd. lay tinh trgng kho gidi quyit trong cdc trgi<br /> 2. Cufic tan cQ, di cQ d Bfic Bfl thfinh di cit dephdn tuyin truyin khdng ngdt. Boi<br /> cfing, lfi do dupc sU quan tfim, lanh dao cua vdi dong bdo phdi trd vi, chung ra siic ldi<br /> Dang, Chfnh phu, chinh quyfl'n cfic cfi'p, Oy keo, phinh phd de theo doi..." (34).<br /> ban hfinh chinh, Oy ban tan cU, di cU cfic<br /> 4. Cflng tac tan cU, di eU nhfin dfin b<br /> ky, tinh, huyfln vfi dfic biet lfi sU giup dfl<br /> Bfic Bp cdn ton tgi nhQng hgn chl' do s4<br /> cua dong bfio sd tai. Chu tich Ho Chi Minh<br /> chu quan vfi d i l u kifin khfich quan dem<br /> giQ vai trd dfic biflt quan trpng trong vide<br /> lgi. Trong vific t a n cU nhfin dfin, mfit phin<br /> ehi dao, hUdng dfin cufic tan cU, di cU nhan<br /> Uy ban tan cU hogt ddng kdm hifiu qua,<br /> dfln d Bfic Bfl v l cac vQng an tofin. NgQdi<br /> p h i n nhifi'u lfi chua cd kinh nghifim. Thdi<br /> khfing chi de ra nhQng chu trUdng mfi cdn<br /> gian d i u , vi chua cd sQ chuft'n bj chu dfio,<br /> true tiefp chi dgo, hUdng dfin vfi thudng<br /> cung nhu n h a n dan chua n i m dUpc chd<br /> xuydn dfing vien dong bfio tan cQ, di cU.<br /> trUdng cua Dang, nfln viflc tan cU diln ra<br /> Nhd dd mfi vific tan cU, di cU khdng chi diln<br /> rfi't khd khfin, Ifin xfin, xufi't hifin tfim \f<br /> ra thfinh cdng mfi cdn khdi dfiy truyin<br /> sfiTng tam bd, dfim bQa nQa thang roi lgi<br /> thfl'ng dofin ke't, ldng tin cua nhfin dan vfio<br /> trd v l que cu.<br /> sQ lanh dao cua Dang vfi Chinh phu.<br /> Ben canh dd, k^ hogch tan eU v l cic dia<br /> 3. Cufic tan cU, di eU nhan dan d Bfic Bp phUdng cung khdng dQng vdi mfit dfl vfi dja<br /> trong nfim d i u tofin quoc khang chien thue bfin, cd nhQng vQng dfi't rfing an tofin khfing<br /> sQ Ifi mfit cudc chien dfi'u gay go va gian tan cQ vi, mfi tan cU dl'n nhQng ndi gin<br /> Vai n6t ve cu^c tdn eu. di eu.. 41<br /> <br /> mftt trfin, viing quan sQ bf mfit. tuyin truyin ta. Nhitng ngitdi d lgi, thi dn<br /> Ve vfi'n d l di cU san xufi't cung ton tai ddi (sudt ggo bi gidm, soi ret khdng co<br /> nhQng hgn chl, dd lfi do tam ly chu quan, thudc, khdng cd thdy chita, sdn xudt cdm<br /> ndng vfii trong vide Ifip trgi di cU san xufi't, chia, chiia cd dn, hodc chi co rdt it, khdng<br /> q u i tfip trung d i u tU phd trUdng vfio mfit du t{i cdp, t\i tdc, cd chd thiiu ndng cu,<br /> vfii trai san xufi't, phfin h6 ngfin quy khflng thiiu trdu bd, thiiu hg.t gidng..." (35), dilu<br /> diu, nen xay ra tinh trgng cfi trai khdng du nfiy da gfiy nhilu khd khftn eho cfich mgng<br /> tien de hogt dfing. Hogt dfing cua cfic trai di trong nhQng ngfiy d i u khfing chil'n.<br /> eU san x u i t t l chQc khflng td't, chUa dupe VI mfit khfich quan, bdi day lfi mfit cufic<br /> chQ trpng d i u tu, chUa thu hQt dQdc dfing tan cQ, di cQ cua ca vQng Bie Bfi chQ khfing<br /> trai vidn vfi nhfin dfin tham gia, lam cho<br /> phai diln ra d rafit tinh ridng Id, vi thl^ cac<br /> phong trao di eu san xufi't gfip nhilu khd<br /> cupe tan cQ, di cU phai tifl'n hfinh k h i n<br /> khfin. Nhiing ngUdi phy trfich cfic trgi di cU<br /> trUdng, bf mfit, nbUng cung hiit sQc nhjp<br /> san xufi't, tiiu cdng nghfi khfing cd k l hogch<br /> nhang giQa ndi di vfi ndi den, d l t r i n h<br /> san xufi't sfit vdi thUc te va nfing lUc cua<br /> qufin Phfip phfit hidn. Hdn nQa, trong dilu<br /> trai vien, chUa cd sU p h ^ hpp giQa cac trai<br /> kifln kinh tl' dfi't nUde khd khfin, sU non yeu<br /> tiiu cdng nghe vfi trgi san xufi't ndng<br /> v l kinh nghidm, sU dilu hfinh quan ly thi<br /> nghiep trong vific hdp tac san xufi't. Mdt so<br /> trgi tieu cdng nghfi dUdc md vdi y tudng nhQng ban c h l trfln lfi khdng the tranh<br /> lfim viflc nhu nhQng xudng ldn nen khdng khdi.<br /> hpp vdi cac trai tiflu cdng nghe di cU vdi Hdn 60 nfim sau, nghidn cQu vfin de tan<br /> kieu lfim an nhd, hep. cU, di cQ, dgt nd trong hoan canh dat nUdc<br /> Hdn nQa, do khdng nam sfit thuc te', chu thdi ba'y gid, xet thay day diing lfi mfit ky<br /> quan, khi thi hfinh khflng cd ke hogch, ddi tich cua dfin tgc, chu trUdng diing dfin cua<br /> so'ng cua ddng bfio trung du, hay miin Dang trong viflc bao vfi sQc dfin, thfi'm<br /> ngUde gfip nhilu khd khan. "Mgt phdn ldn n h u i n tu tudng "cdch mgng Id sit nghiep<br /> cdc trgi sdn xudt di cii hay tgm trd d vitng cua qudn chun^'. Ngfiy nay, trong cfing<br /> trung du hay man ngitcfc dd tit dong vi cuoc dfli mdi toan didn va triet de, Dang vfi<br /> xudi, viia di trdnh nitdc dgc viia degdt liia, Chinh phu cin phfit huy tU tudng "ldy ddn<br /> vUa vi sdp cgn liing vd'n, khdng co ki hogch ldm goc" mfi cufic tan cU, di cU nhan dan d<br /> sinh nhai... Hg mang theo noi thdt vgng, Bie Bd trong nfim d i u tofin qufl'c khang<br /> oan Chinh phu ta "dem con bo cha" vd phdn chien da minh chQng.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Vien Ljch s\t QuSn BU Vi^t Nam: Lich sH (2). Dang Cfing san Vi§t Nam: Van ki^n qudn<br /> khdng chiin ching thUc ddn Phdp 1945-1954, Tap sil cua Ddng, T§p 2, Nxb. Quan d§i Nhfin dfin. Ha<br /> 2, Todn quic khdng chien, Nxb. Quan dfii NhSn Noi, 1976, tr. 105.<br /> dSn, Ha N6i, 2005, tr. 10. (3), (6), Hd Chi Minh todn tgp, Tfip 5, Nxb. Chinh<br /> 42 Hghiai elhi Hch silr. si 1.8013<br /> <br /> tri Quffc Bi«. Hii N?i, 1996, tr. 49. (17). D i n g C«ng s i n ViSt Nam, Vin kiin Ddng<br /> Toin tip, Tftp 8 (1945-1947), N i b . Cblnh trj QuSb<br /> (4), (5). Hi Chl Minh toin tflp. TJip 4, Nxb.<br /> gia, Hft N«i, 2000, t r . l 5 2 .<br /> Chlnh t n Quffc gia, Hk N?i, 1996, tr. 491- 496.<br /> (22). H6 8(t H$i ngh} tdn cU di ai miin Bdc<br /> (7). Bdo cdo thinh tich 18 thing khing chiin tit<br /> Vi4t Nam til 14 • 16/ 9/1948, T r u n g tftm Luu<br /> thing 2/1946 • 5/1948 cia ttnh Hi D6ng, Trunf<br /> trQ Qufic gia III, phflng P h u Thii tudng, S6 so<br /> t»m LUu trO QuSc gia 3, H i so 96, tr. 29.<br /> 677.<br /> (8) Thii NguySn • L}ch sit d&u tranh vi trang<br /> (23), (24), (25). Bio cdo thinh tich 18 thdng<br /> cdch mang vi khdng chiin ch^ng Phip (1941-<br /> khdng chiin til thdng 2/1946 • 511948 cia linh Hi<br /> 1954). M chi huy quSn sM tinh T h i i NguySn x u t t<br /> b i n , 1999, t r . l 6 0 . Ding, Trung tftm Lim trQ Q u & gia III, H5 sd 96,<br /> tr. 29.<br /> (9). Vi§n Lich sOf quftn atf Vi§t Nam: Lich ait<br /> (26). Bdo cdo 16 thing khang chiin<br /> khing chiin chting thifi; din Phip 1945 - 1954.<br /> (19/12/1946 - 4/1948) cia UBHCKC tinh Nam<br /> Tftp 2, add, tr. 89.<br /> Binh, Trung t i m LUu trQ Qufic gia III, HS sd 102,<br /> (10). Hi Nam Ninh lich siJC khang chiin ch^ng<br /> tr. 34.<br /> th^lc din Phip 1945 • 1954, B« Chi huy quftn sV<br /> (27), (28), (29). Bdo cdo thinh tich 18 thing<br /> tinh Hft Nam Ninh, 1986, tr. 90.<br /> (11), (12). Bio do 16 thing khdng chiin khing chiin tit thing 2/1946 - 5/1948 cua Liin<br /> <br /> (19/12/1946 - 4/1948) cua UBHCKC tinh Hdi Kiin. Khu HI, Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia HI, Hfi sd 92,<br /> Trung tftm Luu trii Quoc gia HI, H6 BO 99, tr.23. tr. 86, 87.<br /> <br /> (13). Bio cdo thanh tuih 18 thing khing chiin (30), (31). Bdo cio thinh tick 18 thing<br /> <br /> ta thing 2/1946 • 5/1948 cia Liin Khu HI. Trung khing chiin lit thdng 2/1946 - 5/1948 cia Liln<br /> <br /> tara Lmi trfi Quoc gia III, Ho so 92, tr.87. Khu III, T r u n g tfim Liru trQ Qufic gia III, Hfi so<br /> 92, tr. 6.<br /> (14), (20), (21). Hi Chi Minh toin tap, T J p 5,<br /> sdd, tr. 90, 49, 49. (32). Bao Cihi Qudc, sff 426, ngfty 4-12-1946.<br /> <br /> (15). Bao cio 16 thing khing chiin 12/1946 - (33). Vilt Bdc 30 nim chiin tranh cdch mang<br /> 5/1948 cua uy ban k/idng chiin hinh chinh Liin 1945-1954, N i b . Quftn dfii Nhftn d i n , H i Nfii,<br /> tinh Hung Yen. Trung tftm LUu trQ Quoc gia III, 1990, tr. 83.<br /> phSng Phu Thu tufing, H5 80 101, tr. 43. (34), (36). D i n g Cfing s i n Viftt Nam ; Van kiln<br /> (16), (18), (19). Hi Chi Minh toin tip, Tftp 4, Ddng toin t4p, Tftp 8 (1945-1947), Nxb. Chinh tti<br /> edd, tr 433-434, 491-495, 495. Qufic gia. H i Nfii, 2000. tr. 243, 243.<br />