Cholinergic system

Part 1 book "Rang and Dale's pharmacology" includes content: How drugs act, how drugs act, how drugs act, how drugs act, cell proliferation, apoptosis, repair and regeneration, cellular mechanisms, method and measurement in pharmacology, absorption and distribution of drugs, drug metabolism and elimination, pharmacokinetics, individual variation, pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine,... and other contents.

413p muasambanhan05 22-01-2024 4 2   Download

Cancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host’s immune system. Cancer cells synthesize and secrete acetylcholine (ACh), acting as an autocrine or paracrine hormone to promote their proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

20p visharma 20-10-2023 6 2   Download

The discovery of enzyme targeting inhibitors is a popular area of drug research. Biological activities of the compounds bearing phenol and heteroaryl groups make them popular groups in drug design targeting important enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). The compounds 2 and 4 were found potent AChE inhibitors with the Ki values of 22.13 ±1.96 nM and 23.71 ±2.95 nM, respectively, while the compounds 2 (Ki = 8.61 ±0.90 nM, on hCA I) and 1 (Ki = 8.76 ±0.84 nM, on hCA II) had considerable CAs inhibitory potency.

10p tudichquannguyet 29-11-2021 10 1   Download

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a mechanism in the progression of airway diseases and cancer. Here, we explored the role of acetylcholine (ACh) and the pathway involved in the process of EMT, as well as the effects of mAChRs antagonist.

11p vimontana2711 05-04-2021 9 1   Download

In airways, a proliferative effect is played directly by cholinergic agonists through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activation. How tumors respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question in smoking-related cancer.

13p vialabama2711 21-09-2020 13 1   Download

Dioxoisoindolines have been included as a pharmacophore group in diverse drug-like molecules with a wide range of biological activity. Various reports have shown that phthalimide derivatives are potent inhibitors of AChE, a key enzyme involved in the deterioration of the cholinergic system during the development of Alzheimer’s disease.

9p vijiraiya2711 27-05-2020 20 1   Download

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. An increase in AChE (a key enzyme in the cholinergic nervous system) levels around β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is a common feature of AD neuropathology.

10p vijiraiya2711 27-05-2020 16 1   Download

Two theories attempt to explain the changes observed in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in chagasic cardiomyopathy. The neurogenic theory proposes that receptor changes are due to loss of intracardiac ganglia parasympathetic neurons.

9p vienzym2711 03-04-2020 9 2   Download

The molecular structure of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) attracts interest because of its versatility and significant role in the cholinergic system. The main purpose of the present study was to clone a full-length cDNA sequence of human brain acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) into pET SUMO vector and express it successfully.

11p nutifooddau 27-01-2019 41 2   Download

(bq) part 1 book "pharmacology for health professionals" presentation of content: foundations of clinical pharmacology, drugs that affect the central nervous system, drugs that affect the peripheral nervous system.

262p thangnamvoiva23 06-10-2016 42 6   Download

(bq) part 1 book "medical pharmacology at a glance" presents the following contents: principles of drug action, drug absorption, distribution and excretion, drug metabolism, local anaesthetics, autonomic nervous system, autonomic drugs acting at cholinergic synapses, drugs acting on the sympathetic system, ocular pharmacology,... and other contents.

46p thangnamvoiva23 06-10-2016 54 7   Download

Sympathetic nerve stimulation induces vasoconstriction and consequent decreases nasal airway resistance. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation on the other hand, promotes secretion from nasal airway glands and nasal congestion. The nasal mucosa also contains nerves of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC)- system. Neuropeptides from the latter nerves (substance P, neurokinin A and K, and calcitonin gene-related peptide) are suspected to play a role in vasodilatation, mucus secretion, plasma extravasation, neurogenic inflammation, and mast cell nerve interactions.

35p nhacnenzingme 28-03-2013 79 4   Download

Despite the aberrant expression of cholinesterases in tumours, the question of their possible contribution to tumorigenesis remains unsolved. The identifica-tion in kidney of a cholinergic system has paved the way to functional studies, but details on renal cholinesterases are still lacking. To fill the gap and to determine whether cholinesterases are abnormally expressed in renal tumours, paired pieces of normal kidney and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were compared for cholinesterase activity and mRNA levels....

11p viettel02 19-02-2013 31 1   Download

Seven distinct antigenic botulinum toxins (BNT-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum have been described. The human nervous system is susceptible to five toxin serotypes (BNT-A, -B, -E, -F, -G) and unaffected by 2 (BNT-C, -D). Although all toxins have different molecular targets, their action leads to the blockade of the cholinergic nerves. However, only the A and B toxins are available as drugs.

92p camchuong_1 10-12-2012 51 5   Download

Abstract Glucose homeostasis in humans is an important factor for the functioning of nervous system. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia is found to be associated with central and peripheral nerve system dysfunction. Changes in acetylcholine receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many major diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study we showed the effects of insulin induced hypoglycemia and streptozotocin induced diabetes on the cerebellar cholinergic receptors, GLUT3 and muscle cholinergic activity. Results showed enhanced binding parameters and gene...

9p toshiba23 18-11-2011 53 2   Download

Table 54-14 Causes of Urticaria and Angioedema I. Primary cutaneous disorders A. Acute and chronic urticariaa B. Physical urticaria 1. Dermatographism 2. Solar urticariab 3. Cold urticariab 4. Cholinergic urticariab C. Angioedema (hereditary and acquired)b II. Systemic diseases A. Urticarial vasculitis B. Hepatitis B or C infection C. Serum sickness D. Angioedema (hereditary and acquired) a A small minority develop anaphylaxis. b Also systemic. The common physical urticarias include dermographism, solar urticaria, cold urticaria, and cholinergic urticaria.

5p konheokonmummim 30-11-2010 69 5   Download

Acetylcholine is a widespread chemotransmitter in the body, mediating a broad range of physiological effects.There are two distinct classes of receptor for acetylcholine defined on the basis of their preferential activation by the alkaloids, nicotine (from tobacco) and muscarine (from a fungus, Amanita muscaria). Cholinergic drugs (acetylcholine agonists) mimic acetylcholine at all sites although the balance of nicotinic and muscarinic effects is variable.

15p bigbaby87 03-09-2010 62 5   Download