Biochemistry

Automated DNA sequencing is a core research tool used by almost every research biochemistry lab. It is used to determine the sequence of DNA, or the genetic code, that serves as the blueprint of life for every organism on Earth.

78p zingzing09 21-10-2012 63 8   Download

Refers to a natural process converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium to yield usable nitrogen source. • Only a few prokaryotic species can "fix" nitrogen. • Nitrogenase complex dinitrogenase dinitrogenase reductase

114p zingzing09 21-10-2012 92 8   Download

Alter the appearance, aroma, texture and flavor of a product. Deliver nutrients more effectively to the body or to make a food that is difficult to digest a bit easier to swallow. Accelerate the good fermentation time, giving a finished product in weeks instead of months.

36p zingzing09 21-10-2012 102 19   Download

Many enzymes are added to grain feeds in order to convert some of the indigestible carbohydrates acting only as dietary fiber to accessible energy sources. amylases and glycases

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Definition and basic process: 1. Induced fit 2. Mechanisms of transition state stabilization • Detailed in example to make you understand more about mechanism of enzyme catalyst: Chymotripsin

24p zingzing09 21-10-2012 93 8   Download

Trace element (iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum): chemical element that is needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient.

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Glofish is the first transgenic animal approved to be consumed by human in the USA  The insertion of different constructs of GFP into the fish genomes to give different green colors.The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973.

54p zingzing09 24-04-2013 78 6   Download

The work presented in this thesis illustrates strategies to improve the detection of glucose by NanoZymes. This was done by first determining the NanoZyme activity of Cu and bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu, followed by the application of this activity towards biosensing of glucose.

127p runthenight04 02-02-2023 6 3   Download

In diabetic patients, the body does not produce enough insulin or not properly respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by -cells of the pancreas. It stimulates the cells to absorb the glucose from the blood and its hyposecretion may leads to the over accumulation of glucose in the blood and often leading to various complications.

82p spiritedaway36 26-11-2021 20 3   Download

The human b-globin gene locus is the subject of intense study, and over the past two decades a wealth of information has accumulated on how tissue-specific and stage-specific expression of its genes is achieved. The data are extensive and it would be difficult, if not impossible, to formulate a comprehensive model integrating every aspect of what is currently known. In this review, we introduce the fundamental characteristics of globin locus regulation as well as questions on which much of the current research is predicated.

11p system191 01-06-2013 50 4   Download

Mer belongs to the Tyro 3 family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Together with Axl and Rse, the three RTKs are believed to play important functional roles in the male gonads because gene knockout male mice lacking all of these receptors are infertile. In the present study, postnatal expression of Axl and Rse in mouse testes decreased during maturation while expression of Mer increased age-dependently during testicular development.

12p system191 01-06-2013 46 3   Download

With the aim to distinguish between local and global conformational changes induced by trifluoroethanol in RNase A, spectroscopic and activity measurements in combination with proteolysis by unspecific proteases have been exploited for probing structural transitions of RNase A as a function of trifluoroethanol concentration. At 30% (v/v) trifluoroethanol (pH 8.0; 25 °C), circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy indicate a cooperative collapse of the tertiary structure of RNase A coinciding with the loss of its enzymatic activity....

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An unconventional phospholipase D (PLD) activity was identified recently in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is Ca2+-dependent, preferentially hydrolyses phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) and phosphatidylserine and does not catalyse a transphosphatidylation with primary short-chain alcohols. We have characterized the cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of the yeast PtdEtn-PLD and examined the regulation of its activity under certain growth, nutritional and stress conditions. Both forms of PtdEtn-PLD activity were similarly activated by Ca2+ ions in a biphasic manner.

10p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of a putative specific cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), on arachidonic acid (AA) release and lipid mediator biosynthesis by ionophore-stimulated human neutrophils. Initial studies indicated that AACOCF3 at concentrations 0–10 lM did not affect AA release from neutrophils. In contrast, AACOCF3 potently inhibited leukotriene B4 formation by ionophore-stimulated neutrophils (IC50  2.5 lM).

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The design of b-glycosidases with planed substrate specificity for biotechnological application has received little attention. This is mostly a consequence of the lack of data on the molecular basis of the b-glycosidase specificity, namely data on the energy of the noncovalent interactions in the enzymetransition state complex. In an attempt to fill this gap, sitedirected mutagenesis and enzyme steady-state kinetic experiments with different substrates were conducted, using as model a digestive b-glycosidase (glycoside hydrolase family 1) from Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera) (Sfbgly50).

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Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bari, Italy; 2Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari, Italy; 3Center for the Study of Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism (CNR) Bari, Italy Mitochondrial bioenergetic impairment has been found in the organelles isolated from rat liver during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration.

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The case of homologous monomeric c-type and oligomeric b-type crystallins has been described and analyzed in evolutionary terms. Data and hypotheses from molecular genetics and structural investigations converge and suggest a novel three-phase model for the evolutionary history of crystallin-type proteins. In the divergent cascades of monomeric and oligomeric crystallins, a pivotal role was played by alterations in the gene segments encoding the C-terminal extensions and the intermotif or interdomain linker peptides.

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An immuno-homologue of maize Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)dependent protein kinase with a molecular mass of 72 kDa was identified in pea. The pea kinase (PsCCaMK) was upregulated in roots in response to low temperature and increased salinity. Exogenous Ca2+ application increased the kinase level and the response was faster than that obtained following stress application. Low temperaturemediated, but not salinity-mediated stress kinase increase was inhibited by the application of EGTA and W7, a CaM inhibitor....

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Sensitization to cockroach allergens is associated with the development of asthma. Bla g 1 is a German cockroach allergen that shows allergenic cross-reactivity with American cockroach allergen, Per a 1, and has a molecular structure composed of multiple tandem amino-acid repeats. Two consecutive repeats are not identical but form a duplex that constitutes a basic molecular unit of Bla g 1. By molecular mass, purified natural Bla g 1 would contain approximately two duplexes.

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Introducing site-directed mutations in surface-exposed residues of subunit II of the heme aa3 cytochrome c oxidase of Paracoccus denitrificans, we analyze the kinetic parameters of electron transfer from reduced horse heart cytochrome c. Specifically we address the following issues: (a) which residues on oxidase contribute to the docking site for cytochrome c, (b) is an aromatic side chain required for electron entry from cytochrome c, and (c) what is the molecular basis for the previously observed biphasic reaction kinetics....

9p system191 01-06-2013 37 3   Download