Common biological signals

Although chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor, treatment options are limited due to its extensive resistance to a chemo- and radiation therapy. Since shikonin has shown potent anticancer activity in various types of cancer cells, it represents a promising compound for the development of a new therapeutic approach.

11p vikolindagrabar 27-07-2022 3 1   Download

The bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of dissemination in patients with aggressive, meta-static neuroblastoma (NB). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressive behavior of NB cells in the BM niche are still greatly unknown. In the present study, we explored biological mechanisms that play a critical role in NB cell survival and progression in the BM and investigated potential therapeutic targets.

17p visusanwojcicki 28-06-2022 5 1   Download

State-of-the-art methods assessing pathogenic non-coding variants have mostly been characterized on common disease-associated polymorphisms, yet with modest accuracy and strong positional biases. In this study, we curated 737 high-confidence pathogenic non-coding variants associated with monogenic Mendelian diseases.

22p vigalileogalilei 27-02-2022 10 1   Download

Studies on genetic–epigenetic interactions, including the mapping of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) and haplotype-dependent allele-specific DNA methylation (hap-ASM), have become a major focus in the post-genome-wide-association-study (GWAS) era. Such maps can nominate regulatory sequence variants that underlie GWAS signals for common diseases, ranging from neuropsychiatric disorders to cancers.

22p vialfrednobel 29-01-2022 11 0   Download

Single-guide RNA (sgRNA) is one of the two key components of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 genome-editing system. The current commonly used sgRNA structure has a shortened duplex compared with the native bacterial CRISPR RNA (crRNA)–transactivating crRNA (tracrRNA) duplex and contains a continuous sequence of thymines, which is the pause signal for RNA polymerase III and thus could potentially reduce transcription efficiency.

10p viaristotle 29-01-2022 11 0   Download

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum and brainstem. Frequent somatic mutations and deregulated expression of epigenetic regulators in MB highlight the substantial role of epigenetic alterations.

25p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 14 0   Download

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and therefore presents a global public health problem. There are no standard algorithms for the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, and no effective current treatment approaches exist. Therefore, the discovery of new biomolecules and the design of new strategies to aid in early diagnosis is necessary, along with establishing prognostic factors of HNC.

12p thiencuuchu 27-11-2021 11 0   Download

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the most important mechanisms supporting MDR development. ER stress-mediated chemotherapeutic resistance is very common in aggressive tumors. The in vitro and in vivo experiments on breast tumors indicate that ER stress-activated protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)- activating transcription factor (ATF4) signal axis plays an important role in the survival of tumors and metastasis. Besides, ER stress-associated oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) induce chemoresistance in breast tumors.

16p thiencuuchu 27-11-2021 9 0   Download

The soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as model organisms for nearly every aspect of biology. Various disciplines employ C.elegans as model organisms such as Biology, Neuroscience, Toxicology as well as Ecology. Commonalities of the genetic pathways in C.elegans with other organisms along with humans led to significant discoveries in a wide variety of research fields, including development, signal transduction, cell death, and ageing.

6p chauchaungayxua12 29-07-2021 8 0   Download

Environmental variation in the amount of resources available to populations challenge individuals to optimize the allocation of those resources to key fitness functions. This coordination of resource allocation relative to resource availability is commonly attributed to key nutrient sensing gene pathways in laboratory model organisms, chiefly the insulin/TOR signaling pathway. However, the genetic basis of diet-induced variation in gene expression is less clear.

17p vijeeni2711 24-07-2021 11 0   Download

RNA sequencing analysis focus on the detection of differential gene expression changes that meet a two-fold minimum change between groups. This paper develops methods that apply variance and dispersion estimates to intra-group data to identify genes with expression values that diverge from the group envelope.

19p vilichoo2711 23-06-2021 5 0   Download

Mechanistic models that describe the dynamical behaviors of biochemical systems are common in computational systems biology, especially in the realm of cellular signaling. The development of families of such models, either by a single research group or by different groups working within the same area, presents significant challenges that range from identifying structural similarities and differences between models to understanding how these differences affect system dynamics.

16p vikentucky2711 26-11-2020 8 1   Download

In the context of high-throughput molecular data analysis it is common that the observations included in a dataset form distinct groups; for example, measured at different times, under different conditions or even in different labs. These groups are generally denoted as batches.

19p vioklahoma2711 19-11-2020 8 1   Download

Genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis have been identified primarily by mutant screens, followed by identification of the mutated genes (forward genetics).

20p viminato2711 22-05-2020 8 0   Download

Autophagy-related ATG6 proteins are pleiotropic proteins functioning in autophagy and the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-signaling pathways. Arabidopsis ATG6 regulates normal plant growth, pollen development and germination, and plant responses to biotic/abiotic stresses.

15p vihashirama2711 21-05-2020 16 0   Download

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks by terminating signals produced by active Gα subunits. RGS17, a member of the RZ subfamily of RGS proteins, is typically only expressed in appreciable amounts in the human central nervous system, but previous works have shown that RGS17 expression is selectively upregulated in a number of malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

10p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 9 0   Download

Glycan parts of glycoconjugates on the surfaces of cells regulate many kinds of interactions between the cells and their immediate environments. Alterations in glycosylation on the cancer-associated glycoproteins are responsible for changes in their molecular interactions and biological functions.

18p vikimsa 22-02-2019 15 1   Download

Acidic extracellular pH is a common feature of tumor tissues. We have reported that culturing cells at acidic pH (5.4–6.5) induced matrix metallo-proteinase-9 expression through phospholipase D, extracellular signal regu-lated kinase 1⁄2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-jB.

13p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 30 3   Download

InArabidopsis thaliana, the serine⁄threonine protein kinase oxidative signal-inducible 1 (OXI1), mediates oxidative stress signalling. Its activity is required for full activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks), MPK3 and MPK6, in response to oxidative stress.

11p cosis54 05-01-2013 39 1   Download