Biological evidence

Completely and systematic study of taxonomy of the Cashew family (Anacardiaceae) in Vietnam, based on evidence of morphology and molecular biology, as a scientific basis for the compilation of Flora of Vietnam about Anacardiaceae in Vietnam.

27p angicungduoc11 17-04-2021 20 4   Download

We report here the direct evidence for the formation of alternative DNA structures in a plasmid DNA, termed pTIR10, containing a 0.23-kb pyrimidine/purine-biased (Pyr/Pur) stretch isolated from the rat genome. Long Pyr/Pur sequences are abundant in eukaryotic genomes, and they may modulate the biological activity of genes and genomes via formation of various types of triplex-related structures. The plasmid DNA in sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.35) was deposited on APS-modified mica, and after drying it was imaged with an atomic force microscope in air. ...

5p system191 01-06-2013 34 3   Download

Transglutaminase (TGase) catalyses the post-translational modification of proteins by transamidation of available glutamine residues. While several TGase genes of fish and arthropods have been cloned and appear to have similar structures to those of mammals, no homologous gene has been found in lower eukaryotes. We have cloned the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum TGase cDNA using RT-PCR with degenerated primers, based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The cDNA contained a 2565-bp ORF encoding a 855-residue polypeptide.

10p research12 01-06-2013 48 4   Download

Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling plays essential roles in eliciting adequate cellular responses to stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. SAPK pathways are composed of three successive protein kinase reactions. The phosphorylation of SAPK signaling components on Ser/Thr or Thr/Tyr residues suggests the involvement of various protein phosphatases in the negative regulation of these systems.

7p research12 01-06-2013 54 4   Download

Y238, oneof thevery fewconservedresidues in theactive site ofD-amino acid oxidases (DAAO), was mutated to phe-nylalanine and serine in the enzyme from the yeastRhodo-torula gracilis. The mutated proteins are catalytically competent thus eliminating Tyr238 as an active-site acid/ base catalyst. Y238FandY238Smutants exhibit a threefold slower turnover on D-alanine as substrate, which can be attributed to a slower rate of product release relative to the wild-type enzyme (a change of the rate constants for sub-strate binding was also evident). ...

10p research12 29-04-2013 58 5   Download

When theaand bchains were separated from human oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), each individual chain was oxidized easily to the ferric form, their rates being almost the same with a very strong acid-catalysis. In the HbO2tetramer, on theother hand, bothchains become considerably resistant to autoxidation over a wide range of pH values (pH 5±11).

10p research12 29-04-2013 43 4   Download

Natively unfolded or intrinsically unstructured proteins constitute a unique group of the protein kingdom. The evolutionary persistence of such proteins represents strong evidence in the favor of their importance and raises intriguing questions about the role of protein disorders in biological processes. Additionally, natively unfolded pro-teins,withtheir lackoforderedstructure, represent attractive targets for the biophysical studies of the unfolded polypep-tidechainunderphysiological conditionsinvitro....

11p research12 29-04-2013 42 4   Download

People everywhere expected the new millennium to bring surprises. But the particular shock and horror that rippled through the international viticulture community in 2000 was most unexpected. It had been found that sixteen of the most highly prized varieties of wine-making grapes were the products of mating between the classic Pinot and the classically undervalued Gouais grape. This blew the proverbial cork off the industry's bottle because the Gouais was considered such an inferior specimen that there were even attempts to ban its cultivation in France during the Middle Ages.

8p zingzing09 24-04-2013 57 3   Download

mRNA stabilization plays an important role in the changes in protein expression initiated by inducers of inflammation or direct cell stress such as UV light. This study provides evidence that stabilization in response to UV light differs from that induced by proinflammatory stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide or interleukin (IL)-1. Firstly, UV-induced stabilization is independent of the p38 MAP kinase pathway, which has previously been shown to medi-ate stabilization induced by IL-1 or lipopolysaccharide....

10p tumor12 22-04-2013 45 2   Download

The structure–activity relations of a series of synthetic phenoxazone drugs with aminoalkyl side chains of variable length and different terminal groups were investigated by examining their biological activity and DNA complexation affinity. Biological activitywas determined fromtheir ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle perturbations (activation of cell cycle checkpoints) using the human malignant MOLT-3 cell line. The thermodynamic parameters of drug– DNA complexation were determined by differential scan-ning calorimetry....

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 37 4   Download

Earlier we presented several lines of evidence that a 67-kDa laminin binding protein (LBP) inLeishmania donovani,that is different from the putative mammalian 67-kDa laminin receptor, may play an important role in the onset of leish-maniasis, as these parasites invade macrophages in various organs after migrating through the extracellular matrix. Here we describe the membrane orientation of thisLeish-manialaminin receptor.

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 45 4   Download

Recombinant, bacterially expressed apoptin protein induces apoptosis inhuman tumour cell lines but not innormal cells, mimicking the behaviour of ectopically expressed apoptin. Recombinant apoptin is isolated exclusively as a highly stablemultimeric complex of 30–40monomers, with little, if any,a-helical and b-sheet structure. Despite its apparent disorder, multimeric apoptin is biologically active. Here, we present evidence thatmost of the apoptinmoietieswithin the complex may well share a similar conformation.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 32 3   Download

The currently applied reaction structure in stoichiometric flux balance mod-els for the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is not in accordance with the established ping-pong kinetic mechanism of the enzymes transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) and transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2). Based upon the ping-pong mechanism, the traditional reactions of the nonoxida-tive branch of the pentose phosphate pathway are replaced by metabolite specific, reversible, glycolaldehyde moiety (C2 ) and dihydroxyacetone moi-ety (C3) fragments producing and consuming half-reactions. ...

13p fptmusic 12-04-2013 42 3   Download

The State 1 to State 2 transition in the photosynthetic membranes of plants and green algae involves the functional coupling of phosphorylated light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II (LHCII) to photosystem I (PSI). We present evidence suggesting that inChlamydomonas reinhardtiithis coupling may be aided by a hyper-phosphorylated form of the LHCII-like CP29 protein (Lhcbm4).

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 36 2   Download

Members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily play import-ant roles in the inhibition of serine proteases involved in complex systems. This is evident in the regulation of coagulation serine proteases, especially the central enzyme in this system, thrombin. This review focuses on three serpins which are known to be key players in the regulation of thrombin: antithrombin and heparin cofactor II, which inhibit thrombin in its pro-coagulant role, and protein C inhibitor, which primarily inhibits the throm-bin⁄thrombomodulin complex, where thrombin plays an anticoagulant role. .

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 40 3   Download

The transforming growth factorb(TGF-b) superfamily includes bone mor-phogenetic proteins, activins and TGF-bsensu stricto (s.s). These ligands, which transduce their signal through a heteromeric complex of type I and type II receptors, have been shown to play a key role in numerous biologi-cal processes including early embryonic development in both deuterostomes and ecdyzozoans.

17p fptmusic 11-04-2013 27 2   Download

Recent cloning of theXenopus laevis(Xl) matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene indicated the presence of a conserved overall structure for this gene between mammals and amphibians but identified an additional 5¢-exon, not detected in mammals, flanked by a functional, calcium-sensitive promoter, 3042 bp distant from the ATG initiation codon.

0p awards 06-04-2013 42 3   Download

Nephrin is a signalling cell–cell adhesion protein of the Ig superfamily and the first identified component of the slit diaphragm that forms the critical and ultimate part of the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier. The extracellular domains of the nephrin molecules form a network of homophilic and heterophilic interactions building the structural scaffold of the slit dia-phragm between the podocyte foot processes.

16p awards 05-04-2013 44 4   Download

Nongenomic action of an insect steroid hormone, 20-hy-droxyecdysone (20E), has been implicated in several 20E-dependent events including the programmed cell death of Bombyxanterior silk glands (ASGs), but no information is available for themodeof theaction.Weprovide evidence for a putative membrane receptor located in the plasma mem-brane of the ASGs. Membrane fractions prepared from the ASGs exhibit high binding activity to [ 3 H]ponasterone A (PonA).

9p awards 05-04-2013 45 5   Download

The haem-distal pocket of nitric oxide reductase cyto-chrome P450 contains many Arg and Lys residues that are clustered to form a putative access channel for NADH. Asp88 is the sole negatively charged amino acid in this positive charge cluster, and thus it would be interesting to know its functional role.

8p dell39 03-04-2013 40 5   Download