Chemical mutagens

Part 1 of ebook "Food chemistry (4th revised and extended edition)" provides readers with contents including: water; phase transition of foods containing water; amino acids, peptides, proteins; carbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl derivatives; mutagenic heterocyclic compounds ; enzymes; lipids; crystalline structure, melting points; carbohydrates; chemical reactions and derivatives; aroma compounds; aroma extract dilution analysis; vitamins; minerals; food additives;...

510p lytamnguyet 04-08-2023 4 3   Download

The evolution of industrialization has been marked by an increase in the utilization of chemically derived new products. Water bodies like sea, rivers and lakes are frequently contaminated by industrial wastewater which discarded toxic pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals that possess carcinogenic mutagenic properties.

25p thebadguys 15-01-2022 14 0   Download

The main of two-stage polymorphism was 67.6%, and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged between 0 to 0.449 in the bud stage and from 0 to 0.338 from in the seedling stage. Estimation of genetic diversity and selection of prefered mutants would be considerable importance in enhancement breeding programs and to identify of genotypes with higher desirable traits for further multiplication and commercial production.

7p mudbound 10-12-2021 7 1   Download

In this study, hard wood cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinenis Cultivar Red Single were treated with nine different dose of gamma rays (1 to 5 k R) and ten different concentrations of EMS ranging from 0.1% to 1.0%. The results revealed that gradual reduction in survival of cuttings, shoot length, leaf length and leaf width with increase in dosage of gamma rays and EMS. However gamma rays treated plants showed significant gradual reduction in growth rate than the EMS treated plants. Based on probit analysis, LD50 (Lethal dose) value for gamma radiation and EMS have been fixed as 2.81 kR and 0.

8p chauchaungayxua10 19-03-2021 16 2   Download

The biological effects of physical mutagen gamma rays and chemical mutagen Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS) were analyzed in two varieties of cowpea viz., VBN-1, and C152. Five different doses of gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) and five different concentrations of EMS (5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM and 25 mM) were used for inducing mutations in these two varieties.

11p chauchaungayxua10 19-03-2021 14 2   Download

The objective of the present study was conceived to investigate whether physical radiation and chemical mutagen disturbed the normal relationship or not between different yield attributing characters during mutagenesis programme. The present study was undertaken to find out the association between yield and yield components in M2 and M3 generations in three grasspea varieties so that the derived information would be helpful in developing appropriate selection methods and improving the economically important characters.

8p gaocaolon9 22-12-2020 13 2   Download

The present investigation was carried out to study the extent of variability existed in the sesamum varieties namely TMV 4, TMV 7, VRI 2, Thilak and TNY Local after induction of mutation through chemical mutagens namely EMS. The results of M1 generation revealed that there was a shift in the mean for the characters Viz., Days to first flowering, Plant height, Number of branches per plant, Number of capsules per plant, Length of capsule, Number of seeds per capsule, Seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight and Oil content towards positive /negative directions.

7p caygaocaolon8 07-11-2020 5 2   Download

An experiment was conducted to find out Physico-chemical characterization of lodging tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) stem for lodging tolerance at reproductive phase by studying relevant parameters in three different groups of rice germplasm viz.

9p caygaocaolon8 07-11-2020 16 2   Download

The present investigation was taken up to study the sensitivity of two blackgram varieties viz., LBG 752 and TBG 104 to three mutagens on biological parameters and to determine the lethal dose (LD50) of mutagens.

13p trinhthamhodang1215 23-09-2020 9 1   Download

Induced mutations not only alter the plant genome but also affect the cellular component which leads to changes in seed germination to maturity traits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the somatic effect of chemical mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, shoot length, root length, plant photosynthetic pigments and nine yield attributing traits of two white seeded sesame varieties.

6p nguaconbaynhay7 15-08-2020 11 1   Download

An experiment was conducted to generate a broad genetic variability through induced mutation using physical and chemical mutagens. Three doses each of gamma rays (20, 40 and 60kR), ethyl methane sulphonate (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%), nitrosoguanidine (0.005, 0.010, and 0.015%), maleic hydrazide (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) and their combinations were administered to the seed of two greengram varieties, Sujata and OBGG-52.

13p angicungduoc6 22-07-2020 19 2   Download

An experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness and efficiency of one physical mutagen i.e. gamma rays and two chemical mutagens i.e. ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and nitrosoguanidine (NG) in greengram. To study the nature and effect of mutagens in greengram, the percentage of lethality, pollen sterility, frequency of chlorophyll mutations, mutagenic effectiveness, mutagenic efficiency and mutation rates of each mutagen were estimated.

9p angicungduoc6 22-07-2020 14 1   Download

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linn) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and is a dietary source of vitamin, minerals, and fiber, which are important for human nutrition and health. It is extensively grown throughout the world. Sodium Azide is a chemical mutagen that has become an important tool to enhance agronomic traits of crop plants. It is being used to produce resistance in various susceptible crops to improve their yield and quality traits against harmful pathogens.

6p angicungduoc6 22-07-2020 21 2   Download

An investigation was carried out at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2014-2016 on the improvement of tuberose var. Prajwal through mutation breeding. The bulbs were treated with gamma rays, diethyl sulphate (DES) and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The treatments consisted of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kR of gamma rays, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM of DES and 30, 45, 60 and 75 mM of EMS and control (untreated). Various morphological and floral characters were observed.

8p angicungduoc6 20-07-2020 12 1   Download

Field trials were conducted to study the effect of physical and chemical mutagens (Gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES)) on biometric characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant and their correlations in five brinjal cultivars viz., Angoor, Annamalai, Hissar pragath, PLR 1 and Putheri. The results revealed that there had been strong association between number of fruits per plant and fruit weight with fruit yield per plant in M2 generation.

9p kethamoi6 29-06-2020 11 2   Download

Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness is an important factor for the selection of a mutagen for a mutation breeding program. The mutagenic efficiency gives an idea of the proportion of mutation on relation to the other associated undesirable biological effects such as lethality, sterility and meiotic aberrations while mutagenic effectiveness is a measure of the frequency of the mutation induced by unit dose of mutagens. The usefulness of any particular mutagen in crop breeding depends not only on its mutagenic effectiveness but also on the mutagenic efficiency of the mutagen.

4p gaocaolon5 14-06-2020 16 1   Download

This study was performed by exposing the seeds of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to ethyl methane sulphonate [EMS] sodium azide [SA] to study their effects on various morphological traits when compared with control. The seeds of groundnut were pre-soaked in distilled water for 6 hours for ems and 24 hrs for SA. The SA, EMS solution was prepared in distilled water. Each concentration of SA, EMS was prepared in 100ml of distilled water for 300 groundnut seeds. These soaked seeds treated with different concentration of SA, EMS such as 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8, 0.10% and 0.12 %.

8p nguathienthan5 04-06-2020 10 0   Download

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important cool-season food legume grown extensively by the poor farmers throughout the Indian subcontinent. In India chickpea is being grown in 8.32 million hectare with production of 9.8 million tones and 925 - kg/ha productivity (Project coordinators report, 2014-15). The Dry root rot (DRR) of chickpea caused by necrotropic fungus Rhizoctonia bataticola.

10p trinhthamhodang5 16-05-2020 15 1   Download

Unexpanded leaf rolls were used as explants for callus induction with different concentrations of mutagenic chemicals (sodium nitrite and ethylmethane sulfonate). The effect of these mutagenic chemicals on callusing, shooting and rooting was studied. Callus induction was observed in different concentrations of sodium nitrite (3 mg l-1 , 5 mg l-1 and 7 mg l-1 ) and EMS (0.6 µM, 0.8 µM, 1.0 µM) along with controls. Among all the treatments 3 mg l-1 (T4) SN and 0.6 µM EMS (T10) in 2009T5 were found to be the best for callus induction traits.

8p chauchaungayxua5 08-05-2020 17 2   Download

An experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle for the regeneration of somaclones. Two sugarcane clones, 2008T42 (susceptible to red rot) and 2009T5 (susceptible to smut) were used as plant material. Calli from the controls and different concentrations of mutagenic chemicals (sodium nitrite and EMS) were transferred on to MS media with 3 mg l-1 BAP, 2 mg l-1 IAA and 2 mg l-1 kinetin for evaluating the effect on shooting.

13p chauchaungayxua5 08-05-2020 14 0   Download