Applications using ip

In this chapter we discuss our first client/server application program, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This application is discussed first because it is the first client/server application program that is used after a host is booted. In other words, it serves as a bootstrap when a host is booted and supposed to be connected to the Internet, but the host does not know its IP address.

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This chapter is an introduction to the application layer. In the next eight chapters we introduce common client-server applications used in the Internet. In this chapter, we give a general picture of how a client-server program is designed and give some simple codes of their implementation. The area of network programming is a very vast and complicated one; it cannot be covered in one chapter. We need to give a bird’s-eye view of this discipline to make the contents of the next eight chapters easier to understand.

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Biggest problem is figuring out who a piece of mail is really from Must use a higher level mechanism for trust or privacy Most SMTP clients use sendmail which has been a constant source of security problems for years

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Raw Sockets let you program at just above the network (IP) layer You could program at the IP level using the IP API but you can’t get at ICMP Raw Sockets expose ICMP you get a Raw Packet and populate the entire packet yourself for high level protocols like TCP and UDP you lose all of the functionality implemented in those layers choosing to use a Raw Socket must be weighed carefully Raw Sockets can be dangerous Raw Sockets can be against the law http://www.kumite.com/rsnbrgr/rob/grcspoof/cnn/ ...

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Part of an overall Firewall strategy Sits between the local network and the external network Originally used primarily as a caching strategy to minimize outgoing URL requests and increase perceived browser performance Primary mission is now to insure anonymity of internal users Still used for caching of frequently requested files Also used for content filtering Acts as a go-between, submitting your requests to the external network Requests are translated from your IP address to the Proxy’s IP address E-mail addresses of internal users are removed from request headers Cause an actual brea...

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RFC-1631 A short term solution to the problem of the depletion of IP addresses Long term solution is IP v6 (or whatever is finally agreed on) CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing ) is a possible short term solution NAT is another NAT is a way to conserve IP addresses Hide a number of hosts behind a single IP address Use: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0-172.32.255.255 or 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 for local networks

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Used to communicate IP status and error messages between hosts and routers Uses IP to route its messages between hosts Must be implemented with IP remember, IP is just a packet delivery system transmits and routes datagrams from sources to destinations through a series of interconnected networks it has a checksum in the IP header to detect lost bits no error detection on the datagram payload though but has no native mechanism for source host notification This is where ICMP comes in its used to report IP errors to the source host ICMP data is carried as the payload of an IP datagram specifie...

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Wireless protocols A MAC protocol for a wireless LAN provides two types of data-transfer Service Access Points (SAP): network and native. The network SAP offers an access to a legacy network protocol (e.g., IP). The native SAP provides an extended service interface that may be used by custom network protocols or user applications capable of fully exploiting the protocol specific Quality of Service (QoS) parameters within the cell service area. Broadband Radio Access Integrated Network (BRAIN) is used for millimeter wave band multimedia communications....

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When we talk about IP services, we refer to the applications, protocols, and services that not only use IP themselves, but also provide data to be used by other IP protocols.

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Applications Using IP No discussion of TCP/IP would be complete without a look at the applications that use IP.

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