Xuất khẩu của Việt Nam sang Mỹ Latinh tăng trưởng cao

QUOCTE<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> X U A T K H A U C U A V I E T N A M S A N G M Y L A T I N H<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> • PHAM BA UONG<br /> Vu Thi trUdng Chau My,<br /> Bo Cong ThUdng<br /> <br /> <br /> Tiem nang cua My Latinh ddi<br /> trong linh vpc cdng nghiep nhtf 1990. kim ngach thtfdng mai hai<br /> vdi XK hang hda cua Viet Nam:<br /> san xuat may bay. khai thac. chieu da dat 145 trieu USD vao<br /> Khu vtfc My latinh co 33 qudc che bien dau khi. khai khoang. nam 2000 vd tang len 2,4 ty USD<br /> gia. dien tich hdn 20 trieu km . 2<br /> <br /> thuy dien. cdng nghe sinh hoc vao nam 2009. vdi mtfc tang<br /> dan so 573 trieu ngtfdi. GDP cua va nang ltfdng sinh hpc. Thi trtfdng trung binh hang nam hdn<br /> toan khu vtfc nam 2009 dat trtfdng My Latinh cd nhu cdu NK 30%. Kim ngach XK cua Viet Nam<br /> 4.039,6 ty USD. chiem 7% GDP ldn, gia tri NK tang trung binh sang khu vtfc nam 2010 Udc cd<br /> toan the gidi. Thu nhap GDP binh 17%/nam. chiem 5.4 % tdng gi the dat 1,8 ty USD. tang 40,6%<br /> quan dau ngtfdi dat tren 7 ngan tri NK toan the gidi. gia tri XK so vdi cung ky nam 2009 va tdng<br /> USD/ nam. Dieu kien ttf nhien tang 18%/nam. Cdc ntfdc My kim ngach hai chieu cd the dat<br /> dat dai thuan ldi cho phat trien Latinh cd dac diem chung lay 3,5 ty USD. Stf tang trtfdng nay<br /> ndng nghiep chan nudi. Nguon tai muc tieu phat trien kinh te, dtfdc dtf bdo se tiep tue trong<br /> nguyen. khoang san quy hiem cdng nghiep hda la nhiem vu nhtfng nam sdp tdi. .<br /> chiem trtf ltfdng ldn nhtf bac. trpng tam. coi XK la ddng ltfc Phdn tich mat hdng XK chinh<br /> dong. than da. dau ltfa. niken. bd phat trien kinh te. Trong chinh trong nam 2009 thay 10 mat<br /> xit, thiec, sat. khi dot. uranium... sach kinh te dd'i ngoai. cdc ntfdc hang cd kim ngach cao gdm giay<br /> Cac ntfdc My Latinh da \tfdt qua My Latinh ngay cang htfdng dep dat 325,5 trieu USD, chie'm<br /> cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan manh ve phtfdng Ddng. trong dd 1 /4 tdng kim ngach XK cua Viet<br /> cdu. la mdt trong nhtfng khu vtfc ed Viet Nam la mpt trong nhtfng Nam vao My Latinh. Hdng nam<br /> phat trien nang ddng nhat the ctfa ngd quan trpng de tham cd khu vtfc phdi NK giay dep vdi<br /> gidi. Tang trtfdng GDP eua ca khu nhap vao khu vtfc chau A. Hang kim ngach hdn 2 ty USD/nam.<br /> vtfc nam 2010 va 2011 ldn ltfdt hda trong dieu kien sdn xuat cua Mpt so thi trtfdng cd nhu cdu NK<br /> tfdc dat 5.7% va 4%. cao hdn mtfc Viet Nam hoan toan dap tfng<br /> giay dep vdi so ltfdng ldn la<br /> tang chung cua cd the gidi. Mpt dtfdc nhu cdu tieu dung vd sdn<br /> Mexico. Panama. Chile. Braxin.<br /> sd ntfdc cd quy md GDP ldn nhtf xuat cua My Latinh.<br /> Achentina. Cuba. Peru. Mat hang<br /> Braxin dat 1.571.9 ty USD. chiem Ket qua thtfdng mai cua Viet XK dtfng thtf nhi ld gao. dat gia<br /> 38.8 % GDP toan My latinh: Me- Nam vdi My Latinh: tri kim ngach 205,5 trieu USD,<br /> xico dat 874.9 ty USD chiem Nhtfng nam 1990 quan he chie'm ty trpng 15,3%. Rieng<br /> 21,6%: Veneduela dat 326.4 ty budn bdn cua Viet Nam mdi ehi Cuba hang nam NK gao cua Viet<br /> USD. chie'm 8.0%: Argentina dat md ra vdi so it ntfdc M\ Latinh.<br /> r<br /> Nam dat hdn 200 trieu USD.<br /> 308.7 ty USD. chie'm 7.6%. Nam 1995 thi trtfdng XK con han ngoai ra mpt so thi trtfdng khac<br /> Trao ddi thtfdng mai hai chieu hep chu yeu vdi Cuba. Mexico. d Nam My va Caribe da neu nhu<br /> ciia khu vtfc nay vdi the gidi nam Braxin va Arhentia. De'n nam cdu NK gao cua ta cho nhtfng<br /> 2009 dat gan 2 ngan ty USD. 2000. thi trtfdng XK da md sang 7 nam tdi. Tie'p theo ld mat hang<br /> chiem 5.4% tdng gid tri thtfdng ntfdc. dat kim ngach 106.0 trieu det may cd gia tri XK hdng nam<br /> mai the gidi. trong dd gia tri XK USD. Hien nay. Viet Nam cd quan tren 100 trieu USD. chie'm ty<br /> dat 704.1 ty USD. chie'm 5.7%, he budn ban vdi tat cd 33 qud'c trpng 9.4%. Mpt sd thi trtfdng XK<br /> kim ngach NK dat 695.4 ty -USD. gia va vung lanh thd trong khu chinh hang det may cua ta vdi<br /> chiem 5.4 %. Mdt so ntfdc My vtfc My latinh. Ttf xuat phdt didm gia tri kim ngach hang chuc<br /> Latinh da dat trinh dd khd cao vai chuc trieu USD vao nam trieu USD la Mexico. Braxin.<br /> 28 I THUONG MAI So 32/2010<br />  QUOCTE<br /> <br /> <br /> Panama. Achentina, Chile , Peru.<br /> Mat hang thuy san, chu yeu la<br /> ca tra va ca basa cua ta tuy mdi<br /> tham nhap vao mot so thi tnfdng<br /> nhu" Mexico, Braxin. Colombia<br /> nhu'ng da tang nhanh, dat gia tri<br /> kim ngach XK hang chuc trieu<br /> USD d mdi mfdc. Mdt so' mat Giay dep -<br /> hang khac nhu vali. tui xach,<br /> -<br /> Mat hang co<br /> san pham nhpa, cao su va san ty trong Idn<br /> pham ttf cao su, ca phe da cd trong XK<br /> chd dung d My Latinh ttf nhieu cda Viet<br /> nam qua. Gan day hang dien, Nam sang<br /> dien ttf, tin hoc, cd khi, thie't bi, My Latinh<br /> may, ddng cd dien, vat lieu xay<br /> difng, gdm su, xi mang, sdt thep,<br /> -<br /> <br /> 1.820,3 trieu USD. Rieng XK sang lpc vtfdt bac trong cdng tac xiic<br /> san pham gd dang tham nhap, 10 thi tnfdng chu yeu ndi tren dat tien thifdng mai (XTTM) sang 23<br /> dat gia tri kim ngach hdng chuc hdn 1.655,4 tr.USD chie'm kho- thi tnfdng con lai de tao bifdc dot<br /> trieu USD. Cd cau mat hang XK ang 91,7% trong tdng gid tri XK pha trong nhtfng nam tdi.<br /> da cd xu the tang ddn sdn pham<br /> cua ta sang khu vpc nay. Trong Mpt so mat han che: Kim<br /> cdng nghiep. Hang cdng nghiep<br /> so 10 thi tnidng chii yeu ndi tren, ngach XK sang khu vpc ndy chi<br /> nhe, gia cdng che tao va cd XK cua ta glut dUdc quy md va td'c<br /> ngudn gdc ttf ndng nghiep dang chiem ty trpng 2,3 % tdng kim<br /> dp tang tnidng kha la Braxin, Me- ngach XK ciia ca nu'dc nam 2009.<br /> phai canh tranh gay gdt vdi<br /> xico, Cuba. Panama, Chile. Udc Thi phan XK cua Viet Nam d My<br /> hang hda ciia Trung Qud'c, An<br /> nam 2010, thi tnfdng Braxin, Me- Latinh cdn nhd, chi chiem 0,18<br /> Dp va mfdc khac vdi gid re hdn,<br /> xico cd quy md kim ngach XK % tdng kim ngach NK ciia ca My<br /> thi hieu phii hdp vdi sifc mua<br /> vtidt tren mdc 400 trieu<br /> ciia dai bp phdn dan cu" cd thu Latinh tif tat ca cac nu'dc<br /> USD/nam, cd td'c dp tang trifdng<br /> nhap thap. (1,3/695,4 ty USD). Dac biet d<br /> kha vifng chdc, sau de'n Cuba va<br /> Ket qua XK 9 thdng ddu nam mpt so nifdc cd tidm nang ldn va<br /> Panama dat tren dudi 200 trieu<br /> 2010: quy md kinh te hang tram ty<br /> USD/nam. Gdn day, cd nhidu tin<br /> USD nhu'ng gia tri kim ngach XK<br /> hieu ddi mdi ve<br /> XK Viet Nam sang mpt so thj trifdng chu yeu cua va thi phdn cua ta cdn it (Colom-<br /> chinh sach thUdng<br /> My Latinh, 9 thang dau nam 2010 (tan vj: tneu uso) bia, Veneduela, Peru. Panama).<br /> mai ddu tu" Cuba.<br /> 400 Nhu'ng trd ngai can ban la kho-<br /> Ve lau dai, Cuba<br /> 350 ang each xa vd dia ly, cac DN hai<br /> vdn la thi tnidng<br /> 300 WW ben cdn thieu thdng tin vd nhau<br /> 250 • XK tiem nang ve<br /> gao vd hang nhu vd do dd chifa quan tam diing<br /> 200 •<br /> 150 • 52.<br /> 2 46.1 yeu pham ke ca mtfc den phat trien quan he kinh<br /> 100 0 n tidm nang vd ddu doanh vdi nhau. Tai mpt so thi<br /> 50 tif cua Viet Nam. tnidng nhidu tidm nang nay, Thif-<br /> 0• dng vu mdi dUdc thanh lap hoac<br /> Ngoai 10 thi tnidng<br /> Ngudn: Tdng cue Hdi quan Viet Nam XK chinh ndi tren, chifa cd nen chPa hd trd difdc<br /> 23 thi tnidng khac nhidu cho cac DN trong khau tim<br /> Xet 9 thdng ddu nam 2010. thupc My Latinh NK ttf Viet Nam, hieu thi tnfdng va tim kiem dd'i<br /> XK sang thi tnfdng My Latinh dat tuy cd tang tnidng nhUng chi dat tac kinh doanh. Viec thdm nhap<br /> 1.365.4 trieu USD. cao hdn tdng kim ngach 112,4 trieu USD trong hang hda. md rpng thi tnfdng con<br /> kim ngach XK cua ca nam 2009 9 thdng ddu nam 2010, chiem gap phai sp canh tranh gay gdt<br /> (1.333.1 tr.USD). Udc ca nam 8,3% gia tri XK cua Viet Nam vdi hang hda den ttf cac<br /> 2010. XK sang My Latinh dat sang My Latinh. Vi vay, cdn nd nifdc chau A khac cd gid<br /> THUONG MAI So 32/2010 I 29<br /> QUOCTE<br /> <br /> <br /> tha'p hdn nhtfng thu hut thi luat kinh te thi trtfdng. cd be day chau A. trong dd cd Viet Nam nen<br /> hieu va stfc mua ciia dai bp phan kinh nghiem khac phuc khung se dat tang trtfdng kinh te cao<br /> nhan dan lao dpng co thu nhap hoang khu vtfc va the gidi. Hien hdn. Khdng chi la kho ltfdng thtfc<br /> chtfa cao. Gan day. cac doan nay, npi ltfc khu vtfc khdng ngtfng cho toan the gidi. My Latinh cdn<br /> XTTM co xu htfdng thtfa d i n . con dtfdc tang ctfdng. dtf trtf ngoai hd'i la ndi cung cap cho Viet Nam<br /> chtfa htfdng dich tdi thi tnidng dat 552,4 ty USD. Da phan cae ngudn tai nguyen ddu md khi dot.<br /> My Latinh. Cdng tac thdng tin ntfdc Nam My cd ngudn nhan ltfc nguyen nhien vat lieu ehie'n ltfdc<br /> tuyen truyen. phd'i hdp van dpng. tre, dtfdc dao tao kha td't, nen nhtf quang sdt thep. uran. thiec.<br /> dau tranh bao ve uy tin hang hda kinh te cd dp md rpng. quan he ddng. nguyen lieu da...<br /> cua ta cdn chtfa dii manh. mat thie't vdi thi tnidng the gidi. Mpt sd bien phap gdp phin<br /> Cac ntfdc nhtf Brasil, Chile. day manh XK sang My Latinh:<br /> Trien vpng quan he Achentina, Mexico. Peru. Colom-<br /> Ngay nay. mpt qud'c gia cd the<br /> thUdng m a i ciia V i e t Nam bia. Panama chie'm ty trpng hdn<br /> duy tri tang tnidng kinh te ben<br /> v d i My Latinh: 80% tdng GDP cua toan khu \tfe<br /> vtfng nhd phdt trien kinh te dd'i<br /> Trong nhtfng nam tdi. nen da thtfc thi cac bien phap manh<br /> ngoai va hpi nhap. Dd'i vdi ntfdc<br /> kinh te M\' Latinh cd vien canh me trong viec kich cdu ndi dia.<br /> ta hien nay. day manh XK la tan<br /> phat trien td't. tinh hinh khu vtfc Cdc ntfdc nay cd thi trtfdng trong<br /> dung dtfdc lpi the so sanh vd cac<br /> cd ban on dinh. Chinh sach vi md ntfdc tiem nang ldn. lai da dang<br /> ngudn ltfc dat dai. tdi nguyen.<br /> cua cac qud'c gia dtfdc xay dtfng hod thi trtfdng ddu ra nhat la<br /> ngudn lao dpng ctfng vdi nhtfng<br /> bai ban. linh hoat. van dung quy tang ctfdng quan he kinh te vdi<br /> nganh nghe cd ldi the hdn so vdi<br /> qudc gia khac, hda nhap vao<br /> P H U L U C T U LIEU: mang sdn xuat toan cdu, thu hut<br /> XK Viet Nam sang mpt so t h i trUdng chu yeu cua My Latinh, ddu ttf ntfdc ngoai.<br /> 9 t h i n g dau nam 2010 (ddn vi: trieu USD)<br /> Muc tieu dai han dat ra la<br /> Th| In/dug T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 Tdng hang hda Viet Nam cd mat d<br /> Argentina 5,1 3.9 3,9 6.7 7.6 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.3 59,8<br /> khdp thi tnidng My Latinh, cd dai<br /> Braxin 27,8 20.9 54.7 45,5 31.2 31,5 46.5 60,3 36.0 354,8<br /> Chile 3.6 29 - 6 8,7 11,2 11,0 7.5 6.9 7,1 60,4 dien thtfdng mai hoat dpng d cac<br /> Colombia 4.7 3.5 4.3 4 2 4,5 51 7C 56 6 7 46,1 thi trtfdng chtf yeu; Cung cd vtfng<br /> r 30.5 3.8 20.5 2.9 23,1 7.5 43.8 •52 :; s 155,4 chdc va nang cao ddn thi phan<br /> Ecuubador<br /> C 3.0 4.4 6,0 9.5 8.1 9.7 3.7 4.5 3,0 52,2 dang chie'm linh d cac thi Ptfdng<br /> Vex co 35.4 22.7 30.7 33.4 32,9 46,6 49.9 53,0 42,4 347.4<br /> Panama 10,6 3.8 23.8 7.3 11.7 18.5 12.4 30,5 12,4 131.4 truyen thdng; Dtfa them cdc mat<br /> Peru 1.1 0.9 2.5 3.3 2.9 4,2 5,2 3,5 3.2 27 ' hang mdi vao My Latinh nhtf vat<br /> Veneduela 1.4 1.2 1.0 • : '6 0,08 5.2 1.2 5.2 18.4 lieu xay dtfng, gdm stf. dpng cd<br /> Nude khac 8.5 :• 9 12.8 9.6 '5 5 15,5 13,7 15.5 17,2 112,4 dien, cd khi, hang tieu dtfng cd<br /> T6ng 131.7 71.9 164.8 132.1 150,5 •57,8 202 7 208.2 145.1 •365 4 ham ltfdng cdng nghiep va gid tri<br /> Nguon: TC Hai Quan Viet Nam gia tang cao hdn. Phan dau dat<br /> M&t hang XK chinh sang My Latinh nam 2009 (Ddn vi: trieu USD) kim ngach XK tren 6 ty USD vao<br /> nam 2005 va khoang 12 - 15 ty<br /> TT Mat hang Kim Ty trpng Th| trudng XKcnfnh<br /> ngach (%) (So trong ngoSc gia tr| XK. tr.USD) USD vao nam 2020. Trong khudn<br /> 1 Giay dep 325,5 24.4 Mexico (138,3); Panama (64,2): Braxin (45,9), Chile (30.6), khd hdp tac song phtfdng, phat<br /> Achentina (22,9); Cuba (4,2): Peru (3,1): Nud<br /> ' c khac (15,9) trien quan he hdp tac toan dien<br /> 2 Gao 20: 5 15.3 Cuba (190,5):): Nucc khac (15,5)<br /> 3 Det may 126 C 94 Mexico (52,8); Braxin (8,6): Panama (7,7). vd kinh te thtfdng mai va ddu ttf.<br /> Achentina (4,5); Chile (6.9); Peru (0.17) van hda. khoa hpc ky thuat KHKT<br /> 4 ?" 108.0 8.3 Mexico (73,4); Braxin (7,7 ), Peru ( 02)<br /> 5 XSngdau.dau th6 79.6 5,9 Chile (59,7); Nude khac (19,9). vdi My Latinh. Ky dtfdc mpt so<br /> 6 May tinh 71.0 5.3 Mexico (32,9 );Bra (33.5 j, Panama i0 05: Achetma (0.67i hiep dinh thtfdng mai ttf do FTA<br /> Chile (1.5 ); Peru (2.8) vd tang so hiep dinh thtfdng mai<br /> 7<br /> Caphe 55.5 42 Cuba