Anabolic metabolism
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Metabolism including anabolism and catabolism is a prerequisite phenomenon for all living organisms. Anabolism refers to the synthesis of the entire compound needed by a species. Catabolism refers to the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy.
7p vihagrid 30-01-2023 11 3 Download
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The ureagenesis plays a central role in the homeostatic control of nitrogen metabolism. This process occurs in the liver, the key metabolic organ in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the body. To date, the understanding of the influencing factors and regulators of ureagenesis in ruminants is still poor.
12p viansan2711 30-07-2021 7 1 Download
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This chapter presents the following content: An organism's metabolism transform matter and energy, of thermodynamics, The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously, ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to engergonic reactions, enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers, regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism.
66p tradaviahe14 27-01-2021 16 4 Download
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In earlier studies we have shown that CCL5 activation of CCR5 induces the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells in a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent manner and that this is in part due to CCR5-mediated increases in glycolytic metabolism.
13p vimanama2711 30-07-2020 9 2 Download
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Light at night creates a conflicting signal to the biological clock and disrupts circadian physiology. In rodents, light at night increases the risk to develop mood disorders, overweight, disrupted energy metabolism, immune dysfunction and cancer.
13p vimanama2711 30-07-2020 10 1 Download
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Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) catalyzes the generation of pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis and functions as a key switch in the regulation of carbon flux distribution. Both the substrates and products of Pyk are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerosis and energy anabolism, which places Pyk at a primary metabolic intersection.
12p vihamax2711 21-04-2020 19 1 Download
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This chapter presents the following content: An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics, the free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously, ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions,...
40p nomoney10 04-05-2017 46 5 Download
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Cells are systems in a dynamic steady state, maintained by a constant flux of nutrients that serve as energy sources or as raw material for the maintenance of cellular structures. Catabolism and anabolism are ongoing, concomitant processes. What principles underlie the integration of catabolism and energy production with anabolism and energy consumption? How is metabolism integrated in complex organisms with multiple organ systems?
27p tangtuy15 30-06-2016 44 2 Download
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Chapter 8 introduction to metabolism. This chapter presents the following content: An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics, the free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously, ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions,...and another contents.
67p tangtuy02 08-03-2016 40 2 Download
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Chapter 10 introduction to metabolism. After studying this chapter you will be able to: Define catabolism and anabolism and know general properties regarding each, know the difference between a heterotroph and a autotroph, know the general spatial organization of pathways (multienzyme complexes, individual soluble proteins, membrane associated),...
13p tangtuy02 08-03-2016 49 2 Download
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Overview1.Biosynthesis of terpenes2.Biosynthesis of phenols3.Metabolism of fatty acids4.Metabolism of glucose (glycolysis)5.Anabolic pathways of fatty acidsand carbohydrates.Biosynthesis of acyclic terpenoids.Condensation of isoprene units. Formation of acyclic terpenes.Formation of monoterpenes(examples)
18p nguyenhopgh 24-05-2013 73 6 Download
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Certain amino acids, like glutamine and leucine, induce an anabolic response in liver. They activate p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in protein and fatty acids synthesis, respectively. In contrast, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which senses the energy state of the cell and becomes activated under metabolic stress, inactivates by phosphorylation key enzymes in biosynthetic pathways thereby conserving ATP.
9p system191 01-06-2013 48 3 Download
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Liver metabolism is influenced by hormones and nutrients. Amino acids such as glutamine or leucine induce an anabolic response, which resembles that of insulin in muscle and adipose tissue. In this work, the signalling pathways and the effects of insulin were compared to those of glutamine and leucine in isolated hepatocytes from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
9p system191 01-06-2013 43 3 Download
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The energy-metabolism oscillation in aerobic chemostat cultures of yeast is a periodic change of the respiro-fermentative and respiratory phase. In the respiro-fermentative phase, the NADH level was kept high and respiration was suppressed, and glucose was anabolized into trehalose and glycogen at a rate comparable to that of catabolism.
14p inspiron33 26-03-2013 55 3 Download
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Aminotransferases catalyse synthetic and degradative reactions of amino acids, and serve as a key linkage between central carbon and nitrogen metabolism in most organisms. In this study, three aminotransferases (AT1, AT2 and AT3) were purified and characterized fromHydrogenobacter thermophilus, a hydrogen-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, which has been reported to possess unique features in its carbon and nitrogen anabolism.
10p mobifone23 21-01-2013 34 2 Download
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1–34), which has been established to have a dual effect on bone metabolism, was recently found to regulate osteosarcoma cell migration. A significant part of the bone anabolic action of PTH(1–34) is attributed to fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 stimulation.
11p cosis54 09-12-2012 56 1 Download
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Table 46-3 Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into cells A. Acid-base 1. Metabolic alkalosis B. Hormonal 1. Insulin 2. β2-Adrenergic agonists (endogenous or exogenous) 3. α-Adrenergic antagonists C. Anabolic state 1. Vitamin B12 or folic acid (red blood cell production) 2. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (white blood cell production) 3. Total parenteral nutrition D. Other 1. Pseudohypokalemia 2. Hypothermia 3. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 4. Barium toxicity III. Increased loss A.
5p ongxaemnumber1 29-11-2010 106 5 Download