Axial joints

Severe ankylosing spondylitis (AS) frequently involves hip joints and, occasionally, presents with concurrent spinal deformities, such as kyphoscoliosis, creating complex challenges for surgical management.

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The role of conventional bone scintigraphy in diagnosing early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is yet controversial. Single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) plus CT is an imaging modality that adds better anatomical information to scintigraphy of the sacroiliac (SI) joint.

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Gout is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis and is largely managed in primary care. It classically affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint and distal peripheral joints, whereas the axial joints are typically spared.

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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a disabling inflammatory joint disease with chronic low back pain (CLBP) as leading symptom. Recognizing axSpA in the large amount of CLBP patients is difficult for general practioners (GP).

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Inflammatory back pain is a condition characterized by inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and lower spine. It is frequently seen in patients with spondyloarthropathies like ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis and reactive arthritis. Inflammatory back pain can be caused by many other conditions like infection and crystal deposition such as gout.

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Facet tropism is the angular asymmetry between the left and right facet joint orientation. Although debatable, facet tropism was suggested to be associated with disc degeneration, facet degeneration and degenerative spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine.

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterised by immune-mediated arthritis and osteoproliferation, ultimately leading to joint ankylosis. Whether inflammation is necessary for osteoproliferation is controversial, fuelled by the unclear efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments on radiographic progression.

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Osteoarthritis is a degradative joint disease found in humans and commercial swine which can develop from a number of factors, including prior joint trauma. An impact injury model was developed to deliver in vitro loads to disease-free porcine patellae in a model of OA.

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This study compared clinical, laboratory and radiographic features of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nrAxSpA) of young male patients. Additionally, we sought factors which can predict the baseline inflammatory status of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in axSpA.

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The purpose of this study to compare glenohumeral joint motion during active shoulder axial rotation between subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) shoulders and asymptomatic shoulders using cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI).

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Studies have shown that the spherical shape of the lateral femoral condyle has a clear relationship with the relative axial movement of tibiofemoral joint and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.

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Although the measurement of coronal alignment of the lower limb on conventional full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior (FLWAP) radiographs was reported to be influenced by the knee joint rotation, no comparative analysis was performed considering the effects of knee joint rotation on the sagittal and axial planes simultaneously using the three-dimensional images while taking into account the actual weight-bearing conditions.

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The clinical manifestations of DGI have sometimes been classified into two stages: a bacteremic stage, which is less common today, and a joint-localized stage with suppurative arthritis. A clear-cut progression usually is not evident. Patients in the bacteremic stage have higher temperatures, and their fever is more frequently accompanied by chills. Painful joints are common and often occur in conjunction with tenosynovitis and skin lesions. Polyarthralgias usually include the knees, elbows, and more distal joints; the axial skeleton is generally spared.

9p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 52 2   Download

CHAPTER 9 COUPLING, CLUTCHING, AND BRAKING DEVICES COUPLING OF PARALLEL SHAFTS Fig. 1 One method of coupling shafts makes use of gears that can replace chains, pulleys, and friction drives. Its major limitation is the need for adequate center distance. However, an idler can be used for close centers, as shown. This can be a plain pinion or an internal gear. Transmission is at a constant velocity and there is axial freedom. Fig. 2 This coupling consists of two universal joints and a short shaft.

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The code portion of this document covers the design and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures. Among the subjects covered are: drawings and specifications; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; ...

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A cotter is a flat wedge-shaped piece of steel as shown in figure-4.2.1.1. This is used to connect rigidly two rods which transmit motion in the axial direction, without rotation. These joints may be subjected to tensile or compressive forces along the axes of the rods. Examples of cotter joint connections are: connection of piston rod to the crosshead of a steam engine, valve rod and its stem etc.

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