Anti-coagulant factors

Part 2 book "Cardiac drug therapy" includes content: Beta blockers: Angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, heart failure controversies, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, infective endocarditis, dyslipidemias, endocrine heart diseases, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, factor xa inhibitors, and thrombin inhibitors cardiac drugs during pregnancy and lactation drug interactions, hallmark clinical trials.

470p zizaybay1101 30-04-2024 4 2   Download

Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant worldwide, but it has a narrow therapeutic index which necessitates constant monitoring of anticoagulation response. Previous genome-wide studies have focused on identifying factors explaining variance in stable dose, but have not explored the initial patient response to warfarin, and a wider range of clinical and biochemical factors affecting both initial and stable dosing with warfarin.

12p vioraclene 31-03-2024 9 2   Download

Cervical epidural hematoma (CEH) is defined as a collection of blood in the suprameningeal space. Mechanisms of this rare pathology include spontaneous, postsurgical, and traumatic as the main subtypes. This unique case of traumatic CEH represents an even smaller subset of these cases. Management varies by symptom presentation, mechanism of injury, and other contraindications.

6p vitiki 30-01-2024 3 2   Download

Practice guidelines recommend anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have other risk factors putting them at an elevated risk of stroke. These patients remain undertreated, but, with increasing use of electronic healthcare records (EHRs), it may be possible to identify candidates for treatment.

6p visteverogers 24-06-2023 4 3   Download

Pituitary apoplexy is acute infarction with or without hemorrhage of the pituitary gland. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening emergency that most commonly occurs in the setting of pituitary adenoma. The mechanisms underlying pituitary apoplexy are not well understood, but are proposed to include factors of both hemodynamic supply and adenoma demand.

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VKORC1 has been identified some years ago as the gene encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) – the target protein for coumarin derivates like warfarin or phenprocoumon. Resistance against warfarin and other coumarin-type anticoagulants has been frequently reported over the last 50 years in rodents due to problems in pest control as well as in thrombophilic patients showing variable response to anticoagulant treatment.

7p vinarcissa 21-03-2023 6 1   Download

There are several recent reports that left upper lobe lung resection is a risk factor for the development of postoperative thromboembolism. Although administering epidural analgesia is common in thoracic surgery, anesthesiologists should be alert when administering epidural analgesia to a patient undergoing left upper lobectomy, considering the increased risk of postoperative thromboembolism and the potential need for anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy in the immediate postoperative period.

4p vampires36 30-12-2021 11 0   Download

Although thrombosis complication is rare after arthroscopic meniscus surgery, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can be fatal. The associated risk factors and whether anticoagulant prevention after arthroscopic knee surgery is necessary have not reach consensus.

4p vitennessee2711 02-02-2021 16 1   Download

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is highly prevalent in cancer patients and can cause severe morbidity. VTE treatment is essential, but anticoagulation increases the risk of major bleeding. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of VTE and major bleeding on survival and to identify significant risk factors for these events in lung cancer patients.

11p viorochimaru2711 30-05-2020 14 1   Download

Neonatal renal vein thrombosis is a recognised cause of renal and inferior caval vein atresia (IVCA). However, the long-term impact of the condition is underrecognized with a high burden of morbidity for the patient, especially in adulthood. IVCA has been shown to be an independent risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with a high risk of recurrence.

7p virome2711 13-01-2020 13 1   Download

A historical cohort analysis of the Japan medical data center (JMDC) claims databases was performed to compare the incidence rates of bleeding events with warfarin (WF) versus direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study is to clarify the risk factors for bleeding events in younger patients newly treated with WF or DOAC in clinical practice setting.

8p vihasaki2711 12-11-2019 16 0   Download

Protein C inhibitor (PCI; SERPINA5) is a plasma serine protease inhibitor, and a potent inhibitor of activated protein C (APC), which plays a critical role in the anticoagulant protein C pathway. Recently, PCI was also found to form a complex with the serine protease hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), inhibiting the HGFA-catalyzed activation of the single-chain hepatocyte growth factor precursor.

7p mobifone23 21-01-2013 42 2   Download

In general, libraries play an important role in how the elderly seek information. Information literacy efforts on the part of public libraries may help the elderly to learn to become more comfortable with the Internet. If they come to view the Internet as an information-seeking tool, they may become more proactive in their medical decision-making. It remains to be seen how libraries will play a future role in teaching information literacy to the elderly so they can make the most of Internet health resources.

27p taisaokhongthedung 01-01-2013 51 4   Download

Many common problems in clinical medicine and general practice relate to arterial and venous thrombosis. Thrombosis in veins (i.e. venous thromboembolism, [VTE]) is a permanent problem in various cancers and following surgery, especially orthopaedic. Other risk factors include diabetes, smoking and obesity. It has recently been estimated that death due to VTE in the European Community exceeds those due to AIDS, breast cancer, prostate cancer and road traffic accidents combined (House of Commons Health Committee, 2005)...

113p bachduong1311 07-12-2012 63 4   Download

Table 111-3 Long-Term Treatment with Vitamin K Antagonists for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Patient Categories Duration, months Comments First episode of DVT or PE secondary to a transient (reversible) risk factor 3 Recommendation applies to both proximal and calf vein thrombosis First episode of 6–12 Continuation of idiopathic DVT or PE anticoagulant therapy after 6–12 months may be considered First episode of DVT 6–12 Continuation of or PE with a documented thrombophilic abnormality anticoagulant therapy after 6–12 months may be considered ...

6p thanhongan 07-12-2010 60 4   Download

Differential Diagnosis The differential diagnosis between DIC and severe liver disease is challenging and requires serial measurements of the laboratory parameters of DIC. Patients with severe liver disease are at risk for bleeding and manifest laboratory features including thrombocytopenia (due to platelet sequestration, portal hypertension, or hypersplenism), decreased synthesis of coagulation factors and natural anticoagulants, and elevated levels of FDP due to reduced hepatic clearance. However, in contrast to DIC, these laboratory parameters in liver disease do not change rapidly.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 130 2   Download

Coagulation Disorders Associated with Liver Failure The liver is central to hemostasis because it is the site of synthesis and clearance of most procoagulant and natural anticoagulant proteins and of essential components of the fibrinolytic system. Liver failure is associated with a high risk of bleeding due to deficient synthesis of procoagulant factors and enhanced fibrinolysis. Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with liver disease and may be due to congestive splenomegaly (hypersplenism), or immune-mediated shortened platelet life span (primary biliary cirrhosis).

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 68 2   Download

The central mechanism of DIC is the uncontrolled generation of thrombin by exposure of the blood to pathologic levels of tissue factor (Fig. 110-3). Simultaneous suppression of physiologic anticoagulant mechanisms and abnormal fibrinolysis further accelerate the process. Together these abnormalities contribute to systemic fibrin deposition in small and mid-sized vessels. The duration and intensity of the fibrin deposition can compromise the blood supply of many organs, especially the lung, kidney, liver, and brain, with consequent organ failure.

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Mixing Studies Mixing studies are used to evaluate a prolonged aPTT or, less commonly PT, to distinguish between a factor deficiency and an inhibitor. In this assay, normal plasma and patient plasma are mixed in a 50:50 ratio, and the aPTT or PT is determined immediately and after incubation at 37oC for varying times, typically 30, 60, and/or 120 min. With isolated factor deficiencies, the aPTT will correct with mixing and stay corrected with incubation. With aPTT prolongation due to a lupus anticoagulant, the mixing and incubation will show no correction.

7p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 66 3   Download

Screening Assays The most commonly used screening tests are the PT, aPTT, and platelet count. The PT assesses the factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII and X (Fig. 59-6). The PT measures the time for clot formation of the citrated plasma after recalcification and addition of thromboplastin, a mixture of TF and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the assay varies by the source of thromboplastin.

6p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 59 3   Download