Cigarette smokers

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there may be a relationship between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, driver mutations and cigarette smoking. In a region where a high proportion of NSCLC patients are never smokers and EGFR mutation is highly prevalent, high PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and adenocarcinoma in particular is significantly associated with heavy smoking and EGFR wild-type tumors.

15p vioracle 29-09-2023 4 2   Download

Perceived risk reduction motivates smokers to switch to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This research examines US smokers’ relative risk perceptions and their prospective association with various behavioral stages of switching to ENDS.

13p viferrari 29-10-2022 9 2   Download

A few studies have assessed the short-term effects of low-dose nicotine e-cigarettes, while data about nicotine-free e-cigarettes (NF e-cigarettes) are scanty. Concerns have been expressed about the use of NF e-cigarettes, because of the high concentrations of propylene glycol and other compounds in the e-cigarette vapor.

9p vimontana2711 05-04-2021 11 3   Download

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the airway and lung inflammation, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among smokers over 40 years of age and individuals exposed to biomass smoke.

13p vimichigan2711 26-03-2021 9 1   Download

Club cell protein-16 (CC16) expression has been associated with smoking-related lung function decline. The study hypothesis was that CC16 expression in both serum and bronchial epithelium is associated with lung function decline in smokers, and exposure to cigarette smoke will lead to reduction in CC16 expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

8p vimaine2711 26-03-2021 12 2   Download

Main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is smoking, although only less than 1/3 of smokers develop clinically manifest COPD. COPD’s progressive nature with high disability and mortality makes it plausible to detect it as early as possible thus allowing for an early intervention.

10p vimaine2711 26-03-2021 11 1   Download

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is combination of progressive lung diseases. The diagnosis of COPD is generally based on the pulmonary function testing, however, difficulties underlie in prognosis of smokers or early stage of COPD patients due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the pathogenesis.

13p vimaine2711 26-03-2021 13 2   Download

Carotid body O2-chemosensitivity determines the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) as part of crucial regulatory reflex within oxygen homeostasis. Nicotine has been suggested to attenuate HVR in neonates of smoking mothers.

8p vimaine2711 26-03-2021 5 1   Download

Cigarette smoke is associated with the majority of lung cancers: however, 25% of lung cancer patients are non-smokers, and half of all newly diagnosed lung cancer patients are former smokers. Lung tumors exhibit distinct epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and molecular features depending on smoking status, suggesting divergent mechanisms underlie tumorigenesis in smokers and non-smokers.

14p vilisa271 22-09-2020 7 1   Download

Smoking cessation is a key step towards improving cancer care and outcomes. However, smoking cessation interventions are underprovided in oncology settings. Within Jordan’s only comprehensive oncology center, we sought to evaluate receipt of care at a smoking cessation clinic and the effect of assisted abstinence through the smoking cessation clinic on short-term (two-year) survival after a cancer diagnosis.

10p vikuala271 13-06-2020 11 1   Download

Bidi, an indigenous form of cigarette in South Asian countries, is popular because of its low cost and multi-favored variants. Although recent studies have shown that bidi smokers suffer from various adverse health effects including cancer, research on bidi smoke composition and exposure levels is still very limited.

11p vijiraiya2711 27-05-2020 6 1   Download

Numerous studies have identified specific body systems affected by the hazardous effects of the cigarette smoking particularly the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The effect of smoking on male reproduction has also been studied where semen quality was investigated in different cross-sectional studies including infertile patients with conflicting results. This article aimed to assess the relationship between smoking and male infertility.

8p kethamoi1 20-11-2019 14 1   Download

As Cigarette Use Declines, Tobacco Industry Follows the Money to Other Tobacco Products In August, CDC released results of the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey which found youth cigarette use continues to decline and now stands at 15.8 percent among high school students and 4.3 percent among middle school students. These reductions can be attributed to implementing the evidence- based policies proven to reduce tobacco use evaluated in “State of Tobacco Control.

41p nhacsihuytuan 13-04-2013 56 2   Download

Those travelling by train were found to experience the lowest air pollution concentrations, as the train travelled on its own dedicated track, well removed from any road traffic. Apart from the train’s own engine, a possible additional source of carbon monoxide on board trains may have been from the exhaled air of smokers having smoked a cigarette immediately prior to boarding the train. The same applies for buses. Apart from the motorcycle, in general, the average CO exposures were found to be highest for car and bus users.

28p tainhacmienphi 19-02-2013 40 2   Download

The tobacco smoke a smoker inhales is different from the smoke inhaled by those nearby. The major source of passive smoke is from the burning of the cigarette rather than what is exhaled by smokers. Both types of smoke contain thousands of chemicals. The chemicals present in both these types of smoke are similar, but the concentrations of the chemicals are different. Many of the toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke are found in higher concentrations in the tobacco smoke as it leaves the cigarette compared to inhaled smoke; in some cases, the concentrations are far higher.

8p taisaokhongthedung 09-01-2013 46 1   Download

Approximately 75% of COPD cases are attributed to cigarette smoking (5). Occupation-related exposures may account for another 15% of COPD cases (6) and genetic factors, asthma, respiratory infections, and indoor and outdoor exposures to air pollutants also play a role (6,7). hus, COPD largely can be prevented. Prevention of COPD begins with reducing and/ or eliminating smoking initiation among teenagers and young adults and encouraging tobacco cessation among current smokers.

18p chiecxedien 03-01-2013 54 2   Download

Cigarette smokers were 2.7 times more likely to have respiratory diseases than those of non-smokers. Similarly consumption of alcohol and use of non-smoked tobacco were found to be risk factors of hypertension. BMI more than 25 was risk factor for hypertension and diabetes. On the other hand risk of respiratory diseases and cataract increased below a BMI of 18.5. Risk for musculoskeletal problems was found to be higher in both extremes of physical status. The higher risk of diseases to the both extremes of BMI suggests a U- shaped relationship of diseases with BMI. BMI less 18.

19p taisaokhongthedung 01-01-2013 77 9   Download

Apart from condemming tobacco companies and rising the price of cigarettes, the goverment's antismoking campain has failed to have any long-term affects, and the only people bennefitting from it are the Inland Revenue departement. Meanwhile, the National Health Service says it may refuse to treat persistant smokers. Of course, this hasn't prevented the big tobbaco companys spending vast amounts of money on advertiseing.

194p contentnew1 17-05-2012 189 63   Download

It is also likely that the toxic components of tobacco smoke, mainly nicotine, may directly or indirectly deteriorate periodontal tissues. Cigarette smoking represents a risk factor for progression of periodontitis, the effect of which may be dose related. Heavy smokers should be considered as high-risk individuals for progression of periodontitis. The clinical implications for this are that smokers should be identified during patient examination and efforts should be made to modify this behavioural risk factor.

74p pt_1669 26-03-2012 470 98   Download

Tobacco smoking mostly in the form of cigarette smoking has been accused of impairing microcirculatory system and the relevant changes in vascular formations and functions may have a negative influence on the immune and inflammatory reactions in periodontal tissues. Smokers were reported to have significantly less number of vessels in inflamed gingival tissue compared to non-smokers (Rezavandi et al. 2002). Long-term smoking has an established negative effect on the vasculature of periodontal tissues.

80p pt_1669 26-03-2012 942 108   Download