Body of the report

Chapter 11 - Writing strategies for reports and proposals. When you finish this chapter, you should: Explain how to adapt to your audiences when writing reports and proposals; name five characteristics of effective report content; list the topics commonly covered in the introduction, body, and close of formal reports;...

19p nomoney2 10-02-2017 50 2   Download

Affinity reagents capable of selective recognition of the different human immunoglobulin isotypes are important detection and purification tools in biotechnology. Here we describe the development and characterization of affinity proteins (affibodies) showing selective binding to human IgA. From protein libraries constructed by combinatorial mutagenesis of a 58-amino-acid, three-helix bundle domain derived from the IgG-binding staphylococcal protein A, variants showing IgA binding were selected by using phage display technology and IgA monoclonal antibodies (myeloma) as target molecules. ...

9p system191 01-06-2013 39 3   Download

Prolamellar bodies (PLB) contain two photochemically active forms of the enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase POR-PChlide640 and POR-PChlide650 (the spectral forms of POR-Chlide complexes with absorption maxima at the indicated wavelengths). Resuspension of maize PLB in media with a pH below 6.8 leads to a rapid conversion of POR-PChlide650 to POR-PChlide640 and a dramatic re-organization of the PLB membrane system. In the absence of excess NADPH, the absorption maximum of the POR complex undergoes a further shift to about 635 nm....

11p research12 01-06-2013 39 4   Download

The centromere–kinetochore complex is a highly specialized chromatin domain that both mediates and monitors chromosome–spindle interactions responsible for accurate partitioning of sister chromatids to daughter cells. Centromeres are distinguished from adjacent chromatin by specific patterns of histone modification and the presence of a centromere-specific histone H3 variant (e.g. CENP-A). Centromere-proximal regions usually correspond to sites of avid and persistent sister chromatid cohesion mediated by the conserved cohesin complex.

15p research12 01-06-2013 49 4   Download

In late larvae of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina, arylphorin and LSP-2 proteins, which belong to the class of hexamerins, are selectively taken up by the fat body from the haemolymph. Hexamerin endocytosis is mediated by a specific membranebound receptor, the arylphorin-binding protein (ABP). Using the two-hybrid technique, we found that the anterior fat body protein (AFP) interacts with the hexamerin receptor.

7p research12 01-06-2013 32 4   Download

Sugar conjugation is a major pathway for the inactivation and excretion of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. We report here the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a phenol UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which was named BmUGT1. The complete cDNA clone is 1.6 kb, and the gene is expressed in several tissues of fifth-instar larvae, including fat body, midgut, integument, testis, silk gland and haemocytes. The predicted protein comprises 520 amino acids and has  30% overall amino-acid identity with other members of the UGT family.

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Hevamine is a chitinase from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. Its active site contains Asp125, Glu127, and Tyr183, which interact with the )1 sugar residue of the substrate. To investigate their role in catalysis, we have successfully expressed wild-type enzyme and mutants of these residues as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. After refolding and purification they were characterized by both structural and enzyme kinetic studies. Mutation of Tyr183 to phenylalanine produced an enzyme with a lower kcat and a slightly higher Km than the wild-type enzyme.

9p research12 01-06-2013 48 4   Download

In this study, we demonstrate that the folding and assembly of IgG in transgenic tobacco plants is orchestrated by BiP (binding protein), an endoplasmic reticulum resident chap-erone. Expression of BiP and calreticulin was examined in transgenic tobacco plants that express immunoglobulin chains, either singly or in combination to form IgG anti-body. BiP mRNA expression was lowest in wild-type nontransformed plants and those that expressed immuno-globulin light chain alone.

10p tumor12 22-04-2013 36 3   Download

Ostreolysin is a 16-kDa cytolytic protein specifically expressed in primordia and fruiting bodies of the edible mushroomPleurotus ostreatus.Tounderstand its interaction with lipid membranes,we compared its effects on mamma-lian cells,on vesicles preparedwith either pure lipids or total lipid extracts,and on dispersions of lysophospholipids or fatty acids.

12p tumor12 20-04-2013 36 3   Download

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ofChlamydia trachomatis serotype E was isolated from tissue culture-grown element-ary bodies and analyzed structurally by mass spectrometry and 1 H, 13 Cand31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. The LPS is composed of the same pentasaccharide bisphosphate aKdo-(2–8)-aKdo-(2–4)-aKdo-(2–6)-bGlcN-4P-(1–6)-aGlcN-1P (Kdo is 3-deoxy-a-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) as reported forC. trachomatisserotype L2[Rund,S.,Lind-ner,B.,Brade,H. and Holst,O. (1999)J. Biol. Chem.274, 16819–16824].

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 39 4   Download

Crotamine is a component of the venom of the snakeCro-talus durissus terrificusand it belongs to the myotoxin pro-tein family. It is a 42 amino acid toxin cross-linked by three disulfide bridges and characterized by a mild toxicity (LD50¼820lg per 25 g body weight, i.p. injection) when compared to other members of the same family. Nonethe-less, it possesses a wide spectrum of biological functions.

11p fptmusic 16-04-2013 30 2   Download

In order to understand the roles of the epoxide hydrolases (EHs) in xenobiotic biotransformation in insects, we exam-ined the induction of EHs by exogenous compounds in Drosophila melangasterthird instar larvae. Among the chemicals tested, clofibrate, a phenoxyacetate hypolipider-mics drug, increased EH activity towardscis-stilbene oxide approximately twofold in larval whole-body homogenates. The same dose of clofibrate also induced glutathione S-transferase activity.

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 36 2   Download

Catalytic antibodies capable of digesting crucial proteins of pathogenic bac-teria have long been sought for potential therapeutic use. Helicobacter pyloriurease plays a crucial role for the survival of this bacterium in the highly acidic conditions of human stomach. The HpU-9 monoclonal anti-body (mAb) raised againstH. pyloriurease recognized thea-subunit of the urease, but only slightly recognized theb-subunit. However, when isolated both the light and the heavy chains of this antibody were mostly bound to the b-subunit....

9p fptmusic 11-04-2013 45 3   Download

Fibrillization ofa-synuclein (a-Syn) is closely associated with the formation of Lewy bodies in neurons and dopamine (DA) is a potent inhibitor for the process, which is implicated in the causative pathogenesis of Parkin-son’s disease (PD). To elucidate any molecular mechanism that may have biological relevance, we tested the inhibitory abilities of DA and several analogs including chemically synthetic and natural polyphenols in vitro.

12p fptmusic 11-04-2013 43 2   Download

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway accompanied by the presence of intracellular cytoplasmic inclusions, termed Lewy bodies. Fibrillized a-synuclein forms the major component of Lewy bodies. We reported a specific interaction between rata-synuclein and tat binding protein 1, a subunit of PA700, the regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome.

11p fptmusic 11-04-2013 37 1   Download

Misfolded proteins, aggregates, and inclusion bodies are hall-marks of the cytopathology of neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington’s disease, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Prion diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease. The appearance of proteins with altered folded states is regula-ted by the protein folding quality control machinery and age-dependent. We have identified an unexpected molecular link between metabolic state, accumulation of damaged proteins, the heat-shock response and chaperones, and longevity....

61p fptmusic 11-04-2013 44 5   Download

Lectins belonging to the jacalin-related lectin family are distributed widely in the plant kingdom. Recently, two mannose-specific lectins having tan-dem repeat-type structures were discovered in Castanea crenata(angio-sperm) and Cycas revoluta(gymnosperm). The occurrence of such similar molecules in taxonomically less related plants suggests their importance in the plant body.

16p awards 06-04-2013 34 3   Download

Temperature effects on the kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase (PFK) purified from skeletal muscle of the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis, were examined at 37
C and 5
C, values character-istic of body temperatures in euthermia vs. hibernation. The enzyme showed reduced sensitivity to all activators at 5
C, theKa values for AMP, ADP, NH4 + and F2,6P2 were 3–11-fold higher at 5
C than at 37
C. Inhibition by citrate was not affected whereas phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP and urea became more potent inhibitors at low temperature. ...

0p awards 05-04-2013 41 2   Download

D-Ornithine aminomutase from Clostridium sticklandii comprises two strongly associating subunits, OraS and OraE, with molecular masses of 12 800 and 82 900 Da. Previous studies have shown that inEscherichia colithe recombinant OraS protein is synthesized in the soluble form and OraE as inclusion bodies. Refolding experiments also indicate that the interactions between OraS and OraE and the binding of either pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) or aden-osylcobalamin (AdoCbl) play important roles in the refolding process....

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Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate a large number of T-cells through interaction with the Vbdomain of T-cell receptors (TCRs). In this study, recombinant TCRbchains were constructed with human variable domains Vb5.2, Vb1and Vb2.1, expressed as inclusion bodies, refolded and purified. The Streptococcus pyogenesSAg SSA-1 was cloned and expressed as a soluble periplasmicprotein. SSA-1wasobtainedbothas amonomer and a dimer that has an intermolecular disulfide bond. ...

9p awards 05-04-2013 37 5   Download