Về một số thủ lĩnh An Nam thời thuộc Đường

n -<br /> VE MOT SO THU LINH AN NAM THOI THUOC DlTONG<br /> <br /> PHAM L 6 HUY'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> qua dd, chung tdi mud'n lam ro tinh cha't<br /> T Q trUde de'n nay, phan ldn cae<br /> nghien cQu ve ehinh tri thdi ky Bae<br /> thudc thudng tap trung vao viee khae hga<br /> eat cQ-tU tri dia phQdng, qua trinh xay<br /> dung, p h a t trien va bao toan iQc iQdng cua<br /> nhQng cudc nd'i day cua ngUdi Viet chdng tang Idp thii linh dia phUdng trdng giai<br /> lai ach thd'ng tri ciia phong kien Trung ddan nay.<br /> Quo'c. Tuy nhien, ne'u quan sat lieh sQ nhu 1. Ve t h i i l i n h D o A n h S a c h ••»<br /> la mgt ddng chay lien tuc, ehung ta tha'y<br /> rang trong nhieu giai doan, da cd mdt sd' Thu linh dia phudng dau tien ma chung<br /> thu ITnh dia phUdng ra lam viec eho bd may tdi mud'n de cap trong bai viet nay la Do<br /> thd'ng tri eua chinh quyen dd hd. Dd'i vdi Anh Sach. Lien quan de'n Do Anh Sach,<br /> nhQng trudng hdp nay, khdng the vdi vang chung ta ed dUde nhQng thdng tin rat qui<br /> danh gia hg khdng yeu nUde hay thieu tinh gia tQ Man thU, mdt nguon sQ lieu ed gia tri<br /> t h i n tii chu. Bd qua nghien cQu ve nhQng cao ve tinh hinh An Nam cudi the ky VIII,<br /> thii linh dang nay, se khd ed dugc eai nhin dau the ky IX. N h u chung ta da biet, Phan<br /> toan dien va thiic te ve ca'u true ehinh tri- Xude, tac gia Man thU, vd'n la lieu thudc<br /> xa hgi dUdng thdi, ddng thdi eung khdng eiia An Nam Dd hd Sai Tap, sang An Nam<br /> the li giai dugc mach ngam tdn tai va phat nam Ham Thdng 3 (862). Sau khi phu<br /> trien cua cae the liic dia phQdng ma sau t h a n h dd hd tha't thu vao tay quan dgi Nam<br /> nay se ddng vai trd quan trgng dQa da't Chie'u thang Gieng n a m Ham Thdng 4,<br /> nudc thoat khdi nghin nam Bie thudc. P h a n Xudc da dd'e sQc hoan t h a n h 10 quyen<br /> Man thu, nhd Tudng Chau Tie't do ap nha<br /> Ngoai ra, trong cae nghien cQu trUdc la TrUdng Thu T r u n g dang len hoang de<br /> day, cdc nguon tU lieu ngoai chinh sQ nha Dudng.<br /> nhung cd do tin cay cao nhu Man thU,<br /> Dudng hgi yeu, Tu tri thdng giam, nguon Silliexil: Man thu, (^.9(1).<br /> tai lieu kim thach van cung chUa dugc khai<br /> [Trudc day] Trieu dinh sai sQ den Van<br /> thac mgt each triet de.<br /> Nam, Nam Chie'u thudng nghenh tie'p, tien<br /> Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi ed' ging sQ gia ra ngoai xa. Nhieu nam trd lai day,<br /> tan dung cae nguon tU lieu tren de tim hieu do trQdng lai hai da't Ung, Giao ha khac<br /> boat ddng eua mgt so' thu linh dia phUdng tan bao, tii y gie't ngUdi vd tgi, lam chung<br /> thdi thuge Dudng, dac biet la thu linh eac Man de'n cao oan [vdi N a m Chie'u], nhan dd<br /> ehau ki mi mien nui va trung du trong giai Nam Chie'u thudng de'n danh cUdp. T h i n<br /> doan cud'i the ky VIII, d i u the ky IX. Thdng [Phan Xudc] phue mong hoang de trUng<br /> <br /> ' Th.S. Khoa Ddng Phudng hoc - DHKHXH&NV - DHQGHN<br /> Ve milt s6 fhiS linh ?In Ham... 47<br /> <br /> <br /> phat dai quan, khdi phue lai da't eu. 34 the lue. Doan ghi chep cua Man thu cho<br /> chau ki mi thudc quan ly eua Dung ehau chung ta biet trong thdi gian lam An Nam<br /> Kinh lUdc sQ phuc xin de An Nam Dai thii Dd hd Kinh lUdc Chieu thao sQ, Trieu<br /> linh lam thQ sQ, Vu Dinh chau xin de Dai XUdng da ca't n h i c Dd Anh Sach tQ mgt<br /> thu linh lam trQdng lai. TrUdc day, cae ddi vien Dd ap nha len de'n chQc Chieu thao<br /> Kinh luge sQ thudng niem tinh than thudc, Phd sQ. Theo Tdn Dudng thU (Q.49 Ha,<br /> ta'u xin cho hgn nguyen tung, ap nha lam Bach quan chi), Chieu thao sQ n i m giQ viec<br /> thQ sQ, t h i n e r i n g khdng d'n. Than [Phan "ehinh phat" ("nguyen suy, dd thd'ng, chieu<br /> XQde] trdm biet, ed'An Nam tien Tie't do sQ thao sQ chudng ehinh phat" (3). Ve mat<br /> Trieu Xudng, sQa sang viec Giad Chi td'ng quan sil, cd the ndi chQe vu eua Dd Anh<br /> cdng 13 nam, den nay van de lai long ai Sach ehi dflng sau minh Trieu Xudng trong<br /> ngudng ndi eac bae bd lao, lam cho trong edi ehinh quyen dd hd.<br /> vd sii. Khi dd, [Trieu Xudng] la'y Dd ap nha<br /> Ngoai chQe Chieu thao Phd sQ, Do Anh<br /> Dd Anh Sach lam Chieu thao Phd sQ, "nhap<br /> Sach cdn lam "nhap vien phan an". Trong<br /> vien phan an", moi thang ca'p cho lUdng<br /> cac tQ lieu ve he thd'ng quan ehe ddi Dudng<br /> tien 70 quan; la'y "ky khaeh" TrQdng Chu<br /> cdn lai ngay nay, khdng thay nhac de'n chQc<br /> lam An Nam Kinh luge Phan quan, sau lai<br /> danh "nhap vien phan an" (4). Tuy nhien,<br /> cQ TrUdng Chu lam Dd hd. TQ khi Ly<br /> theo Khang Hy tii dien, mdt trong cac<br /> Tudng Cd' nham chQc An Nam Kinh lude<br /> nghia cua "vien" la chi dinh quan ("quan<br /> sQ, tQ y tham lam tan hai, d i n de'n viec<br /> giai viet vien" (5). Thdi Dudng, tri sd cua<br /> dgng binh. Tie'p dd lai cd Ly Trae hao sat,<br /> Tie't do sfl dUdc ggi la "sfl vien". Vi du, Td<br /> lam cho sinh linh chiu hai. Ne'u khdng phai<br /> tri thdng giam (Q.257, Dudng ky, Hy Tdng)<br /> do ngudi trudng lai, thi lam sao cd chuyen<br /> vie't: "Sfl vien, Tie't dd sfl ty quan thudc tri<br /> ngudi ta lam can.<br /> sU chi sd" (6), tfle la "Sfl vien la ndi tri sU<br /> Trong doan ghi chep d tren, danh gia ciia cac quan thuge quyen quan ly cua Tiet<br /> chi'nh sach cai tri ciia nha Dudng tai An do sfl". Trong khi dd, tQ ddi Dudng Tuc<br /> Nam, Phan Xudc nhan xet: dd'i vdi cac ehau Tdng (756-762), An Nam Kinh lUde sQ da<br /> ki mi, eac ddi Kinh lUdc sQ trd ve trUdc dUdc dat thanh mdt Tie't do sQ ("An Nam<br /> thudng xin trieu dinh phong eho hgn tuy kinh ludc sQ vi tie't do sfl, linh Giao Luc<br /> tung than can (nguyen tung), ap nha lam dang thap nhi chau" (7). Do vay, tri sd cua<br /> thQ sQ. Phan Xudc cho rang day la mdt An Nam Kinh iQdc sQ cung cd the ggi la "sQ<br /> nguyen nhan gay ra tinh hinh ba't d'n. De so vien", ed the hieu "nhap vien" ehi viee vao<br /> sanh, Phan Xudc neu len trudng hdp cua lam viee tai tri sd cua An Nam Kinh iQdc<br /> An Nam Dd hd Trieu Xudng. Trieu Xudng sQ, tQc phu thanh dd hd.<br /> la vien dd hd ndi tie'ng da cai tri An Nam vd<br /> su trong sud't 13 nam. Theo Phan Xude, dd Mat khdc, "phan an" ddi DQdng chi cac<br /> mgt p h i n la nhd viec Trieu XUdng da biet gia'y td do phan quan, ehflc quan dQng thQ<br /> trgng dung mdt vien Dd ap nha la Dd Anh ba trong he thdng tQ dang quan (trudng<br /> Sach. quan, thdng phan quan, phan quan, chii<br /> dien) ddng da'u. Vi du, sach Dudng lugt sd<br /> Theo Tdn Dudng thit (Liet truyen,<br /> nghi ed viet;<br /> Q.129), Do Anh Sach vd'n la mdt "khe dgng<br /> hao" (2), tQc la mdt thu linh mien nui ed SQ lieu 2: Dudng lugt sd nghi, Q.15,<br /> 4a Rghien ciJru Lich sit, so 9.2009<br /> <br /> <br /> Dieu 213 (8). quan (10), An Nam Phd dd hd, Kinh iQOc<br /> Phd sQ. NhQ vay la dudi quyen Kinh iQdc<br /> Pham giam lam ehu t h u [quan trdng coi<br /> Chieu thao sfl Trieu Xudng, TrUdng Chu va<br /> eua cdng] ma la'y ciia cdng eho vay viec tU,<br /> Dd Anh Sach, mdt ngudi lam Kinh lUdc Phd<br /> ne'u ngudi eho vay va ngUdi vay khdng cd<br /> sQ, mdt ke lam Chieu thao Phd sQ. Mdi quan<br /> "van k f thi luan [hinh phat] theo tdi<br /> he vdi TrUdng Chu trong thdi ky nay giup<br /> "cudp". Ne'u ed "van k f thi luan [hinh phat]<br /> Do Anh Sach tie'p tuc thang tie'n sau nay.<br /> chuan theo tdi "cUdp". "Van k f tQc la loai<br /> gia'y td ki t i t . Ne'u cd lap "phan an" thi Thang 4 nam Nguyen Hda nguyen nien<br /> giam 2 cap. (806), dUdc sii tie'n cQ cua Trieu XUdng,<br /> Kinh lUde phd sQ TrUdng Chu dUdc thang<br /> Ngudi dUdc cho vay ne'u khdng cd kha lam An Nam Dd hd, ban quan Kinh lUdc sQ,<br /> nang boi thudng thi thu eua vien quan da thay the che Trieu XUdng luc nay dUde nha<br /> ddng da'u, ky cho vay. Viec vay cua cdng d Dudng thuyen chuyen lam Quang ehau<br /> dieu luat ben dudi eung theo each lam nay. ThQ sQ, Linh Nam Tiet do sQ (11). Dudi<br /> thdi TrUdng Chu, Dd Anh Sach tie'p tuc<br /> Sd ban: quan coi eiia cdng ma lay eua<br /> dUde thang lam An Nam Dd tri Binh ma sQ<br /> edng eho vay, "ngUdi dUde cho vay ne'u<br /> kiem ap nha. An Nam Phd dd hd. Nhu vay,<br /> khdng cd kha nang bdi thudng" tQc la<br /> Dd Anh Sach tie'p tue dUde trgng dung dUdi<br /> [ngUdi dugc cho vay] khdng cd vat de nop<br /> thdi Dd hg TrUdng Chu, trd t h a n h ngudi cd<br /> tra lai thi se thu eua vien quan da ddng<br /> quyen liic so' hai trong bg may cai tri eiia<br /> da'u, ky cho vay. "Phan an" tQc la loai [gia'y<br /> nha Dudng d An Nam.<br /> td] eua phdn quan, "thu an" tQc la loai [gia'y<br /> td] eua ehu dien va giam sii. Sii lieu 3: Dudng hgi yeu, Q.73, An Nam<br /> Dd hd phii (12).<br /> Nhu vay, theo Dudng lugt sd nghi, trong<br /> Thdng 8 n a m Nguyen Hda 4 [809], An<br /> he thd'ng phap luat ddi Dudng, "phan an" la<br /> Nam Dd hg [TrUdng Chu] ta'u; pha quan<br /> thuat ngQ chi loai gia'y td cua phan quan.<br /> Hoan Vudng nguy hieu la ai chau Dd thdng<br /> Dd Anh Sach nhu vay da vao phuc vir trong<br /> hdn 30 van ngUdi, bat dUdc vUdng tQ 59<br /> tri sd eiia An Nam Dd hd (nhap vien), ddng<br /> ngudi, khi gidi, chie'n thuyen, voi chie'n.<br /> thdi dUde Trieu Xudng tin nhiem giad cho<br /> Thang 9 nam a'y, hgn An Nam Dd tri Binh<br /> phu trach cae loai gia'y td tUdng dUdng vdi<br /> ma sQ kiem dp nha An Nam Phd dd hg Do<br /> chQe phan quan, moi thang ca'p cho 70<br /> Anh Sach 50 ngudi lam ban ta'u len trieu<br /> quan tien lUdng.<br /> dinh neu chinh tich cua ban quan Kinh<br /> Trong thdi gian phuc vu d phii thanh, luge Chieu thao xii tri dang sQ kiem An<br /> Dd Anh Sach da xay diing dUdc md'i quan Nam Dd hd TrUdng Chu ke tQ khi den<br /> he vdi cae quan lai ngUdi Han dudi quyen nham chQc. An N a m La t h a n h trQdc day do<br /> Trieu Xudng, dac biet vdi mdt nhan vat ten Kinh iQ^lc sQ TrQdng Ba Nghi dap. Khi dd,<br /> la TrUdng Chu. Thee Man thii (din d tren), tram hg gidng n h u giac cUdp, [thanh] ehi<br /> TrUdng Chu vd'n la mdt thiic khaeh ("ky cao ed ma'y thudc, lai r i t chat hep. TQ khi<br /> khaeh") eua Trieu XUdng. Theo md ehi eiia TrUdng Chu de'n n h a m chQc, n h a n sau lue<br /> TrUdng Chu do Liiu Tdng Nguyen viet (9), ndng nhan, ta'u xin xay ca't t h a n h hien nay.<br /> dudi quyen Trieu Xudng, TrUdng Chu da [Lude 1 doan] Ddi Kinh lUdc sQ Bui Thai<br /> kinh qua eac chQe An Nam Kinh ludc t u i n trudc day t h a n h tri Hoan, Ai bi Hoan<br /> vi raO^ s6 IhiS linh fin Ram... 49<br /> <br /> VUdng Cdn Ldn thieu buy chay trui ca. TQ nhQng thay dd'i tieh cue nay, nam Nguyen<br /> sau khi TrUdng Chu de'n nham chQc, nam Hda 8 (813), TrUdng Chu da danh bai quan<br /> trQdc xay thanh Hoan ehau, nam ngoai dap dgi Hdan vUdng (theo ban ta'u thi quan sd'<br /> thanh Ai ehau. Thdi Bui Thai, khdng giQ len de'n 30 van), khdi phuc lai hai chau<br /> quan thanh, trong quan ma't mat het khi Hoan, Ai da bi Hoan Vudng danh chiem<br /> gidi. Trieu Xudng de'n nham chQo khdng dudi thdi Dd hd Bui Thai. Viec Do Anh<br /> dude bao lau lai quay ve nhan chQc d Sach dflng ten trong ban ta'u ca ngdi edng<br /> Quang ehau. TQ khi TrUdng Chu de'n nham tieh cua TrUdng Chu chd tha'y md'i quan he<br /> chQc, eac dao xin de'n mua ban, moi thang khang khit giQa hai nhan vat nay. Tuy cd<br /> che tao 8 nghin khi gidi. Bdn nam trd lai the cd nhQng diem khoa trQdng nhUng ban<br /> day, td'ng edng lam dQdc hdn 40 van. O hai ta'u nay it nhieu eung phan anh dUde<br /> ben ta hQu Dai sanh, lap Giap trQdng lau nhQng thay dd'i ldn d An Nam dQdi thdi<br /> 40 gian de ca't giQ [khi gidi], Khi giac rd An TrQdng Chu, ma phia sau dd, chung ta ed<br /> Nam de'n cQdp, khd ldi ve mat chie'n da'u. the tudng dinh duge sii ho trd khdng nhd<br /> [Vi] TrUde day chie'n thuyen cd khdng qua eua Dd Anh Sach, vdi tU each la mdt vien<br /> mudi may chie'c, lai ra't cham chap, khdng Phd dd hg.<br /> the tie'p can dUde thuyen giac. TrUdng Chu Sau TrUdng Chu, ehiing ta cdn tha'y Dd<br /> tu minh sang ehe ra Mdng ddng thuyen Anh Sach da phuc vu dudi trudng cua* An<br /> hdn 400 chie'c. Mdi thuyen cd 25 linh, 32 Nam Dd hd Bui Hanh Lap. Theo Ciiu<br /> tay cheo, 1 co may nd, 1 ed ludng cung no. Dudng thu (Ban ky, Q.15, Tuyen Tdng ha),<br /> Mai cheo dUa ra tQ trong thuyen, khi mudn Bui Hanh Lap dUde cQ sang lam An Nam<br /> quay thuyen thi [tay cheo] quay lung lai, di Dd hd, ban quan Kinh lUdc Chieu thao sQ<br /> lai nhu bay. Sac ehi lenh chuyen ban ta'u nam Nguyen Hda 8 (813). Tdn Dudng thU<br /> cho sd ty. (Liet truyen, Q.129) chep khi mgt ngQdi<br /> Theo ban ta'u len trieu dinh nha Dudng Lam Ap ten la L^ Lae Sdn lam phan Hoan<br /> cua Phd Dd hd Do Anh Sach vao thang 9 Vudng de'n cau vien binh, de l i y ldng Hoan<br /> nam Nguyen Hda 4 (809), sau khi tie'p VUdng, Hanh Lap da sai "bd tUdng" Do Anh<br /> quan chQc An Nam Dd hd, TrUdng Chu da Sach chem Ly Lac Sdn (13).<br /> tie'n hanh nhieu eai each nham cung cd' Qua cac ngudn tU lieu neu tren, ed the<br /> chinh quyen dd hd. Nhan lue ndng nhan, tha'y Do Anh Sach la mdt thu linh dia<br /> TrUdng Chu cho xay mdi thanh Dai La, xay phudng da lam viec cho ba ddi dd hg, cd<br /> diing lai hai thanh Hoan chau va Ai chau nhQng luc da nam dUdc chQc Phd Dd hd d<br /> vd'n bi Hoan vQdng (Lam Ap) pha huy dudi An Nam Dd hd phu. Tren cd sd nhQng<br /> thdi Dd hd Bui Thdi. Ve mat quan sii, theo thdng tin dd, chung tdi dac biet chu y den<br /> Do Anh Sach, tQ khi de'n nham chQc, ndi dung bai minh khae tren chudng Thanh<br /> TrUdng Chu da cho che tao mdi thang 8000 Mai. Theo chung tdi, ngudn tQ lieu kim<br /> khi trugng, dong thdi xay dilng mgt ddi thach van nay ed the eung ca'p cho ehung ta<br /> binh thuyen sQ dung loai thuyen chie'n mdi them mdt sd thdng tin ve Do Anh Sach.<br /> la "Mdng dong thuyen". Mdi thuyen mdng NhQ chung ta da biet, chudng Thanh<br /> ddng ed 25 linh, 32 tay cheo, dugc trang bi Mai dUdc phat hien d do sau 3,5m tai d bai<br /> mgt CO may nd ("xa no"), mdt co "ludng eung Rdng, ven sdng Day, thudc thdn Thanh<br /> no", cd kha nang ed ddng cao. Nhd vao Mai, huyen Thanh Dai, tinh Ha Tay (nay la<br /> 50 Rghifin ciru Lich silf, sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> Ha Ndi) vao thang 5 nam 1986. Bai minh Quay trd lai vdi n h a n vat 'T)5 Anh"<br /> tren chudng Thanh Mai la ngudn tU lieu trong bai minh chudng T h a n h Mai, tuy chQ<br /> kim thach van hien cdn cd' thQ hai d Viet cud'i cung trong hg ten bi md khdng edn dgc<br /> Nam (sau bia Dai Tuy CQu Chan quan Bao dQdc (16), nhung can cQ vao vai trd eua Do<br /> An dao trang lap nam 618). Ban dap do Anh Sdch dQdi thdi Trieu XQdng, cd nhieu<br /> Dinh Khie Thuan dap hien nay dUde luu kha nang n h a n vat "Do Anh" ehinh la Do<br /> giQ tai Vien nghien cQu Han Ndm vdi ky Anh Sach. Ne'u gia thuye't nay la dung,<br /> hieu 30270. Bai minh ehe biet ngay 30 ehung ta ed them mdt sd' thdng tin ve Dd<br /> thang 3 nam Trinh Nguyen 14 (798), 53 Anh Sach. TrQdc khi dQdc Trieu Xudng bd'<br /> thanh vien eua mgt td ehflc ggi la "Tuy Hi nhiem lam Chieu thao Phd sQ, Dd Anh<br /> xa" da tie'n hanh due qua ehuong ddng Sach da kinh qua chQc Kinh lUde Tien<br /> nang 90 can de cung le. Bai minh liet ke phong Binh ma sQ. Dd Anh Sdch edn la ehi<br /> ten hg cua ea thay 243 ngUdi, bao gdm cae huy (Dd tri Binh ma sQ) mdt phien hieu<br /> thanh vien cua Tuy Hi xa eung nhu nhQng quan ggi la "NghTa quan". Ten ggi "NghTa<br /> ngudi ngodi xa da ddng gdp de due chudng. quan" lam chung t a khdng khdi lien he den<br /> Trong sd' ten ngudi k h i e tren chudng, "NghTa doanh", mdt ten ggi quan dia<br /> chung tdi dac biet luu y de'n nhan vat sau:<br /> phUdng dQdi thdi DQdng. Theo Tdn DUdng<br /> Kinh iQde tien phong Binh ma sfl, NghTa thu (Liet truyen, Q.224 ha), dUdi quyen<br /> quan Dd tri Binh ma sfl, tien nhie'p Ai ehau Cao Bien ngoai quan ehinh qui ("quan<br /> Thfl sQ, Trieu nghi lang, Sfl tri tie't Trudng quan") edn ed quan "nghia doanh", "hUdng<br /> ehau ChQ quan sQ, thu Trudng ehau ThQ doan" ("lieu chie'u Bien lieu quan quan,<br /> sQ, huu thii Quan ehau Du bdn sQ, ThUdng nghTa doanh, hUdng doan" (17)). Ngoai ra,<br /> tru qud'c, tfl tQ kim ngu dai Do Anh (14). ne'u tham khao chQc "Thd' quan Binh ma<br /> sQ" ciia Do Tdn T h a n h (se trinh bay d p h i n<br /> TrQdc tien, c i n iQu y r i n g bai minh dUdc sau), nhieu kha nang NghTa quan la mgt<br /> khie vao nien hieu Trinh Nguyen 14 (798), ddn vi quan ban bd eua Do Anh Sach.<br /> tQc la trong thdi ky Trieu Xudng lam An<br /> Nam Dd hd. Nhu chung ta da biet, Trieu TQ ngi dung bai minh, cd the suy ra thdi<br /> Xudng lam An Nam Dd hd td'ng cdng 13 diem Dd Anh Sach dQdc phong lam An<br /> nam, duge chia lam hai giai doan. Giai doan Nam Chieu thao Phd sQ. Nd phai mugn hdn<br /> d i u keo dai 9 nam, b i t d i u tQ thang 7 nam thdi diem due chudng T h a n h Mai, tQc la<br /> Trinh Nguyen 7 de'n thang 5 nam Trinh sau thang 3 nam Trinh Nguyen 14 (798)<br /> Nguyen 18, sau dd vi dau chan nen Trieu (18). Ngoai ra, bai minh cung ca'p mdt sd<br /> XUdng xin nghi va dUdc thay the bdi Tu bd can cQ giiip tra ldi eau hdi Do Anh Sach la<br /> Vien ngoai lang Bui Thai. Sau khi Bui Thai thii ITnh d dia phUdng nad. Theo bai minh,<br /> that bai trong ehinh sach cai tri d An Nam Dd Anh Sach cd lien quan de'n ba dia<br /> (bi mdt vien nha tudng la Vudng Qui phUdng la Ai chau, Trudng ehau va Quan<br /> Nguyen dud'i khdi phu thanh, sau phai nhd chau. Tuy nhien, theo chung tdi, chae b i n<br /> Ta binh ma sfl Tiieu Quan giet Vudng Qui Do Anh Sach la thu iTnh d khu vUc TrUdng<br /> Nguyen mdi quay lai dugc phu dd hd) (15), chau, thuge dia phan Ninh Binh ngay nay.<br /> thang 3 nam Trinh Nguyen 20, Trieu Xudng Dd la vi:<br /> lai dugc cQ sang lam An Nam Dd hg dUdc 2<br /> Thit nhat, chQc vu "Ai ehau ThQ sQ" cua<br /> nam roi giao lai chQe Dd hd cho TrUdng Chu.<br /> Dd Anh Sach chi la chQe vu kiem nhiem<br /> Ve mSf 56 thii linh Kn Ram... 51<br /> <br /> ("nhie'p"). Ngoai Ai ehau va TrQdng chau, Dd Anh<br /> Sach cdn lam Du bdn sfl cho Quan ehau.<br /> ThU hai, trong bd'n chQc vu cua Do Anh<br /> Theo Tdn Dudng thU, Q.43 ha, Ki mi chau,<br /> Sach, chung ta tha'y Do Anh Sach n i m hai<br /> Quan chau eung la mdt chau ki mi thudc<br /> ehflc lien quan tnic tie'p de'n viec cai quan<br /> An Nam dd hg phu. Theo Nguyen hda qudn<br /> Trudng ehau la "SQ tri tie't TrQdng chau<br /> huyen chi, Q.38 thi Quan chau nam d phia<br /> Chu quan sii" va "TrUdng chau ThQ sQ".<br /> Ddng Nam phu thanh, each khoang 195 ly.<br /> Trong khi dd, TrUdng ehau lai la mdt ddn vi<br /> Do dd, nhieu kha nang Quan ehau la mgt<br /> hanh ehinh kha dac biet. Nguyen hoa qudn<br /> ehau ki mi n i m ben canh TrUdng chau.<br /> huyen chi khi giai thich ve huyen Nam<br /> Dinh thudc Giao chau da cung ca'p eho Diia vao nhQng diem neu tren, ed the<br /> chung ta mdt sd' thdng tin ve Trudng chau suy doan rang Do Anh Sdch la mdt thii iTnh<br /> nhu sau: dia phUdng cd the lue d TrQdng ehau, do dd<br /> mdi dUdc Trieu Xudng phong lam TrUdng<br /> SQ lieu 4: Nguyen hoa qudn huyen chi,<br /> chau ThQ sQ, dong thdi Trieu Xudng cung<br /> Q.38 (19).<br /> mud'n ldi dung anh hudng eua Dd Anh Sach<br /> Huyen Nam Dinh (hang trung-ha, di ve de kiem soat cdc khu vQc lan can, trong dd<br /> phia Ddng Bae 60 ly de'n phu thanh). cd Quan chau. Ve vi tri dia ly ciia TrUdng<br /> chau, ehung toi tan thanh quan diem ciia<br /> Nguyen la da't huyen Luy Lau ddi Han.<br /> Thien Dinh Dang Xuan Bang va GS. Dao<br /> Nam Trinh Nguyen 7 (791) dat Nam Dinh<br /> Duy Anh cho r i n g TrUdng ehau nam d khu<br /> huyen d day. Cuu Nam Dinh huyen hien<br /> vQc Ninh Binh ngay nay. Nhu hai hge gia<br /> gid tai vi tri each kim huyen hdn 200 ly ve<br /> da trich d i n , theo sach Ttj.c tU tri thong<br /> phia Ddng Nam, canh chau ki mi TrQdng<br /> giam trudng bien (Q.31, Td'ng Thai Tdng)<br /> chau. (Ciiu huyen Nam Dinh) bi bd sau<br /> (21), thdi Tien Le, sfl gia nha Td'ng la Td'ng<br /> nam Khai Nguyen 10.<br /> Cao khi di sQ sang nude ta da di dudng<br /> Nhu vay, huyen Nam Dinh duge dat thuy qua cQa sdng Bach Ding vao ndi dia,<br /> nam Trinh Nguyen 7 (791) vd'n la da't Luy sau dd de'n Trudng chau n i m gin kinh dd<br /> Lau ddi Han, "cUu huyen Nam Dinh" thi Hoa Lu cua Le Hoan (22).<br /> nam d phia Ddng Nam "kim huyen" hdn<br /> TQ cac ngudn tU lieu ndi tren, chung ta<br /> 200 ly, canh ehau ki mi Trudng chau. Theo<br /> cd the tha'y Dd Anh Sach trUde het la mdt<br /> dd, chiing ta biet dUde r i n g mudn nha't la<br /> tu trUdng dia phudng cd the lUc, dae biet la<br /> tdi dau nien hieu Nguyen Hda (20), Trudng<br /> ve mat quan sii. Dieu dd the' hien qua vi tri<br /> chau da trd thanh mdt chau ki mi, khdng<br /> cila Dd Anh Sach trong chinh quyen dd hg<br /> cdn chiu sU quan ly true tie'p eua chinh<br /> nhu Chieu thao Phd sQ, Tien phong binh<br /> quyen dd hd. Mat khdc, doan ghi chep eua<br /> ma sfl, NghTa quan Dd tri Binh ma sfl, bd<br /> Man thu d i n cl d i u bai viet gian tie'p eho<br /> tudng... Chung ta can nhd ring, sau khi<br /> chiing ta tha'y An Nam Dd hd Trieu Xudng<br /> nham ehflc Dd hg, Trieu Xudng mdt mat<br /> CO xu hudng sQ dung cdc thii ITnh dia<br /> phai d'n dinh tinh hinh An Nam sau khdi<br /> phudng lam thQ sQ cho cac chau ki mi. Do<br /> nghTa Phung Hung, mdt mat phai giai<br /> dd, neu Dd Anh Sach lam thQ sQ d Trudng<br /> quye't va'n de Nam Chie'u (23), vien Dd hd<br /> chau thi ed nhieu kha nang Do Anh Sach la<br /> tiep theo la TrUdng Chu phai ddi phd vdi<br /> mgt thu linh cd the' iQc d khu vile nay.<br /> the luc Lam Ap d phia Nam. Trong bdi<br /> 52 Rghien cuu Lich siif, su 9.2009<br /> <br /> canh loan lae n h u vay, cac vien Dd hd nha sQc m a n h cua chinh quyen dd hd, mat khac<br /> Dudng hien nhien phai tan dung liic lUdng day cung la mot hinh thQc giam sat de<br /> quan sQ eiia cac thu ITnh dia phUdng nhU kiem che the liic cua hg.<br /> Do Anh sach de ciing ed' bd may eai tri ciia<br /> 2. Ve thii l i n h D o A n h H a n va nhiJng<br /> minh. Trong qua trinh dd. Do Anh Sach da<br /> nhan vat Do Anh khac<br /> dUde trieu ve phu t h a n h de lam viee. Ve<br /> diem nay, ehung ta eung n h a n tha'y sii Tren day, chung tdi da lam ro xuat than<br /> tQdng ddng vdi trQdng hdp eua cac thu ITnh cung n h u hoat ddng eua Do Anh Sach, mgt<br /> Pham Dinh Chi va Dudng Thanh. thii ITnh dia phQdng d An Nam cudi the ky<br /> VIII, d i u the ky IX. Cung vdi Dc Anh Sach,<br /> Pham Dinh Chi la mgt tu trQdng mien ehung tdi mud'n iQu y de'n sQ tdn tai eua<br /> nui (khe ddng hao) dQdc Dd hd Bui Hanh mdt so' ngQdi cd hg ten mang chQ Dd Anh<br /> Lap sQ dung cQng thdi vdi Do Anh Sach. sd'ng cung thdi. TrQdc tien, bai minh tren<br /> Pham Dinh Chi thudng xin Bui Hanh Lap chudng T h a n h Mai eho chung ta biet ngoai<br /> nghi phdp (hUu muc) (24) nhUng khdng Do Anh Sach cdn cd mdt n h a n vat nQa cung<br /> quay lai dung hen. Sau nhieu l i n nhU vay, cd ten Do Anh la Do Anh Cudng. Ngoai ra,<br /> Bui Hanh Lap la'y quan phap xQ phat, dem ngay trUdc thdi ky Do Anh Saeh boat dgng,<br /> giet Pham Dinh Chi, sau dd lai chgn trong chung ta bie't r i n g cd mgt n h a n vat ten la<br /> sd hgn til de cua Dinh Chi mdt ngUdi de Do Anh Han da t h a m gia cuge khdi nghTa<br /> thay the. Qua dd, ehiing ta biet dUde rang Phung Hung.<br /> da cd sii hdp tdc giQa ddng hg Pham vdi<br /> O day, chung tdi mud'n phan tieh them<br /> chinh quyen dd hd cua Bui Hanh Lap.<br /> ve xuat t h a n va vai trd cua Do Anh Han<br /> Gid'ng nhQ Dd Anh Sach, Pham Dinh Chi<br /> trong cudc khdi nghTa P h u n g Hung. Khi d l<br /> cung hi rang huge phai ed m$t d tri sd cua<br /> cap de'n cudc khdi nghTa P h u n g Hung, cae<br /> An Nam Dd hd (25).<br /> nghien cQu trUdc day thudng ed xu hUdng<br /> Ngoai ra edn cd Dudng Thanh la thu sQ dung ghi chdp cua Dgi Viet sii ky todn<br /> linh dia phUdng ("man tu", "Nam phUdng thu (DVSKTT), dae biet la ban dich ciia<br /> tu hao") da lanh dao cuge nd'i day chdng lai Nxb. Khoa hge xa hgi, qua dd mieu ta Do<br /> Dd hd Ly Tudng Cd' nam Nguyen Hda 14 Anh Han mgt each ra't md n h a t n h u la mgt<br /> (816). Theo chinh sQ Trung Qud'c, trUde khi "ngQdi cung lang" va la mdt quan sQ eiia<br /> cuge phan loan nd' ra, An Nam Dd hd Ly Phung Hung. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh<br /> Tudng Cd' vi "sd" ("ac Thanh chi cudng", thu t h a p tu lieu, chung tdi cho r i n g each<br /> Ciiu Dudng thu, Liet truyen, Q.131) (26), tie'p can n h u vay cd mgt sd va'n de. Thit<br /> "uy ki" ("ki ky hao", Tdn Dudng thU, Liet nhat, khi dieh sang chQ qudc ngQ, lieu ban<br /> truyen, Q.80) (27) the liie eua Dudng dieh eua Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hgi da phan anh<br /> Thanh, luc dd lam Hoan chau ThQ sQ nen bet nhQng thdng tin cua nguyen ban chQ<br /> da trieu T h a n h ve phii t h a n h lam "nha Han cua DVSKTT hay chua. ThU hai,<br /> mdn tudng". Qua trudng hdp eiia Dudng khdng the d i dang sxt dung ghi ch6p ciia<br /> Thanh, ehung ta biet dUdc rang viee eac DVSKTT mdt khi ehua tie'n h a n h phe phan<br /> vien Dd hd nha Dudng dUa cae thu ITnh dia gia tri ve mat sd lieu ciia no tren cd sd so<br /> phUdng ve phii t h a n h cd 2 muc di'eh: mgt sanh vdi cae ngudn tQ lieu cd' hdn la Viit<br /> mat chung mud'n ldi dung uy tin va anh dien u linh tap (VDUL) cung nhu cac<br /> hudng cua cae thu iTnh nay de tSng eudng nguon tai lieu Trung Qudc.<br /> Ve mgt sg Ihii ITnh Rn Ram.. 53<br /> <br /> <br /> Ve gia tri sQ lieu eua VDUL, tuy eac ban Trieu eong Giao Chdu ky ve mat nien dai<br /> VDUL cdn lai ngay nay deu da trai qua qua khdng mau thuan vdi nhQng ndi dung ma<br /> trinh bien soan het sQc phQc tap, nhUng it chung ta biet dUde ve tai lieu nay. Hi^n tai,<br /> nha't vao thdi diem hien nay, cae hoc gia ehiing ta bie't dUde rang Trieu cong Giao<br /> deu thd'ng nhat r i n g truyen Bd' Cai Dai chdu ky viet ve cac sii kien xay ra dudi eac<br /> VUdng la mdt trong nhQng truyen gd'c do Ly nien hieu VTnh Huy (truyen than Bach Hac<br /> Te' Xuyen bien soan vao ddi T r i n (28). - Trung due vu phu uy linh vUdng, VDUL;<br /> Khae vdi mgt sd truyen sQ dung ngudn tU chudng Bach Hac thdng thien quan), Trinh<br /> lieu t h i n pha, Ly Te' Xuyen da viet truyen Nguyen (truyen Bd Cai dai vUdng, VDUL)<br /> Bd Cai Dai Vudng tren cd sd mdt ngudn tai nha Dudng, tQc la trUde hoae eung thdi vdi<br /> lieu la Trieu cdng Giao chdu ky hoae Trieu Trieu Xudng.<br /> vUdng Giao chdu ky (29). Sach Giao chau Thit hai, trdng dieu kien tU lieu hien<br /> ky cua dng hg Trieu (Trieu cdng) khdng nay, chung ta chi xac dinh dUde duy nha't<br /> cdn, nbUng qua bai minh tren qua chudng mdt nhan vat hg Trieu cd sach viet ve Giao<br /> Bach Hac Thdng thien quan do dao sy Hfla chau la Trieu Xudng. Them vao dd, viec ggi<br /> Tdng Dao soan nam Dai Khanh 8 (1239), mdt vien Dd hg nha Dudng la "Trieu vUdng"<br /> chung ta biet r i n g Trieu cong Giao chdu ky eung khdng ed gi mau t h u i n . Chie'u ddi dd<br /> la mdt eudn sach kha phd' bie'n vao thdi ciia Ly Cdng Uan eung ggi Cao Bien la<br /> Trin. Ve tdc gia Trieu edng, Le HQu Muc "Cao VUdng".<br /> da dUa ra mgt gia thuye't ra't dang chu y.<br /> Thd ba, ed the tham khao trUdng hdp<br /> Can cQ vao ghi chep sau eiia Viet sii: thong<br /> Tang cdng Giao chdu ky. Ngdai Trieu cdng<br /> gidm cUdng muc (VSTGCM) (thiic te la<br /> Giao chdu ky, trong 'VDUL, Ly Te Xuyen<br /> trich lai tQ An Nam ky ye'u hay An Nam chi<br /> edn sQ dirng sach Giao chdu ky cua Tang<br /> ciia Cao Hung TrUng), Le HQu Mue eho<br /> cdng. Trong trudng hdp nay, ed the xac<br /> rang Trieu cdng Giao Chdu ky chinh la<br /> dinh chi'nh xac Tang cdng la An Nam Dd hd<br /> sach Phu chi (30) do An Nam Dd hd Trieu<br /> Tang Cdn, vi Viet sU lUdc cd ch^p Tang Cdn<br /> Xudngsoan (31). soan 1 thien Giao ehau ky. Nhu vky, chung<br /> SQ lieu 5: Khdm dinh Viet sit thong ta bie't dude r i n g trdng eac thu vien thdi<br /> gidm cUdng muc, Q.4. T r i n van edn luu giQ dUde mdt sdcud'n sach<br /> ciia cac vien An Nam Dd hg ddi Dudng.<br /> Theo sach An Nam ky yeu, ba'y gid Giao<br /> Ngoai ra, cung e i n luu y rang sach Giao<br /> chau ehua yen, Trieu Xudng de'n ndi, vd ve<br /> chdu ky cua Tang Cdn eung xuat phat tQ<br /> phu du, ldng dan mdi yen. Trieu Xudng sai<br /> mgt tai lieu thuge dang ehi. Trong Vdn ddi<br /> sfl de'n du Phung An, Phung An dem quan logi nga (Khu vu III, dieu 66), Le Qui Ddn<br /> ra hang, Trieu Xudng dUdc phong lam Kinh trich dan Phien ngung tgp ky ciia Trinh<br /> lUde Chieu thao xQ tri sQ. Trieu Xudng d i p Hung ddi Dudng (hien da mit) eho bie't<br /> them La Thanh, di tham k h i p ndi nui sdng Tang Cdn la tac gia eiia sach Viet chi.<br /> danh thang, ed' tieh, den mie'u d cae dd<br /> quSn, chep lam sach Phu ehi. Tdm lai, mac du chQa the khang dinh ro<br /> rang nhUng gia thuye't eua Le HQu Muc<br /> Chiing tdi cung nghieng ve gia thuye't<br /> khdng phai la khdng cd cd sd (32). Nhu<br /> ciia Le HQu Mue vi;<br /> ehung ta da bie't, sau khi Cao Chinh Binh<br /> Thd nhat, viec coi Trieu Xudng la tac gia chet benh vao thang 4 nam Trinh Nguyen<br /> 54 Rghien cuu Lich sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> 7 (791), t h i n g 7 cung nam, Trieu Xudng Tdn Dudng thU, Liet truyen, Q.170,<br /> dUdc bd' nhiem lam An Nam Dd hg, Kinh Truyen Trieu Xudng (35).<br /> lUdc Chieu thao sQ va ehinh la ngUdi true<br /> Trieu Xudng tii la Hdng To, ngUdi Thien<br /> tie'p tie'n hanh chieu hang Phung An. Do<br /> VTnh. Ban d i u lam lieu thuge cua Chieu<br /> do, ne'u qua thUc Trieu cong Giao Chdu ky<br /> NghTa Ly ThQa Chieu Tie't do sQ, dan dQdc<br /> la sach do Trieu XUdng viet, thi VDUL da<br /> thang lam Kien chau ThQ sQ. An nam tu<br /> can cQ vao mdt ngudn tai lieu dUdng thdi cd<br /> lao Do Anh Han lam phan, Dd hd Cao<br /> tinh tin cay cao de viet ve cugc khdi nghia<br /> Chinh Binh lo l i n g chuyen dd ma chet.<br /> Phung HQng. Cho du Trieu cdng Giao chdu<br /> Thang Trieu XQdng lam An Nam Dd hd.<br /> ky khdng phai la sach eiia Trieu XUdng di<br /> Cac bg lac Di deu quay ve vdi trieu dinh,<br /> nQa, it nha't nd eung la mgt tU lieu cd hdn<br /> khdng dam ndi day nQa...<br /> DVSKTT. Ne'u bde tach dUdc ndi dung cua<br /> Trieu cdng Giao chdu ky tQ VDUL, ehung Tu tri thong gidm, Q.233, Dudng ky, DQc<br /> ta se cd dUde nhQng thdng tin cd gia tri ve Tdng (36).<br /> khdi nghTa Phung HUng.<br /> An Nam Dd hd Cao Chinh Binh danh<br /> Ve ngudn tU lieu Trung Qud'c lien quan thue' nang. Mua ha t h a n g 4, bgn quan Man<br /> de'n khdi nghia Phung Hung, ehung ta cd tu trudng Dd Anh H a n khdi binh vay dd hd<br /> ghi chep trong cae sach CUu Dudng thd do phu. Chinh Binh lo lang ma chet.<br /> Luu Hu ddi Hau Ta'n bien soan va hoan Quay trd lai vdi vd'n de Dd Anh Han, so<br /> thanh nam 945 (Ban ky, Q.13), Tdn Dudng sanh VDUL va cae tU lieu Trung Qudc vdi<br /> thu, p h i n Liet truyen do Td'ng Ky ddi Bic ghi chep cua DVSKTT, chung ta cd dudc<br /> Td'ng viet xong nam 1046 (Ban ky, Q.7; Liet mdt sd'nhan xet nhQ sau:<br /> truyen, Q.170, Trieu Xudng truyen), Tu tri<br /> thong gidm cua Tu Ma Quang hoan t h a n h Thit nha't, trong cac tai lieu eua Trung<br /> nam 1084 (Q.233, Dudng ky 49). Cac ghi Qud'c khdng cd mdt ddng nao viet ve anh<br /> chep nay deu ed trude DVSKTT. De tien em P h u n g HQng, P h u n g Hai ma ehi n h i c<br /> theo doi, chung tdi xin gidi thieu cae ghi den Do Anh Han nhQ la ngUdi cam dau<br /> chep nay ben dudi. cugc bao vay phii t h a n h dd hg nam Trinh<br /> Nguyen 7 (791). Do Anh H a n dUdc mieu ta<br /> SQ lieu 6: Cdc tU lieu Trung Qud'c ve vdi tu each la "An Nam t h u linh" (Ciiu<br /> khdi nghTa Phung Hung. Dudng thu), "An N a m tu lao" (Tdn DUdng<br /> Ciiu Dudng thu, Ban ky, Q.13, DQc Tdng thu), "Quan Man tu trQdng" (Tu tri thong<br /> ha (33). gidm), tQc la mgt t h u ITnh dia phUdng ed<br /> the liic ldn. N h u vay, phai giai thich nhQ<br /> Mua ha, thang 4, [iQde 1 doan], Ky Mui,<br /> the nao ve md'i lien he giQa thu iTnh Do<br /> An Nam thii ITnh Dd Anh Han phan, ta'n<br /> Anh Sach va t h u iTnh P h u n g Hung, lieu ho<br /> cdng dd hg phu. Dd hd Cao Chinh Binh lo<br /> cd phai la hai thu iTnh "eung lang" dQdc<br /> l i n g ma chet.<br /> hay khdng?<br /> Tdn Dudng thU, Ban ky, Q.7, DQc Tdng<br /> (34). Thit hai, VDUL chep rang P h u n g HQng<br /> la mgt tQ trQdng vung bien cUdng d "ehau<br /> Thang 4, An Nam thu ITnh Do Anh Han<br /> Dudng Lam" ("Dudng Lam ehau bien k h d d i<br /> phan. Giet.<br /> tu trudng"), va "Do Anh Han" la "Dudng<br /> Ve mgt sg thii linh Hn Ram. 55<br /> <br /> Lam nhan". Nhu vay, theo VDUL, ehi cd 6. Uu phan phat thu td't,<br /> the hieu Dd Anh Han la ngudi sd'ng cung 7. Hung nhap Dd phii thi sU,<br /> chau Dudng Lam vdi PhQng Hung.<br /> 8. Tha't nien hoang, chung diic lap Hai,<br /> Mat khac, nguyen ban chQ Han eua ki phu ta d i u muc Bo Pha Lac gia, lUc<br /> DVSKTT cung khdng chep Dd Anh Han la nang bai sdn cQ dinh, dung liic tuyet luan,<br /> "ngudi cung lang" ma chi ghi ddn gian la ed' y ba't tung, nai lap Hung tQ An, sua't<br /> "ban hUdng nhan", tfle la ngUdi cung mdt ehung Cli Hai, Hai ti Bo Pha Lac, thien Chu<br /> hUdng vdi Phung Hung. O day cdn cd v i n Nham ddng, hau ba't tri sd chung,<br /> de la: lieu cac soan gia cua DVSKTT ed<br /> dude mdt nguon cQ lieu gd'c rieng de khang [Lude doan cud'i]<br /> dinh Dd Anh Han la ngudi eung hUdng vdi Dgi Viet si ky todn thU, Ngoai ky, Q.5,<br /> Phung Hung hay khdng? De lam rd dieu Thuge Tuy Dudng ky, td 6a-b<br /> nay, chung ta hay thQ so sanh van ban chQ<br /> a. Tan Mui (Dudng Trinh Nguyen tha't<br /> Han Ciia DVSKTT va VDUL.<br /> nien) xuan. An Nam Dd hd phu Cao Chinh<br /> SQ lieu 7: Viet dien u linh tap va Dgi Binh vi chinh trgng lilm, ha tQ nguyet<br /> Viet sii ky todn thU. Giao chau DQdng lam nhan (DQdng Lam<br /> VDUL, truyen Bd'Cai dai vUdng. tai Phuc Lgc huyen) Phung Hung khdi binh<br /> vi phu, Chinh Binh dT Uu tQ.<br /> 1. An Trieu vUdng Giao chau ky, Vudng<br /> tinh Phung, danh Hung, the' tap Dudng b. Tien thi, Phung hung hao phu hQu<br /> Lam chau bien khd' di tQ trudng, hieu viet dung liie, nang bai ngUu bae hd.<br /> Quan lang (man tuc kim tdn). e. U Dudng Dai Tong Dai Lich trung,<br /> nhan Giao ehau loan, Hung ki de Hai<br /> 2. Gia tu hao hQu, lUe tham nhieu dung,<br /> tUdng sua't phue ehu hudng a'p,<br /> nang bae hd bai ngUu, ki de viet Hai, diee<br /> hQu kien liic, nang phu thap thien can d. Hung hieu Dd Quan, Hai hieu Dd<br /> thach, hoae thien hoc tieu ehu, hanh thap Bao,<br /> du II, ehu di lao giai uy ki danh yen. e. Du Chinh Binh tUdng cdng, cQu ba't<br /> 3. Dudng Dai Lich trung, nhan nga An nang khie,<br /> Nam quan loan, huynh de tUdng sua't t u i n f. Chi thi dung ban hQdng nhan Do Anh<br /> chu hUdng a'p, giai ha ehi, sd chi vd ba't phi Han ke', suat ehung vi phu,<br /> mi. Hung ki d i e ehi, canh danh Cii Lao,<br /> Hai canh danh Cu Liic. g. Chinh Binh Uu phan vi tat, thU phat<br /> bdi tQ,<br /> 4. Hung hieu Dd Quan, Hai hieu Dd<br /> h. Hung nhan cQ phu, tri vi ki td't, tQ An<br /> Bao. Dung Dudng Lam nhan Dd Anh Luan<br /> tdn vi Bd' Cai dai vQdng (tuc vi phu viet Bd,<br /> (nha't tac Han) ke nghi, dT binh t u i n hanh<br /> mau viet Cai, ed' di vi danh yen), vUdng<br /> Dudng Lam Trudng Phdng dang chau, giai<br /> nang hien linh di, ehung dT vi than, nai U<br /> qui chi, uy danh dai cha'n, thanh ngdn due<br /> Dd phu ehi tay, lap tQ tue' thdi phung tii,<br /> do Dd phu.<br /> tQc Phu HQu ChQdng Tin Sung Bd Cai dai<br /> 5. Thdi Dd hg Cao Chinh Binh di mac ha VUdng, ki t h i n tQ kim tai Thinh Quang<br /> cdng chi b i t k h i e . phudng tich dien ddng tay.<br /> 56 Rghien curu Lich sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> De tien sd sanh, tren day, chung tdi tach Phao tin mudn danh dd hd phu. Dd hd luc<br /> tiing eau trong mdi van ban, danh sd' 1, 2, 3 dd la Cao Chi'nh Binh lay quan dQdi trQdng<br /> vdi VDUL va a, b, e vdi DVSKTT. Chung ta danh khdng t h i n g dUdc, lo l i n g p h a t nhgt<br /> tha'y cd sii gid'ng nhau giQa b vdi 2, c vdi 3, ma chet.<br /> d vdi 4, f vdi 5, g vdi 7, e vdi 6. Rieng cau a<br /> Theo dd, trudc khi quan khdi nghia tie'n<br /> cua DVSKTT gid'ng vdi eau cua TU tri<br /> h a n h bao vay phu t h a n h , Do Anh Han<br /> thdng gidm trong sQ lieu 6. Nhu vay, cd the<br /> chinh la ngUdi da hie'n ke cho P h u n g Hung<br /> ndi ghi chep ve xuat t h a n va diin tie'n cudc<br /> dua quan " t u i n h a n h " khu vile "Dudng<br /> khdi nghTa eua Phiing Hung trong<br /> Lam Trudng Phong d i n g chau" de md rdng<br /> DVSKTT tren thiie te chi la bien soan lai<br /> liie lUdng. Cac ban dich sang chQ qud'c ngQ<br /> ndi dung eiia VDUL, viec Dd Anh Han la<br /> hien nay eua Le HQu Mue, Dinh Gia<br /> "ban hUdng nhan" cd kha nang chi la sU<br /> Khanh dich cum chQ Han "DQdng Lam<br /> suy diin cua DVSKTT.<br /> TrUdng Phong d i n g chau" t h a n h "ma'y<br /> Qua nhQng phan tieh tren, ehung ta ed ehau Dudng-lam, Trudng-phong" hoae "cae<br /> the cd mdt cdch giai thich khae cac nghien chau Dudng Lam, Trudng Phdng" (37). Tuy<br /> cQu trudc day ve Do Anh Han. Do Anh Han nhien, viec dich hai chQ "TrUdng Phong"<br /> la mdt thu ITnh dia phUdng sd'ng cung ehau t h a n h ten mdt chau la khdng dung vi trong<br /> Dudng Lam vdi Phung Hung. Cd the Do he thdng ddn vi h a n h chinh cua nha Dudng<br /> Anh Han da theo ve vdi Phung Hung trong thdi ba'y gid khdng ton tai ehau TrUdng<br /> qua trinh anh em hg Phung t h u phirc cae Phong. Cum chQ H a n tren dieh ehinh xac<br /> hUdng a'p xung quanh. Trong giai doan d i u phai la cac chau Dudng Lam, Trudng<br /> eua cugc khdi nghTa Do Anh Han da ed vi (chau), Phong (ehau).<br /> tri cao trong bd chi huy cudc khdi nghTa.<br /> Theo Tdn Dudng thU, Dia li chi thi<br /> Viec cac nguon tU lieu Trung Qud'c ehi chdp<br /> TrQdng chau la ten chau dat ra vao thdi<br /> ve Dd Anh Han eho tha'y chinh quyen dd hd<br /> DQdng, de'n n a m Thien Bao nguyen nien<br /> bie't de'n Do Anh Han nhieu hdn Phung<br /> (742) dQdc dd'i ten t h a n h Van DQdng quan,<br /> HQng. Ne'u t h a m khae them trudng hdp<br /> sau dd de'n n a m Can Nguyen nguyen nien<br /> eua Dd Anh Sach, ed kha nang gidng nhu<br /> (758) lai dd'i t h a n h ten eu la TrUdng Chau.<br /> Dd Anh Sdch, Do Anh Han cung da ed thdi<br /> Le T r i e trong An Nam chi lUdc ghi TrUdng<br /> gian lam viee eho ehinh quyen dd hd.<br /> Chau vao p h i n "Co' ehau danh", nhd dd<br /> Tie'p theo, ve vai trd eiia Dd Anh Han ehung ta bie't dUdc r a n g de'n thdi T r i n , ten<br /> trong cudc khdi nghia Phung Hung, Trudng Chau khdng cdn dUdc sQ dung. Vi?c<br /> DVSKTT ehi chep v i n t i t : "Phung Hung VDUL n h i c de'n dia d a n h cd' TrUdng ehau<br /> dung ke cua ngudi ban hUdng Dd Anh Han, la mgt minh chQng eho thay nd da can cQ<br /> xua't quan bao vay phii thanh. Chi'nh Binh vao mgt ngudn tai lieu cd', ma nhieu kha<br /> Qu p h i n t h a n h benh, phat nhgt d lUng ma nang la Trieu cong Giao chdu ky.<br /> che't". Tuy nhien, VDUL cung ca'p eho<br /> chung ta mdt sd thdng tin cu the hdn: Tdm lai, Do Anh H a n la ngudi cd cdng<br /> ra't ldn trong cugc khdi nghTa ciia Phiing<br /> Dung ke cua ngudi Dudng Lam la Do HQng. Nhd ke sach cua Do Anh Han, iQe<br /> Anh Luan (cd sach viet Han), la'y quan iQdng ciia nghia q u a n khdng cdn bd hep<br /> tuan hanh "Dudng Lam Trudng Phong" cae trong p h a m vi cua mgt ehau - chau Dudng<br /> chau, cae ndi deu theo ve, uy danh IQng liy. Lara, ma da dQdc md rdng ra mdt k h u vQc<br /> V& m$t s g thii linh fin R a m . . 57<br /> <br /> <br /> rdng ldn b a o gdm cac vQng P h o n g c h a u nha't l a t h e o Tdn Dudng thu, t h u l i n h Do<br /> (Phu Thg, VTnh Phiic) v a T r Q d n g chau A n h H a n d a hi giet ("phue t r u " ) . Dieu n a y<br /> (Ninh B i n h ) . d u d n g n h u tUdng Qng vdi m g t sQ k i e n ghi<br /> chdp t r o n g VDUL. VDUL cho bie't: khi<br /> Cuol Cling, edn m d t v i n de nQa l a m d t<br /> P h u n g H U n g d i n h b a o v a y phii t h a n h dd<br /> t h u l i n h dQgc cae n g u d n t a i lieu Trung<br /> hd, C a o C h i n h B i n h d a d e m q u a n dUdi<br /> Qud'c nha'n m a n h n h U Do A n h H a n t a i sao<br /> trudng ta'n edng liie lUdng khdi nghia<br /> lai b i & ma't dot n g g t n h U v a y . D e giai t h i c h<br /> n h U n g k h d n g t h a n h cdng. Cd le Dd A n h<br /> v i n d l n a y , c h u n g t d i m u d n l u u y d e n ghi<br /> H a n d a bi giet t r o n g cugc chie'n da'u n a y .<br /> eh6p "An N a m t h u ITnh Dd A n h H a n p h a n ,<br /> phuc t r u " e u a Tdn Dudng thU (sQ lieu 6). I t (Cbn nOa)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Ph&n Xuflc (so^n), Hu6ng Dat (hi|u chii), (10). Nhu da trinh bky h trgn, tU gifla th^ ky<br /> Man thd, Nxb. Trung Hoa thu cijc, 1962, tr. 227. VIII, An Nam Kinh luijc sil ciing trS thinh mgt<br /> Tiet dp svl, mk theo Tdn Dudng thd, Chi, Q.49 h?,<br /> (2). Tdn Dudng thd, Li$t truydn, Q.129 vi^t<br /> Bach quan chi (Sdd, tr.l309) thi dudi quyen Tie't<br /> "Anh Sach cap Ph^m Dinh Chi gia gidi khe dpng<br /> dp sil c6 1 vien tu^n quan.<br /> hko gia". Au DUdng Tu, Tong Ky (soan), Tdn<br /> Bddng thd, Nxb. Trung Hoa thu cue, tr. 4475. (11). Cdu Dddng thd, Q.14, Ban ky, Tuyen<br /> T6ng thuijng (sdd, tr.416).<br /> (3). Tdn Ddtmg thd, sdd, tr. 1308.<br /> (12). Vudng Phd (so^n), Bddng hgi yeu, Nxb.<br /> (4). Ngo&i ghi ch^p vd" Do Anh Sach, "nhftp vi$n<br /> Trung Hoa thu cue, 1955, tr. 1321.<br /> phan an" dcli Du&ng ciing duijc nhfic d6'n trong hki<br /> minh m0 Ta th^p di L5 quo'c Khdng phu quan, (13). Tdn Bddng thd, sdd, tr. 4475.<br /> ch^p trong Todn Dddng van, Q.812. Ban anh a'n<br /> (14). Chiing tdi sii di,ing vSn ban chii Han ciia<br /> Todn Diidng vdn, Nxb. Trung hoa tha cvc, tr.<br /> Vdn khdc Hdn Ndm Viit Nam Tap 1: Td Bae thudc<br /> 8544.<br /> den thdi Ly, cd so sanh vdi ban dap No.30270 ciia<br /> (5). Khang Hy td diin, Nxb. ThUiJng Hai cd Vi^n Nghien cilu Han Nom.<br /> tich, 1996, tr. 1424.<br /> (15). Td tri thdng gidm, Q.236, Dudng ky, Diic<br /> (6). Tu Ma Quang (bien so?n), Hd Tam Tinh Tdng. Sdd, tr. 7600.<br /> (chii tWch), Td tri thdng gidm, Nxb. Trung Hoa<br /> (16). D&ng Kim Ngoc doc ten ngUdi niy t h i n h<br /> thu eye, 1976, tr. 8352. Do Anh Han. Tuy nhien, nhin chung, ban phiSn<br /> (7). Td tri thong gidm, Q.220, Tiic Tong, sdd, tr. am cua Ding Kim Ngoc cd nhieu nhSm Iln. V( dy<br /> 7066. nhu "til til kim ngU dai" doc thieu chil "tff'. Ngoii<br /> ra, khi nghien cHu thac ban chuong Thanh Mai t ^<br /> (8). Trucing Ton V6 Ky (bien soan), Luu Tu4'n<br /> Vi$n Nghien cHu Han Nom, chiing tdi nhan tha'y,<br /> VSn (di^m hi^u), Dddng ludt sd nghi, Nxb. Trung<br /> chii tren ban dip da b} md khdng t h i dijc ro, gdc<br /> Hoa thu eye, tr. 290-291.<br /> phai dudi cdn mpt n^t chdo ( \ ) . Bii viSt cila Ding<br /> (9). Liiu Hd Dong tap, Q.IO. Liiu Tong Nguyen Kim Ngoc khdng in phin cha Han nen khdng ro<br /> (sofin). Lieu Hd Ddng tap, Nxb. The gidi thu c\ic, dng doc t h i n h chii H i n nio, cd le l i chil Hin ( ^ ) ,<br /> t r 101-103. nhung ngupc lai hoin toin c6 the doc thinh chil<br /> 58 Rghien curu Lich sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> Sach (fSi )• Xem them Dang Kim Ngoc, Ve qud (25). Tham khao Tdn Bddng thd, Lipt truypn,<br /> chudng dong co nien dgi "thuoc Bddng" (the ky Q.129. Tdn Bddng thd, sdd, tr. 4475.<br /> VUI), Tap chi Nghien cdu Lich sd (252), 1990.<br /> (26). Cdu Dudng thd, sdd, tr. 3641.<br /> (17). Xin chii f tren chudng Thanh Mai ciing<br /> (27). Tdn Dddng thd, sdd, tr. 3583.<br /> xu&'t hien ddn vi "hUdng doin", vdi Tran Tich l i m<br /> Do Thap nhi hUdng doin dSu. (28). Van ban truyen Bd Cai dai vUdng trong<br /> cac ban VDUL n g i y nay dUpc luu t r a tai Vipn<br /> (18). Ngoai ra, qua bai minh chiing ta ciing biet<br /> Nghien ciiu Han Ndm hau nhU khdng khac nhau,<br /> dU(;ic ring vio thdi diem nay, nhan vat sd hai trong<br /> ngoai tril mpt sd chii viet n h i m , viet sai, viet thfta,<br /> chinh quyen dd hd sau Tri$u Xuong l i mpt ngudi ho<br /> viet thieu trong qua trinh sao ch^p.<br /> Do: Phd Dd hd sii, tri tiet Quin chau chu quan sU,<br /> thii Quin chau Thii sil, sung ban chau Du sii, (29). Ngoii truypn Bd Cai dai vUdng, Ly Te<br /> Thupng tru quoc, thudng til kim ngil dai Do Hoii Xuyen cung sii dung Trieu cdng Giao chdu ky de<br /> Bich. viet truyen Trung diic uy hien dai vUdng.<br /> <br /> (19). Ly Cat Phil (soan), Nguyen hba quan (30). Mpt sd ban An Nam chi chiing tdi xem<br /> huyen chi, Nxb. Trung Hoa thu cue, 1963, tr. 958. dupe 6 Vipn Han Ndm. Vi du nhU ban A.1733 ghi<br /> l i Phu ky.<br /> (20). Nien hipu Nguyen Hda b i t d i u vao n i m<br /> 806. Nguyen Hba quan huyen chi dupe hoin t h i n h (31). Xem Le Hiiu Muc, ViM dien U linh, Nxb.<br /> vio khoang n i m Nguyen Hda 8 (813). Khai Tri, 1961.<br /> (21). Tdng Dio (soan), Tuc tU tri thong gidm (32). Ve cac sach Giao chau ky, cd the tham<br /> trudng bien, Nxb. Trung Hoa thu cue, 1995, tr. khao them b i i viet ciia TrSn V i n Giap: Mgt sd td<br /> 698. liiu mdi vi cd sd Viet Nam, Sdch "Vinh Lgc dgi<br /> (22). Ding Xuan Bang, Sd hoc bi khao, Nxb. dien bdn Giao Chdu ky" mdi bi phdt hien Id mgt<br /> Vin hda Thong tin H i Ndi, 1997, tr. 351; Dao Duy nguy thd (sdch gid tgo). Tap chi Nghien cdu Lich<br /> Anh, Bd't nUdc Viet Nam qua cdc ddi, Nxb. T h u i n sd (84), 1966.<br /> Hda, Hud, 2006, tr. 45.<br /> (33). Cdu Dudng thd. Ban ky, Quyen 13, sdd,<br /> (23). Theo Man thu, trong quang thai gian tr. 372.<br /> trudc v i sau n i m Trinh Nguyen thii 10, Trieu<br /> (34). Cdu Dddng thd, Ban ky, Quyen 13, sdd,<br /> Xudng tie'n h i n h nhieu hoat dpng ngoai giao n h i m<br /> tr. 197.<br /> hda hoan vdi vua Nam Chieu l i Mdng Di Mau<br /> Tam. (35). Cdu Dddng thd, Ban ky, Quyin 13, sdd,<br /> (24). Tii ddi Han, cac quan vio tiic trUc trong tr. 5175.<br /> cung cil 10 ngiy dUdc nghi 1 ngiy de di t i m goi l i<br /> (36). Cdu Dudng thd. Ban ky, Quyen 13, sdd,<br /> huu muc ("Han chd tu tam thii lang di thupng,<br /> tr. 7524.<br /> n h i p true ca'm trung gia, t h i p nhat nhi't xua't hUu<br /> muc", Td tri thong gidm, Q.28, Han ky). Nghi hUu (37). Le HQu Muc, sdd, tr. 26. Dinh Gia Khanh,<br /> mijc l i theo tyc Ip do, cd nghia l i xin nghi mpt thdi Trinh Dinh Ru (dich v i chii thich), Viet dien U<br /> gian ngin. linh, Nxb. V i n hpc, 2001, tr. 44.<br />