Biological types

Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive type of central nevous system malignancy characterized by many distinct biological features including extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia in glioblatoma associates with complex signaling patterns including activation of several pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 with the master regulator HIF-1, which in turn drive particular tumor behaviors determining, in the end, treatment outcomes and patients fate.

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Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that affects women’s reproductive system. The risk of endometrial cancer is associated with biologic, behavioral and social determinants of health (SDOH).

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NUP155 is reported to be correlated with tumor development. However, the role of NUP155 in tumor physiology and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has not been previously examined. This study comprehensively investigated the expression, immunological function, and prognostic significance of NUP155 in different cancer types.

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Sarcosperma, which belongs to the Sapotaceae family, is composed of 11 species distributed in Asia, five of which are found in Viet Nam. As a result, in a recent paper, we reported on the isolation of two new compounds, sarcokontums A and B, from the stems and leaves of this plant.

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Ebook Modern neurosurgery of meningiomas and pituitary adenomas presents the state-of-the-art of neurosurgery for these two types of tumors. Following a classification of the pituitary adenomas according to pathology, molecular biological factors are presented and their effects evaluated as these aspects deepen our understanding of the growth and further expansion of these tumors.

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The book provides comprehensive overviews on the diversity of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms and types of biosurfactant molecules that are made. Also, the book includes a state-of-the-art discussion on the use of alternative substrates and fermentation approaches for biosurfactant production.

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The chapters are divided into 4 parts: Part I describes flagellar type III protein exports, assembly, and gene regulation in S.

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Ebook "Adult stem cells (Second edition)" takes a critical look at issues concerning the developmental or differentiation potential for a variety of tissue types and for specific adult stem cell types. Since the first edition appeared a decade ago, our understanding of adult stem cells, and more specifically tissue-specific adult stem cells, has advanced tremendously. And an increased interest in regenerative medicine and potential stem cell applications has driven a quest for better understanding of stem cell biology.

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The various intuitive reasoning types in many cases comprise the core of students’ misconceptions about concepts, procedures and phenomena that pertain to natural sciences. Some researchers support the existence of a relatively closer connection between the right hemisphere and intuitive thought, mainly due to a notably closer relation of individual intuitive cognitive processes with specific right hemisphere regions.

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Ebook "Cell-cell channels" covers the topic of cell-cell channels at all levels of biological organization, starting with bacteria and unicellular ciliates, via algal, fungal and plant cells, up to and including the diverse cell types of animals. We hope that this book will help update the traditional cell theory and will also stimulate new discussions concerning the basic units of life.

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Ebook "Trends in stem cell biology and technology" highlight both of these aspects: that of understanding the “actual” and that of developing the “possible. ” In recognition of the growing excitement and potential of stem cells as models for both the advancement of basic science and future clinical applications, I felt it timely to edit this book in which forefront investigators would provide new findings for the use of stem cells to study various lineages and tissue types and some applications.

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Ebook "Regenerative biology of the eye" is a comprehensive look at the current knowledge on stem cell application for vision loss, showcasing different types of stem cells (adult, embryonic, iPSCs) for diseases of the front and the back of the eye. It also highlights data obtained in various models from fish to human, as well as from the bionic eye project for vision regeneration.

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In ebook "Human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and breastfeeding: Science, research advances, and policy" expert HIV researchers critically review every aspect of this highly evolving and topical subject. The opening chapters deal with the epidemiology, global magnitude and biologic mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission from mother to child through breastfeeding and include considerations of the virus (quantity, compartments, characteristics) and the host (genetic, immunity-innate, cellular, humoral).

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several hundred susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D). One critical, but unresolved, issue concerns the extent to which the mechanisms through which these diverse signals influencing T2D predisposition converge on a limited set of biological processes.

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Next-generation sequencing has allowed for the identification of different genetic variations, which are known to contribute to diseases. Of these, insertions and deletions are the second most abundant type of variations in the genome, but their biological importance or disease association is not well-studied, especially for deletions of intermediate sizes.

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying biological mechanisms for many of these associations remain unknown. GWAS signals close to the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR) have been reported for lipid and glucose metabolism traits and the risk of T2D.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. However, despite extensive clinical and genomic studies, the molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive.

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Cancer researchers use cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, engineered mice, and tumoroids as models to investigate tumor biology and to identify therapies. The generalizability and power of a model derive from the fidelity with which it represents the tumor type under investigation; however, the extent to which this is true is often unclear.

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A complex set of perturbations occur in cytokines and hormones in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and related cardiometabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence for the genetic regulation of these cytokines and hormones is limited, particularly in African-ancestry populations. In order to improve our understanding of the biology of cardiometabolic traits.

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Ebook "Advances in quantum methods and applications in chemistry, physics, and biology" includes peer-reviewed contributions based on carefully selected presentations given at the 17th International Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. New trends and state-of-the-art developments in the quantum theory of atomic and molecular systems, and condensed matter (including biological systems and nanostructures) are described by academics of international distinction.

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