DNA replication timing

Ebook "DNA replication: From old principles to new discoveries" eviews the latest trends and future directions of DNA replication research. The contents reflect upon the principles that have been established through the genetic and enzymatic studies of bacterial, viral, and cellular replication during the past decades. The book begins with a historical overview of the studies on eukaryotic DNA replication by Professor Thomas Kelly, a pioneer of the field.

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DNA replication plays an important role in mutagenesis, yet little is known about how it interacts with other mutagenic processes. Here, we use somatic mutation signatures—each representing a mutagenic process—derived from 3056 patients spanning 19 cancer types to quantify the strand asymmetry of mutational signatures around replication origins and between early and late replicating regions.

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High-throughput assays for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of DNA have provided unprecedented insights into the relationship between DNA 3D configuration and function. Data interpretation from assays such as ChIA-PET and Hi-C is challenging because the data is large and cannot be easily rendered using standard genome browsers.

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DNA replication in mammalian cells occurs in a defined temporal order during S phase, known as the replication timing (RT) programme. Replication timing is developmentally regulated and correlated with chromatin conformation and local transcriptional potential.

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Chicken coccidiosis, caused by the infection of Eimeria species, leads to important economic losses to the poultry industry. Vaccination with attenuated live parasites seems to be the best way to control this disease. Attenuated eimerian parasites with shortened prepatent times show great changes in intracellular development compared to their parent strains but the mechanisms involved in these biological differences are still unclear.

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Replication timing experiments that use label incorporation and high throughput sequencing produce peaked data similar to ChIP-Seq experiments. However, the differences in experimental design, coverage density, and possible results make traditional ChIP-Seq analysis methods inappropriate for use with replication timing.

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Researchers typically sequence a given individual multiple times, either re-sequencing the same DNA sample (technical replication) or sequencing different DNA samples collected on the same individual (biological replication) or both.

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Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach.

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The contributions of human DNA polymerases (pols)a, dande during S-phase progression were studied in order to elaborate how these enzymes co-ordinate their functions during nuclear DNA replication. Pol d was three to four times more intensely UV cross-linked to nascent DNA in late compared with early S phase, whereas the cross-linking of pols aande remained nearly constant throughout the S phase.

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DNA replication is restricted to a specific time window of the cell cycle, called S phase. Successful progression through S phase requires replication to be properly regulated to ensure that the entire genome is duplicated exactly once, without errors, in a timely fashion. As a result, DNA replication has evolved into a tightly regulated process involving the coordinated action of numerous factors that function in all phases of the cell cycle. Biochemical mechanisms driving the eukaryotic cell division cycle have been the subject of a number of mathematical models.

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The human genome is largely made of complex sequences evolved over time due to replication,mutations and insertion of foreign DNA. Based on the nucleotide distribution and functional significance, the genome has been categorized into different block of sequences, namely genes or coding and non-coding regions. A special type of sequence located near genes, in relation to spread of DNA methylation and dinucleotide frequencies are the CpG islands1.

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