Blood vessels of the brain

Ebook "Metabolism of human diseases: Organ physiology and pathophysiology" examines the physiology of key organs (e.g. brain, eye, lung, heart, blood vessels, blood, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, fat tissue, kidney, reproductive system, teeth, bone and joints) and how defective metabolism and signaling pathways within these organs contribute to common human diseases. The book also describes commonly used drugs and explains their molecular targets.

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Brain tumor vasculature can be significantly compromised and leakier than that of normal brain blood vessels. Little is known if there are vascular permeability alterations in the brain adjacent to tumor (BAT).

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(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Anatomy and manual of practical (Vol 3 - Sixteenth edition) has contents: The contents of the vertebral canal, the blood vessels of the brain, the spinal cord, the brainstem, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, the cerebrum,.... and other contents. Invite you to refer.

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(bq) part 2 book "sobotta atlas of human anatomy" presents the following contents: head (verview, skeleton and joints, muscles, topography, vessels and nerves,...), eye (overview, outer ear, middle ear, auditory tube, inner ear,..), ear, neck, brain and spinal cord.

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(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Atlas of anatomy presents the following contents: Upper limb, lower limb, head and neck, neuroanatomy, temporal bone and ear, blood vessels of the brain, functional systems, autonomic nervous system, neurovasculature of the skull and face.

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Formation of new blood vessels is required for the growth and metastasis of all solid tumors. New blood vessels are established in tumors mainly through angiogenesis. Brain tumors in particular are highly angiogenic. Therefore, interventions designed to prevent angiogenesis may be effective at controlling brain tumors.

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The vascular network of the brain is formed by the invasion of vascular sprouts from the pia mater toward the ventricles. Following angiogenesis of the primary vascular network, brain vessels experience a maturation pro-cess known as barriergenesis, in which the blood–brain barrier is formed.

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The male reproductive system is adapted for internal fertilization. The penis is a structure that has evolved to deposit sperm safely within the female’s body. The tube that passes through the penis, the urethra, has two functions. It is the pathway for sperm out of the body as well as the pathway for urine to leave the body after having been stored in the uri- nary bladder. At the time of sexual excitement, a valve closes. This valve prevents the bladder from releasing urine. At the same time, nerve impulses from the brain cause blood vessels in the penis to relax.

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For older adults who experience depression for the i rst time later in life, other factors, such as changes in the brain or body, may be at play. For example, older adults may sufer from restricted blood low, a condition called ischemia. Over time, blood vessels become less l exible. hey may harden and prevent blood from l owing normally to the body’s organs, including the brain. If this occurs, an older adult with no family or personal history of depression may develop what some doctors call “vascular depression.” hose with vascular depression also may be at risk for...

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A stroke is a loss of blood flow in the brain. There are two kinds of stroke. One is an ischemic stroke. It happens when a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked. The other kind is called a hemorrhagic, or bleeding, stroke. This happens when a blood vessel breaks.

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Neurogenic shock is shock caused by the sudden loss of the autonomic nervous system signals to the smooth muscle in vessel walls. This can result from severe central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) damage. With the sudden loss of background sympathetic stimulation, the vessels suddenly relax resulting in a sudden decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (vasodilatation) and decreased blood pressure.

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The central mechanism of DIC is the uncontrolled generation of thrombin by exposure of the blood to pathologic levels of tissue factor (Fig. 110-3). Simultaneous suppression of physiologic anticoagulant mechanisms and abnormal fibrinolysis further accelerate the process. Together these abnormalities contribute to systemic fibrin deposition in small and mid-sized vessels. The duration and intensity of the fibrin deposition can compromise the blood supply of many organs, especially the lung, kidney, liver, and brain, with consequent organ failure.

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Introductio: β-Blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) block the effects of catecholamines on signal transmission through β-receptors; they cause hypotension by decreasing the heart beat rate and cardiac output, and prevent the attacks of arrhythmia and angina pectoris. In the brain, the drugs attenuate migraine by suppressing the dilation of blood vessels; in the eye, they decrease intraocular pressure by suppressing the production of aqueous humor.

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