Endogeneity problems

This paper studies the effect of government contracts on trade credit by using a crosscountry firm-level data from the Enterprise Surveys of the World Bank with 10,200 observations. We apply the instrumental variable to take into account the endogeneity problem caused by the simultaneous relationship between government contracts and trade credit.

29p viindra 06-09-2023 7 4   Download

Efficient working capital management is particularly important for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in coping with greater difficulty in accessing capital market. In this research, we investigate the importance of working capital management to SMEs by analyzing the influence of working capital management and its components (inventory, accounts receivable and account payable) to profitability of SMEs.

7p visherylsandber 04-07-2022 17 2   Download

Genome-wide quantification of enhancer activity in the human genome has proven to be a challenging problem. Recent efforts have led to the development of powerful tools for enhancer quantification. However, because of genome size and complexity, these tools have yet to be applied to the whole human genome.

13p vialfrednobel 29-01-2022 8 0   Download

The aim to raise awareness of the omitted variable bias (i.e., one special form of endogeneity) and highlight its severity for causal claims. Firstly, we demonstrate via analytic proof that omitting a relevant variable from a model which explains the independent and dependent variable leads to biased estimates. Secondly, we offer an easy-to-understand visualization for the problem.

10p paddington36 04-01-2022 23 1   Download

Cancer is a significant and growing problem worldwide. While this increase may, in part, be attributed to increasing longevity, improved case notifications and risk-enhancing lifestyle (such as smoking, diet and obesity), hygiene-related factors resulting in immuno-regulatory failure may also play a major role and call for a revision of vaccination strategies to protect against a range of cancers in addition to infections.

10p vijisoo2711 30-09-2020 19 0   Download

Transgenesis refers to the technique involving the manipulation of genes of one organism and deliberate addition into the genome of another organism of same or other species and sometimes specific inhibition of endogenous gene inhibition. Transgenesis promises to solve different problems. The animals produced through the process of transgenesis will serve us various purposes from medicinal to commercial uses. Different methods of producing transgenic animals are available; however, their effectiveness varies with species involved.

10p angicungduoc5 12-06-2020 19 1   Download

Alternate bearing is a wide spread phenomenon in many fruit tree species and cause severe labour, marketing and economical problem. The term “alternate or biennial” bearing designate the production of a heavy fruit crop “On” year followed by a light fruit crop or trees may not bear a crop at all the next “Off” year. Alternate bearing is a widespread problem for growers of fruit trees, occurring in both evergreen and deciduous trees. It is more pronounced in old productive trees (more than 10 years) in comparison with the young productive trees (about 3-5 years).

17p trinhthamhodang1213 02-06-2020 17 1   Download

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of endogenous regulators of a broad range of physiological processes, which act by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. The brassica vegetable, broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), is very popular with a wide range of consumers, but environmental stresses such as salinity are a problem worldwide in restricting its growth and yield.

13p viminato2711 22-05-2020 16 1   Download

This paper examine determinants of intra-industry trade between Vietnam and Asean countries. By solving endogenous problem and applying Hausman-Taylor model for panel two-way dataset, we detect that export flows of Vietnam gravitate to neigboring countries and those with similar GDP. More importantly, the research indicates the existence of spatial-lag interaction.

15p vixuka2711 12-06-2019 19 2   Download

Twenty years after the discovery of neural stem cells, the question whether the central nervous system can be considered among regenerative tissues is still open. On one side, deep characterization of neural stem and progenitor cells, their niches, and their progeny in brain neurogenic sites overtly showed that new neurons can be generated in the brain of adult mammals, including humans.

428p bunmang_1 03-05-2013 50 7   Download

To estimate equation (5) we have to take into account the potential endogeneity of financial performance and board appointment decisions. Furthermore, including the lagged dependent variable as an independent variable makes the fixed effects estimator not only biased, but also inconsistent. To overcome this problem an instrumental variables (IV) estimator could be used. However, appropriate governance instruments are not easy to find.

44p thamgiacongdong 02-05-2013 68 10   Download

Additionally, this positive association holds for interest-rate options contracts, forward contracts, and futures contracts, suggesting that banks using any form of these contracts, on average, experience significantly higher growth in their C&I loan portfolios. Furthermore, C&I loan growth is positively related to capital ratio and negatively related to C&I loan charge-offs. The findings in this study are confirmed after a robustness check.

34p taisaovanchuavo 23-01-2013 71 4   Download

PDi and LDi are aimed at testing the incidence of adverse selection: whether firms in poor financial health and/or facing liquidity constraints are more likely to seek and get access to bank credit. In the case of the liquidity dummy there is no ambiguity about the causality and the interpretation of the results in terms of adverse selection. However, in the case of the profitability dummy, again we cannot fully eliminate the endogeneity problem because – as mentioned before – firm’s profit/loss position may affect also bank’s decision to extend the loan.

49p enterroi 01-02-2013 60 9   Download

Candidainfections have become an increasingly significant problem, mainly because of the widespread nature ofCandidaand drug resistance. There is an urgent need to develop new classes of drugs for the treatment of oppor-tunistic Candidainfections, especially in medically complex patients.

11p cosis54 05-01-2013 35 3   Download

The model presented is also related to the literature in limited risk sharing and participation constraints (Kehoe and Levine (1993), Kocherlakota (1996) and Zhang (1997)). More recently, Alvarez and Jermann (2000, 2001) showed that these participation constraints can be modelled as endogenous portfolio constraints, which they denote solvency constraints. Besides extending this strand of the literature for the case of heterogeneous beliefs, I solve this problem in continuous time for the …rst time, thus generalizing it to the case of in…nite possible states.

131p connhobinh 07-12-2012 55 5   Download

Other researchers have studied the issues examined here. Excellent articles by Blumberg and Nichols (2004), Chernew and Hirth (2004), and Gruber and Madrian (2004) have carefully documented many reasons why so many Americans are uninsured. There is no single and simple explanation about why many firms refuse to offer insurance and why employees sometimes refuse to accept these offers. The problem is complex. In this article, we focus on labor market turnover and expectations to explain firms’ insurance offer decisions.

14p quaivatxanh 29-11-2012 40 7   Download

For this call for proposals, topics focus on regenerative medicine, protein scaffolds as alternatives to antibodies and oligo-nucleotides, immunisation strategies and international cooperation. Regenerative medicine aims to restore the function of diseased or injured tissues and organs by cell transplantation or by the activation of endogenous cells. It also offers possibilities for addressing the complex problems of an ageing population and has the potential to combat rising healthcare costs.

55p quynho77 10-11-2012 34 0   Download

Abstract Exploiting a unique data set containing information on the estimated bribe payments of Ugandan firms, we study the relationship between bribery payments, taxes and firm growth over the period 1995-97. Using industry-location averages to circumvent the potential problem of endogeneity, and to deal with issues of measurement error, we find that both the rate of taxation and bribery are negatively correlated with firm growth.

25p ruavanguom 25-09-2012 76 6   Download

The literature has pointed out to the relationship between obesity in youth and premature death due to endogenous causes of cardiac/metabolic origin. It is therefore fundamental to know how and when the risk factors for CMD begin to affect vascular function and structure, and particularly, how to detect them early in order to enable the development of truly primary preventive strategies.

230p wqwqwqwqwq 20-07-2012 71 4   Download

Diabetes Mellitus The success of islet cell and pancreas transplantation provides proof of concept for a cell-based approach for type I diabetes. However, the demand for donor pancreata far exceeds the number available, and maintenance of long-term graft survival remains a problem. The search for a renewable source of stem cells capable of regenerating pancreatic islets has therefore been intensive. Pancreatic βcell turnover occurs in the normal pancreas, although the source of the new βcells is controversial.

5p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 104 11   Download