Biology of aquatic organisms

A variety of organisms have been investigated to evaluate their potential as biological indicators of different forms of pollution in the aquatic environment (e.g. review by Gunkel 1994). Certain species have been identified as being highly sensitive either in their physiological response to aquatic contaminants or in their ability to accumulate particular toxins in a dose-time dependent manner.

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Fish are aquatic vertebrates with fins for appendages. They "breathe" by means of gills. Fish make up the largest of the vertebrate groups with over 20,000 species. They can be found in a great variety of lakes, streams, oceans and estuaries. Fish are divided into two groups based on the composition of their skeletons. The sharks, skates and rays are cartilaginous fish. Their skeletons are made of cartilage, the same flexible material in your ear lobes and nose. The majority of fish have skeletons made of bone and are called bony fish....

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