Defense induction

The interleukin (IL)-1 pathway is primarily associated with innate immunological defense and plays a major role in the induction and regulation of inflammation. Both common and rare genetic variation in this pathway underlies various inflammation-mediated diseases, but the role of rare variants relative to common variants in immune response variability in healthy individuals remains unclear.

17p vibransone 28-03-2024 3 2   Download

The study on the induction of plant defense against to anthracnose disease of chili by sodium nitroprusside solution was investigated during pre- and post-harvest. Pre-harvest treatment was conducted by spraying the chili plants with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) solution at 0 (control), 0.05 and 0.1 mM every 3 days for 9 times before inoculating with the spore suspension of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (the causal agent of anthracnose disease) and then sprayed with SNP again 1 time after inoculating.

8p viisac 23-09-2023 5 1   Download

Cathelicidins, a family of host-defence peptides, are present in a diverse range of species, including fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals. The evidence for the role of these cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defenses is convincing from the data of animal model and transgenic animal experiments as well as wildlife or domestic animals, indicating that the peptides protect against inflammatory and immune system after induction by bacterial infection.

8p vicaptainmarvel 21-04-2023 4 2   Download

Induction of acquired resistance activates defense-related genes. Current study aimed to (a) initiate potato acquired resistance to the Early Blight disease caused by Alternaria solani through treating potato plants with low and repetitive doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), abscisic acid (AB)

9p schindler 30-12-2021 9 0   Download

The results showed that the percentage of disease incidence was increased in non treated tomato seedlings in time dependent manner and reached the maximum level (65%) after 6 weeks of infection. Treatments of tomato plants with neem and willow aqueous extracts reduced the percentage of disease incidence to the level of 25.5% and 27.8% after 6 weeks of infection respectively.

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Common cutworm (CCW) is highly responsible for destabilizing soybean productivity. Wild soybean is a resource used by breeders to discover elite defensive genes. The transcriptomes of two wild accessions (W11 and W99) with different resistance to CCW were analyzed at early- and late-induction time points. After induction, the susceptible accession W11 differentially expressed 1268 and 508 genes at the early and late time points, respectively.

17p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 6 1   Download

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belong to the class of molecular chaperones that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. A previous study has showed strong induction of the gene GmHsp22.4 in response to the nematode Meloidogyne javanica in a resistant soybean genotype, while repression in a susceptible one.

12p vijichea2711 28-05-2021 15 1   Download

This leads to a strong dependency of Ca2+ supply via the xylem. Resulting physiological disorder are tip burn in lettuce or blossom end rot in tomato. Plants deficient in calcium have been shown to be more susceptible to pathogens and exogenous calcium supply in turn has been shown to improve the plant’s resistance. Conserved microbial patterns for example PAMP initiating a signaling cascade leading to induction of downstream responses of defense gene expression. Future research will shed more light on the different functions of this important nutrient and how they are interconnected.

9p chauchaungayxua10 19-03-2021 6 2   Download

As a response of host-pathogen interaction, the induction of systemic resistance (ISR) was studied in cassava upon challenge inoculation with cassava mosaic viruses (ICMV and SLCMV). Due to the viral infection, the reduced amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was recorded in virus infected cassava seedlings compared to control (meristem derived healthy plants).

13p chauchaungayxua8 03-10-2020 20 1   Download

The objective of the present study is to unravel the induction of various defense related genes encoding proteins implicated in strengthening of plant cell walls by biocontrol agents treatments in response to infection by S.rolfsii in tropical sugarbeet ecosystems.

16p nguaconbaynhay7 15-08-2020 13 1   Download

Chemical inducers facilitate broad-spectrum of induced resistance against plant pathogens and thus reduced the toxicity of the chemicals used in excess by the farmers for the management of plant diseases. Banana soft rot incited by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum (Pcc) cause huge economical loss to the farming if infected at an early stage. In the present study, chemical inducers viz., salicylic acid, potassium silicate, potassium sulphate, fosetyl aluminium, humic acid @ 1000 ppm and COC 3g/lit + streptocycline 300ppm (check) were tested against Pccunder glass house conditions.

12p caygaocaolon6 30-07-2020 13 1   Download

Jasmonates are involved in plant defense, participating in the timely induction of defense responses against insect herbivores from different feeding guilds and with different degrees of host specialization.

15p viminato2711 22-05-2020 11 1   Download

The induction of plant defenses in response to herbivory is well documented. In addition, many plants prime their anti-herbivore defenses following exposure to environmental cues associated with increased risk of subsequent attack, including induced volatile emissions from herbivore-damaged plant tissues.

10p viminato2711 22-05-2020 33 0   Download

Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are important components of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling and influence growth regulation in plants. Recent studies have focused on the impact of long OGs (degree of polymerization (DP) from 10–15), demonstrating the induction of plant defense signaling resulting in enhanced defenses to necrotrophic pathogens.

17p vihashirama2711 21-05-2020 29 1   Download

Pseudomonads are well known for their growth promotion activity and defense induction against the phytopathogens in plants leading to the disease incidence delay. Effect on the disease incidence with the interaction of different strains of Pseudomonas fluorescense were studied in tomato under protected and open conditions.

8p nguaconbaynhay5 16-05-2020 19 1   Download

Endophagous herbivorous insects live and feed within plants and lead to the formation of different plant architectures like galls and mines which offers protection from natural enemies. This selective feeding behaviour of the endophagous leaf miner pests is also known to alter plant physiology by manipulating the plant phytohormonal balance for exploiting the plant resources effectively. Cytokinins (CKs) are one of the phytohormones that play a key role in plant morphology, plant defense and leaf senescence.

7p nguathienthan3 27-02-2020 13 0   Download

With the development of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have become one of the most indemand nanoparticles owing to their exponential number of uses in various sectors. The increased use of Ag-NPs-enhanced products may result in an increased level of toxicity affecting both the environment and living organisms. Several studies have used different model cell lines to exhibit the cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs, and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

16p trinhthamhodang1 14-11-2019 18 0   Download

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes are ubiquitous in plant kingdom and catalyze the oxidation of phenols to highly reactive quinones. The PPO gene plays an important role in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses but the regulation of PPO promoter in stresses remains unclear.

13p vikimsa 22-02-2019 21 1   Download

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation has an adverse effect on plant cells because it causes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is scavenged by some endogenous defense systems. In this study, the activities of H2O2- detoxifying antioxidant enzymes in 4 barley cultivars pretreated with high temperature or NaCl before UV-B irradiation were investigated.

10p vivant2711 01-02-2019 20 0   Download

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia with one or more alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. As a class, amines include some of the most important biological compounds. Amines serve many functions in living organisms, such as bioregulation, neurotransmission, and defense against predators. This chapter draw and name amines, and use spectral information to determine their structures; compare the basicity of amines with other common bases, and explain how their basicity varies with hybridization, aromaticity, resonance, and induction.

86p tangtuy02 11-03-2016 62 4   Download