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Chloroplasts play
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Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products.
29p
viaristotle
29-01-2022
11
0
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Chloroplasts have their own genomes, independent from nuclear genomes, that play vital roles in growth, which is a major targeted trait for genetic improvement in Populus. Angiosperm chloroplast genomes are maternally inherited, but the chloroplast’ variation pattern of poplar at the single-base level during the transmission from mother to offspring remains unknown.
15p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
14
1
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Chloroplasts play an important role in plant growth and development. The chloroplast genome contains approximately twenty group II introns that are spliced due to proteins encoded by nuclear genes. CAF2 is one of these splicing factors that has been shown to splice group IIB introns in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana.
11p
vijichea2711
28-05-2021
19
1
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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved system for the degradation of intracellular components in eukaryotic organisms. Autophagy plays essential roles in preventing premature senescence and extending the longevity of vascular plants.
16p
vijichea2711
28-05-2021
8
1
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and its yield is closely related to the photosynthesis efficiency. The chloroplast stromal ridge complex consisting of PsaC-PsaD-PsaE plays an important role in plant photosynthesis, which has been a subject of many studies.
12p
vioklahoma2711
19-11-2020
9
1
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Although several chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain-containing proteins have been characterized for intron splicing and rRNA processing during chloroplast gene expression, the functional role of a majority of CRM domain proteins in plant growth and development as well as chloroplast RNA metabolism remains largely unknown.
11p
viminato2711
22-05-2020
9
0
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Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays an essential role in chloroplast development by governing the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. At least 12 PEP-associated proteins (PAPs), including FSD3/PAP4, regulate PEP activity and chloroplast development by modulating formation of the PEP complex.
12p
viharuno2711
21-04-2020
3
1
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Plastocyanin (Pc) is a soluble copper protein that transfers electrons from cytochromeb6 fto photosystem I (PSI), two protein complexes that are localized in the thylakoid mem-branes in chloroplasts. The surface electrostatic potential distributionof Pc plays akey role in complex formationwith the membrane-bound partners. It is practically identical for Pcs fromplants and green algae, but is quite different for Pc fromferns.
8p
dell39
03-04-2013
32
2
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The protein translocation channel at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc75) is synthesized as a larger precursor with an N-terminal transit peptide. Within the transit peptide of the pea Toc75, a major por-tion of the 10 amino acid long stretch that contains nine glycine residues was shown to be necessary for directing the protein to the chloroplast outer membranein vitro [Inoue K & Keegstra K (2003) Plant J34, 661–669].
9p
inspiron33
26-03-2013
37
4
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Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) isoforms localized in the stroma and thyla-koid membrane of chloroplasts play a central role in scavenging reactive oxygen species generated by photosystems. These enzymes are inactivated within minutes by H2O2 when the reducing substrate, ascorbate, is deple-ted.
8p
galaxyss3
19-03-2013
30
2
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Bacterial lipoproteins play crucial roles in host–pathogen interactions and pathogenesis and are important targets for the immune system. A promi-nent example is the outer surface protein A (OspA) ofBorrelia burgdorferi, which has been efficiently used as a vaccine for the prevention of Lyme dis-ease.
10p
media19
04-03-2013
33
1
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Members of the YidC⁄Oxa1⁄Alb3 protein family function in the biogenesis of membrane proteins in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. InEsc-herichia coli, YidC plays a key role in the integration and assembly of many inner membrane proteins.
10p
media19
04-03-2013
39
2
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