Chromosome doubling

Ebook "Progress and opportunities of doubled haploid production" deals with the historical perspectives and the current status of doubled haploid production along with its practical implications in basic and applied research. It highlights various haploid production methods with a comprehensive discussion on their pros and cons, bottlenecks, and embryogenic pathways.

84p manmanthanhla0201 26-02-2024 4 1   Download

Ebook "Genome instability: Methods and protocols" presents forty-two methods and protocols to analyze diverse aspects of genome instability. Chapters detail mutagenesis and repair, methods to quantify and analyze the properties of DNA double-strand breaks, profile replication, replication proteins strand-specifically, genome instability, fluorescence microscopic techniques, and genomic and proteomic approaches.

654p lucchinguyen 28-12-2023 6 2   Download

Double minute chromosomes are circular fragments of DNA whose presence is associated with the onset of certain cancers. Double minutes are lethal, as they are highly amplified and typically contain oncogenes. Locating double minutes can supplement the process of cancer diagnosis, and it can help to identify therapeutic targets.

7p vinarcissa 21-03-2023 3 1   Download

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is being applied more widely in Vietnam. However, the effects of NIPT on prenatal diagnosis have not been studied much in our country. This study aims to analyze the impact of NIPT on the changes in the number of routine screening tests for chromosomal abnormalities 21, 18, and 13 and the impact of NIPT on invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures and propose strategies to screen for fetal aneuploidy.

7p vimclaren 20-10-2022 5 2   Download

Genomic instability and chemoresistance can arise in cancer due to a unique form of plasticity: That of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). These cells form under the stress of chemotherapy and have higher than diploid chromosome content.

13p viangelamerkel 27-07-2022 8 1   Download

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) result from the attack of both DNA strands by multiple sources, including radiation and chemicals. DSBs can cause the abnormal chromosomal rearrangements associated with cancer. Recent techniques allow the genome-wide mapping of DSBs at high resolution, enabling the comprehensive study of their origins.

14p vimichaelfaraday 25-03-2022 17 1   Download

X-chromosomal genes contribute to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. Double X-dosage shifts female pluripotent cells towards the naive stem cell state by increasing pluripotency factor expression, inhibiting the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and delaying differentiation.

41p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 7 0   Download

Root system architecture, as a complex trait, has gained attention due to climate change and abiotic stress pressure on crops. The incorporation of root traits in breeding objectives may enable new advances in climate-resilient crops. Here, the genetics of the seedling root system architecture in the Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 Doubled Haploid mapping population was investigated. Three traits at the seedling stage and mature stage root and shoot biomass traits were mapped for quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification.

19p hanthienngao 30-11-2021 11 1   Download

Anther culture is an effective breeding method for improving desirable traits, since it allows fast achievement of genetically homozygous lines. The present studies were carried out to evaluate the response of flue-cured tobacco anthers for high frequency pollen embryo induction in different culture media, and the effects of colchicine treatment on tobacco chromosome doubling. The results showed that different media caused significant changes in pollen embryo induction, in which the most obvious change was found in B medium with induction rates of 23.28%, 26.64%, and 28.

9p tudichquannguyet 29-11-2021 5 1   Download

During the evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes, the degeneration of Y-linked homologs has led to a dosage imbalance between X-linked and autosomal genes. The evolutionary resolution to such dosage imbalance, as hypothesized by Susumu Ohno fifty years ago, should be doubling the expression of X-linked genes.

9p vigiselle2711 30-08-2021 7 1   Download

After polyploidization, a genome may experience large-scale genome-repatterning, featuring wide-spread DNA rearrangement and loss, and often chromosome number reduction. Grasses share a common tetraploidization, after which the originally doubled chromosome numbers reduced to different chromosome numbers among them.

10p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 9 1   Download

Artificial synthesis of octoploid rapeseed double haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560 was made possible by interspecific hybridization and genome doubling techniques. Production of pure lines by DH induction provides a new way to achieve homozygosity earlier in B.napus.

13p vijichea2711 28-05-2021 19 1   Download

Colibactin is a genotoxin that induces DNA double-strand breaks that may lead to carcinogenesis and is produced by Escherichia coli strains harboring the pks island. Human and animal studies have shown that colibactin-producing gut bacteria promote carcinogenesis and enhance the progression of colorectal cancer through cellular senescence and chromosomal abnormalities.

10p vianrose2711 27-04-2021 8 1   Download

Meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes provides natural combinations of genetic variations and is a main driving force of evolution. It is initiated via programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and involves a specific axial chromosomal structure.

14p vikentucky2711 26-11-2020 11 1   Download

The progression of low-risk del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia is increased when associated with mutations of TP53, or with additional chromosomal abnormalities. However, to date the prognostic impact and molecular consequences of these rearrangements were poorly investigated.

6p virose2711 24-09-2020 36 1   Download

An allopolyploid formation consists of the two processes of hybridisation and chromosome doubling. Hybridisation makes a different genome combined in the same cell, and genome “shock” and instability occur during this process, whereas chromosome doubling results in doubling and reconstructing the genome dosage.

13p viminato2711 22-05-2020 11 1   Download

Sporophytic plants having gametophytic chromosome number are termed as haploid. These plants can be produced either spontaneously in nature or by in vitro or in vivo induction technique. By doubling chromosome number of haploid either spontaneously or artificially, double haploid (DH) could be produced. Double haploid are homozygous and this homozygosity is achieved in one generation by using DH production systems. This production system is used for fixation of heterosis. Genetic map construction is relatively easy with DH population.

15p nguaconbaynhay5 16-05-2020 7 1   Download

A doubled haploid (DH) is a genotype developed when haploid cells undergo chromosome doubling. Artificial production of doubled haploids is important in plant breeding. Double haploid (DH) breeding can helps in speedup conventional plant breeding programmes and make early release of cultivars with superior and desirable traits along with greater utility in other research aspects of plant breeding, genetics and genetic engineering. DH’s helps in complementing back cross breeding by transferring genes of interest from wild relatives thus breaking genetic barriers.

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In this investigation two different methods using aqueous solutions of colchicine were used to treat F1 tillers from various Triticum durum x Aegilops tauschii crosses in order to artificially induce chromosome doubling. Treatment of crown root region (uproot) was found effective compared to in-situ (tip) method using treatment of apical meristems of F1 tillers at 2-3 tiller stage. The aqueous solution of colchicine was administered at two concentrations viz., 0.05 and 0.075% in both the methods. The 0.05% colchicine solution was found more effective as more doubled seed was obtained.

5p cothumenhmong1 08-12-2019 8 1   Download

Karyotype is the most important diagnostic and prognostic parameter in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and is abnormal in approximately 50% of patients. We emphasized the importance of chromosomal analysis and reported the most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities in 50 MDS (29 males (58%) and 21 females (42%), median age: 57.5 years) Egyptian patients using conventional banding analysis (CBA). Karyotype description was conducted according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN, 2013).

7p trinhthamhodang1 14-11-2019 17 1   Download