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Biologically effective dose
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This brief describes studies conducted by the authors on mid-size drugs utilizing peptides and peptidomimetics, and on the development of anti-HIV agents. Peptides are important biological molecules and have various physiological actions. Peptide-based drug discovery may help bring about the development of useful medicines that are highly safe and show potent pharmacological effects in small doses.
113p
vimeyers
29-05-2024
3
2
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A large number of studies have demonstrated the wound-healing effects of LLLT in vitro, in animal models, and in clinical practice. However, there are also differences in the study results, which are dose and wavelength dependent of LLLT. Objective: Evaluation of the wound healing process in experimental animals treated with low- level laser therapy in clinical and histopathology.
8p
vioraclene
31-03-2024
12
2
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The overall aim of this study is to determine the most effective way to reduce the radiation dose to the breast during non-breast related CT scans, whilst still maintaining a suitable image quality. This study will attempt to compare the doses and noise of various protocols that can be used for dose reduction, including tube current modulation, bismuth breast shields and manual reduction of tube current.
111p
runthenight07
01-03-2023
4
2
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate how susceptible Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations are to Metarhizium robertsii and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in laboratory conditions.
8p
viporsche
28-10-2022
7
2
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The clinical use of cisplatin, which is a first-line anticancer agent, is highly restricted due to its adverse effects on kidneys that lead to nephrotoxicity. Therefore, some potential reno-protective substances have been used in combination with cisplatin to cope with nephrotoxicity. Due to its high antitumor activity and oxygen-carrying capacity, we investigated the molecular effects of squalene against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in mice. Single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was given to male Balb/c mice.
10p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
15
1
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In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of a novel naphthoquinone-derived compound (1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ)) against two different breast cancer cells: a hormone-responsive cell line (MCF-7) and a triple-negative cell line (MDA-MB-231). As a result, 1,4-NQ decreased cell viability in both tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Increased apoptotic markers (presence of pyknotic nuclei, annexin-V positivity, caspase 3/7 activity, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage were especially observed in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with the compound.
8p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
21
0
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Camphor is widely used in pharmacy, the food industry, and cosmetics. In this study, we evaluate inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of camphor in the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which presents a unicellular model in mechanistic toxicology and cell biology. Low-dose camphor exposure (0.4 mg/mL) activated autophagy, which was shown by GFP-Atg8 dots and transcriptional upregulation of Atg6 (Beclin-1 ortholog). Autophagy was also confirmed by using autophagy-deficient cells, which showed reduction in GFP-Atg8 dot formation. However, high-dose camphor exposure (0.
9p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
8
1
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One of the most challenging problems in colorectal cancer (CRC) is resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is related to chemoresistance and is overexpressed in several human cancer cell types. Here, we investigated the changes in the expression of PD-L1 in DOX-treated CRC and breast cancer (BRC) cells. Also, to address PD-L1 regulation, we assessed expression levels of miR-140 and miR-34a, two microRNAs that can target the 3’ UTR region of the gene encoding PD-L1.
9p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
5
1
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The main aim of the current study is to determine sufficient RANKL/MCSF concentrations for differentiation of the cells to osteoclasts and to describe the repressive effect of MEL on the osteoclastogenesis of these cells. In this regard, it was found that 10 ng/mL of RANKL- and MCSF-containing medium is suitable for inducing osteoclastogenesis of the cells. In addition, melatonin at doses in the range of 100–1000 µM does not have a cytotoxic effect.
10p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
7
2
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Garcinia species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of Garcinia atroviridis (GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) in obese female rats. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD guidelines.
18p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
8
1
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Radiation exposure due to the detonation of an improvised nuclear device remains a major security concern. Radiation from such a device involves a combination of photons and neutrons. Although photons will make the greater contribution to the total dose, neutrons will certainly have an impact on the severity of the exposure as they have high relative biological effectiveness.
14p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
5
2
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Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor α monoclonal antibody, significantly reduces the number of annual exacerbations and oral corticosteroid (OCS) maintenance doses for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). However, few studies on the efficacy of this biologic in real life are available.
10p
vimichigan2711
26-03-2021
10
2
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The biological effects of physical mutagen gamma rays and chemical mutagen Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS) were analyzed in two varieties of cowpea viz., VBN-1, and C152. Five different doses of gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) and five different concentrations of EMS (5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM and 25 mM) were used for inducing mutations in these two varieties.
11p
chauchaungayxua10
19-03-2021
14
2
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The standard dose of rituximab used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1000 mg but recent studies have shown that low dose (500 mg) is also effective. Efficacy of low dose rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to first-line non-biologic Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), compared to leflunomide is unknown.
10p
vitennessee2711
02-02-2021
8
2
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The underlying molecular processes representing stress responses to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) in mammals are just beginning to be understood. In particular, LDIR effects on the brain and their possible association with neurodegenerative disease are currently being explored using omics technologies.
9p
vioklahoma2711
19-11-2020
24
1
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The development of high throughput sequencing techniques provides us with the possibilities to obtain large data sets, which capture the effect of dynamic perturbations on cellular processes. However, because of the dynamic nature of these processes, the analysis of the results is challenging.
10p
vicolorado2711
23-10-2020
11
2
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Increasing the biological effective dose (BED) of radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can increase local control rates and improve overall survival. Compared with conventional fractionated radiotherapy, accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy can yield higher BED, shorten the total treatment time, and theoretically obtain better efficacy.
13p
vinaypyidaw2711
26-08-2020
13
1
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A high rate of glycolysis leading to elevated lactate content has been linked to poor clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck and cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy. Although the biological explanation for this relationship between lactate and treatment response remains unclear, there is a continued interest in evaluating strategies of targeting metabolism to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy.
12p
vidhaka2711
31-07-2020
13
3
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Better surgical techniques, chemotherapy and biological therapy have improved survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), most markedly in younger patients. About half of patients over 70 years receive dose reductions or early treatment discontinuation of the planned adjuvant or first-line treatment due to side effects.
9p
vidhaka2711
31-07-2020
10
2
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Studies on mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of sodium azide on Indian mustard in M2 generation
Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness is an important factor for the selection of a mutagen for a mutation breeding program. The mutagenic efficiency gives an idea of the proportion of mutation on relation to the other associated undesirable biological effects such as lethality, sterility and meiotic aberrations while mutagenic effectiveness is a measure of the frequency of the mutation induced by unit dose of mutagens. The usefulness of any particular mutagen in crop breeding depends not only on its mutagenic effectiveness but also on the mutagenic efficiency of the mutagen.
4p
gaocaolon5
14-06-2020
16
1
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