Văn bia chùa Thiệu Long thời Trần

TU LlfU - OfNH CHlNH sO Ll|U<br /> <br /> <br /> VAN B I A CHUA THIEU LOIVG THCfl TRAN<br /> <br /> <br /> PHAM VAN ANH*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T rong lich sQ phftt triln ciia t h i bi ki hign, 2002) ed tft't ca 44 tftc phdm (chii ylu<br /> t^i Vigt Nam, xdt v l m$t biit phap lft bi ki). Trong s i nfty, c6 21 tac phdm kha<br /> ngh§ thuftt, cd t h i coi bi kf thdi LJ lft dinh dl dap Qng yeu cdu ciia cdc bai bi kf theo<br /> cao, chfnh vi vfty, khi tim higu vl cftc di vfin nhQng tieu ehf the loai eiia nd. Su gdp mfit<br /> kim thach thdi Ly - Trdn, nhft bae hpe Lg ciia dai di^n Tam gifto khiln bi kf thdi Trdn<br /> Quy Ddn tQng dftnh gia "van thdi nha LJ, c6 su phong phii ve loai hinh tac gia. Cung<br /> 161 biln ngSu hdng bdy, dep de, cdn giong sang thdi Trdn, vi trf cua Nho gido ddn<br /> the vftn nhft Dudng" (Kie'n vdn tieu luc - dUde dl eao, do vfiy cac tac gia xuft't thftn<br /> Thiin chUOng). Sd bp khao sftt qua Dai Viet Nho hpe trd thftnh luc lupng cd yeu nhft't.<br /> sd ki todn thU, c6 d i n 40 ldn nhftc d i n vide Dilu nfty khig'n bi kf thdi Trdn cd sU thay<br /> xfty chQa, dung bia, due ehudng... song dd'i quan trpng so vdi bi kf thdi Ly ca vl npi<br /> dang tiec d i n nay, trai thdi gian Iftu dai dung va hinh thflc ngh^ thuat (dii tac<br /> cung nhieu nguyen nhan khftc nhau, so phdm gdn vdi cftc cdng trinh Phftt giao vftn<br /> lUdng di vftn kim thach thdi Ly hien mdi chiira ti lg ldn). Chftng han d phdn thuyet If<br /> chi sUu tftp dUdc 18 tac phdm. V l efin ban, - duygn khdi md ddu efte bai bi kf thdi Trdn,<br /> cftc tftc phdm deu gftn vdi cftc cdng trinh sU thuylt If khdng Idp lang va uyen do nhU<br /> Phat gifto, c6 dd dfti vftn ban tUdng doi ldn, b bi kf thdi L^, do vfiy mau sftc triet h co<br /> thuyet If tinh vi, tu sU tUdng t l , ngdn ngQ phdn sdt giam. d mdt sd' tdc pham, doan<br /> diin nha vft trau chuot, giftu hinh anh, but thuyet If - duygn khdi hi gian hda din tdi<br /> phftp tinh digu, vQa ta thUe vQa Udc lg vft da, bien thanh nhQng ldi ddn ngftn, thftm<br /> khoa trUdng, tuy lft bi ki song lai ra't giftu chi rft't sd sfti (nhu Bdo An thiin tU bi ki),<br /> ylu to tieu truygn. hofic gia bj lUpc bd hoan toftn de di thdng<br /> vfto phdn tu sU (nhu cftc bi kf Hie/i Dieu<br /> Sang thdi Trdn, so" iQdng di vftn kim thdp bi, Phuc Minh tU bi...). Tuy thing<br /> thaeh hign sUu tftp dUde theo thong kg hoftc eung cd tac phim thuyg't If kha sau<br /> trong Vdn khac Hdn Ndm Viit Nam, tap II: sdc (nhu Diin Thanh Bdo An tU chung,<br /> Thdi Trdn (1226-1400), quyen ThUdng va Dien Phuc viin bi, dftc biet la Thiiu Long<br /> Ha, (Sach do Vien Nghign cQu Hftn Ndm - tu bi)... nhQng ve cd ban, cac bi ki thdi Trdn<br /> Vign dai hpe Trung Chfnh Dfti Loan thQe<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ThS. Vi$n Vftn hoc<br />  Rghlfin cijru Lten su. so iu.awia<br /> <br /> it di C4P d i n vj trf quan trpng cua thdi kl phdn dudi bia, tilp xQc vdi lUng rQa, trang<br /> tuang phdp, tQ dd ddn khdi vl myc dfch, ^ trf hoa vfin sdng nUdc cftch di$u. Mftt sau<br /> nghia eiia vi§c di^ng chQa vft cdng lao to ldn ciia bia, phdn giQa trfin bia d l trShg, khdng<br /> ciia cftc thf chii; gdn nhU cdc tftc gid khdng d l chQ, cfie ehi t i l t khftc trang tri tUdng tu<br /> ddy phdn thuylt If - duygn khdi 16n mQc rafyt trUdc. Hoa vfin trang trf trgn bia tUdng<br /> khai quftt If lu^n nhU cdc bi kf thdi L^. tu cftc vftn bia thdi h^, gdn nhu hoftn toftn<br /> Dilu nfty khiln cho bi kf Ph$t gifio thdi tUdng dflng vdi bia chQa Diin PhQc {CdViit<br /> Trdn mft't di d0 aau sde eua nhQng suy tU thdn DiSn Phuc t{i bi minh). Phdn ddu vfln<br /> trilt hpe Ph^t giao cflng nhU Idgich n$i t^i bia cho bilt vftn bia nfty do Tilt ea'p nhftp<br /> ciia t h i thQe bi kf dupc xfie l§p tQ thdi Li^. ndi thfii tii D 5 Nftng T l cQng vp lft Dftng<br /> Thdm nQa, cftc thf chii dupe d l c§p tdi trong ngQ nUdng di^ng Iftp, cho thdy vfln bia dUdc<br /> bi kf thdi Trdn tuy cung c6 dja vj khft cao di^ng khi DS Nftng T l cdn sing.<br /> trong xft hiji (cd t h i thu^c gidi qu^ t|c, cd V l D 5 Nang Tl, theo ghi ch6p trgn vfin<br /> the lft quan ehQc.) nhUng phdn ldn khdng<br /> bia, dng lft nhfin v$t Ijeh sii sl'ng vfto culi<br /> c6 hufin nghiep Idy IQng nhU cdc nhftn v^t<br /> triiu L^, ddu triiu Trdn, 'Tien khao cua<br /> dupe migu ta trong bi kf thdi hf. Chfnh vi<br /> dng ngUdi d qufin Kinh Tri^u, Ifi'y vp Id eon<br /> thi. sU migu ta nhftn vftt trong cftc bi kl<br /> gfti nhft 10nh tOc hp Trdn, sinh du^c bin<br /> thdi Trdn khdng tUdng tan, chi li va da di^n<br /> ngudi con, ba gfti, mdt trai, [con trai] chinh<br /> nhu d bi kf giai do^n trUdc. Dilu nfty cung<br /> la dng v^y". Tac gia vfin bia migu ta vl Do<br /> khien cho tfnh chtft truygn kf. tilu truydn<br /> Nftng T l mdt cftch het sQc khoa trUdng,<br /> cua cftc bia thdi Trdn cd phdn sdt giam;<br /> rdng dng "Lue nho cd ki tUdng, khi ldn cftng<br /> rigng phdn migu ta canh chQa kha di cdn<br /> giQ dUdc ft nhilu loi viet khoa trUdng, gdn phi phftm. Dang ve dUdng dUdng xult<br /> gui vdi vftn phong ciia bi kf thdi hf. Tuy chung, phong tU nghigm nghi hdn ngUdi...<br /> tiing dUdc Lg Qxif Ddn danh gia la "\\in lokt Oai hQng trQm ddi, khf luc n h i niii. Sdp<br /> chinh te, da giong k h l u khf ngUdi nhft dftt si t i t chinh t l , dieu ddng qufin dpi<br /> Tong" (Kien van tieu luc - Thiin chUOng) nghiem efin. Cd binh chi m^t, nghiSp tUdng<br /> nhUng nhin chung, so vdi giai do^n trUdc. khdng hai... Dfip khdi lang khftp miln bign<br /> but phftp nghg thuftt ciia cac tftc phdm bi kf tfti, di§t giftc dQ du bl'n phUdng trdi", thdng<br /> thdi Trdn da cd sU sut giam dftng k l . Tdc qua dd ngUdi dpc cd t h i nhfin ra dng la mpt<br /> phdm k l thQa m^t cftch khft tron vpn thftnh v5 tudng dQdng thdi, cd huftn nghiep kha<br /> tUu cua bi kf thdi L^ ehfnh la van bia chQa ldn. Chfnh vi vfty, dng du^e Kiln Qu6c dai<br /> Thi^u Long {Dai Vi$t qud'c Binh H^p hUOng vUdng Trdn Tu Khftnh coi trong, "dem con<br /> Thi^u Long tu bi). gfti ddng Ifnh tdc hp Dfing ga cho dng dl<br /> Bia chQa Thi§u Long hign dving t^i chQa k i t Iftm ddi IQa. L^i trao tra'n ldn Bmh Hpp<br /> Thigu Long (cdn gpi la ehQa Mieu), thdn Ml cho dng d l lam dKt thang mdc".<br /> Giang, xa Tam Hi?p, huy§n Phuc Tho, ChQa Thi§u Long tai hUdng Binh Hdp<br /> Thftnh phd" Hft Npi. Bia cao 1,36m, r^ng do dng vft v(? xay dUng, hoftn thftnh vfto<br /> 0,8m, dUdc dftt trgn lUng rQa, khdc chQ 2 ngfty 8 thftng 3 nftm Bfnh TuS^t nign higu<br /> mfit, tieu d l ciia bia khde thftnh 6 hftng Kiln Trung [1226]. Vfin bia khdng ghi nign<br /> dpc; hai bgn tran bia khftc hinh chim d^i nhUng dUa vfto nhilu ylu tl^ khftc nhau,<br /> phUdng, dilm bia hai ben vft phfa trgn cd t h i khdng djnh vftn bia dupe d i ^ g lap<br /> trang tri hinh hoa ciic cd cftc chdm nhd. ngay trong nfim 1226 hoftc sau dd khdng<br /> van bia chQa Thi^u Long ftM Trdn<br /> <br /> Ifiu. Nhu vfty, day Ifi vftn bia dilng vao da trinh bay va ea ngpi cdng cdng lao cua<br /> nhQng nam ddu tien ciia triiu Trdn dong vp ching D 5 Nftng Tl.<br /> thdi lft vfin bia sdm nhft't cua thdi Trdn hifn Do hUdng Binh Hpp lft ft'p thang mdc cua<br /> sQu tdm dupe. Trgn phUdng di^n lich stt Do Nftng Tl, l^i vi dng cd cdng lao ldn vdi<br /> vftn dpng, phftt trien cua t h i loai bi kf tai dia phUdng ndn vl sau vp chdng Dd Nftng<br /> Vigt Nam, day lft tftc p h i m bi kf cua giai T l dupe thd lam thanh hoftng Iftng. Tuy<br /> doan giao thdi L;^ - Trdn. Vfin bia dUpc viit nhign, khi dUpc thd Iftn? thftnh hoftng Iftng,<br /> vdi ngdn ngQ khdng ehi diin nha mft cdn hinh tfch, hanh trang Do Nflng T l cQng vd<br /> bdng bay, giftu hinh anh vft chft't vftn lft Dfing ngu nUdng qua thdn tfch tai dja<br /> chUdng, hoftn toftn khdng sut kdm so vdi<br /> phUdng dft cd biln dii ldn so vdi ghi chdp<br /> cftc bi kf xua't sdc nha't thdi LJ nhU Dai Viet<br /> trong vftn bia ehQa Thi^u Long: tQ ch6 lft<br /> qudc li gia di td de Sung Thiin Dien Linh<br /> nhftn vftt cd that cudi thdi L^ ddu thdi<br /> thdp bi minh hay C^ Viet thdn Diin Phuc<br /> Trdn, Do Nftng t l cUng vd da biln thftnh<br /> tu bi minh.<br /> nhftn v^t thdi Hai Bft TrUng, thftm ehf trd<br /> VI k i t ea'u, bai bi kf chia Iftm 5 phdn thftnh thdy day Hai Bft TrUng. Do vfiy, vigc<br /> chinh: 1. Md ddu Id phdn thuylt li - duydn phign djch toan vfin van bia nay khdng chi<br /> khdi ndi v l sQ di$u huyIn ciia dao, sU hinh<br /> lft gidi thidu mdt tftc phdm bi kf xuft't sde<br /> thdnh t h i gidi, nguygn nhan dUc Phftt<br /> ciia giai doan giao thdi Ly - Trdn ma cdn<br /> giftng thg' thie't Iftp cftc gifto phap dl giae<br /> eung ca'p tai lieu dl tQ dd cd t h i thdy sU<br /> ngd chiing sinh, d i n khi dQc Phftt nhfip<br /> diet, ehuyen sang giai doan tUdng phap; 2. biln doi eiia hinh tUdng nhan vat nay qua<br /> Viet ve nhftn vat Do Nang Te; 3. Viit ve bft cftc tu lieu nign dai muon hdn vft tin niem<br /> Dftng ngQ nUdng - vd Dd Nang Tl; 4. Viit ciia nhan dftn dja phUdng hign nay.<br /> ve viec dUng chQa tQ khi ehpn dft't den khi Sau day lft toftn vftn tac phdm cung<br /> hoftn thftnh; 5. Bfti minh, tong kg't cac phdn phdn phign ftm, dich, chu:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MKft*#: 4i]4n¥illi|. 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