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Epigenetic diversity
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Cancer evolution depends on epigenetic and genetic diversity. Historically, in multiple myeloma (MM), subclonal diversity and tumor evolution have been investigated mostly from a genetic perspective.
21p
vibransone
28-03-2024
5
2
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Autotetraploid Carassius auratus (4nRCC, 4n = 200, RRRR) was derived from the whole genome duplication of diploid red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2nRCC, 2n = 100, RR). To investigate the genetic effects of tetraploidization, we analyzed DNA variation, epigenetic modification and gene expression changes in the Sox9a-Amh-Cyp19a1a regulatory cascade between 4nRCC and 2nRCC.
9p
vihagrid
30-01-2023
7
3
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Paradoxically, centromeres are known both for their characteristic repeat sequences (satellite DNA) and for being epigenetically defined. Maize (Zea mays mays) is an attractive model for studying centromere positioning because many of its large (~2 Mb) centromeres are not dominated by satellite DNA.
11p
vialfrednobel
29-01-2022
14
0
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Differences in DNA methylation can arise as epialleles, which are loci that differ in chromatin state and are inherited over generations. Epialleles offer an additional source of variation that can affect phenotypic diversity beyond changes to nucleotide sequence. Previous research has looked at the rate at which spontaneous epialleles arise but it is currently unknown how they are maintained across generations.
16p
vialfrednobel
29-01-2022
11
0
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Age-associated epigenetic changes are implicated in aging. Notably, age-associated DNA methylation changes comprise a so-called aging “clock”, a robust biomarker of aging. However, while genetic, dietary and drug interventions can extend lifespan, their impact on the epigenome is uncharacterised.
16p
vialfrednobel
29-01-2022
11
1
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Dietary restriction (DR), a reduction in food intake without malnutrition, increases most aspects of health during aging and extends lifespan in diverse species, including rodents. However, the mechanisms by which DR interacts with the aging process to improve health in old age are poorly understood.
18p
vialfrednobel
29-01-2022
14
0
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Vertebrate DNA is subjected to epigenetic base modifications that have been thought to be limited to methylated and other modified forms of cytidine. A recent study shows that methylation of adenine to form N6 -methyladenine is a rare but readily detectable modification that can be mapped to distinct genomic sites in vertebrates.
4p
viaristotle
29-01-2022
13
0
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Histone modification H4K20me3 and its methyltransferase SUV420H2 have been implicated in suppression of tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism is unclear, although H4K20me3 abundance increases during cellular senescence, a stable proliferation arrest and tumor suppressor process, triggered by diverse molecular cues, including activated oncogenes.
20p
viaristotle
29-01-2022
5
0
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DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications influencing the regulation of gene expression. The opium poppy is an important medicinal plant. Its latex contains opium, which is a rich source of pharmaceutical benzyisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA). Here, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) profiling technique using 21 MSAP molecular markers was applied in order to compare levels of DNA methylation between 6 opium poppy varieties. MSAP profiling reflected the different methylation statuses among opium poppy varieties having divergent BIA content.
7p
thiencuuchu
27-11-2021
6
0
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Methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins play important roles in epigenetic gene regulation, and have diverse molecular, cellular, and biological functions in plants. MBD proteins have been functionally characterized in various plant species, including Arabidopsis, wheat, maize, and tomato. In rice, 17 sequences were bioinformatically predicted as putative MBD proteins.
14p
vijichea2711
28-05-2021
8
1
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Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is considered a tumor suppressor due to frequent epigenetic and micro-RNA-mediated repression of its gene expression in diverse cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), elevated expression of miR-30d that targets SOCS1 mRNA is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence.
14p
vimale2711
21-08-2020
11
2
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Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease resulting in diverse clinical behaviours and therapeutic responses. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic alteration that is commonly perturbed in cancers. The aim of this study is to characterize the relationship between DNA methylation and aberrant gene expression in breast cancer.
12p
viputrajaya2711
22-06-2020
5
1
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Breast cancer (BC) displays striking genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic diversity. N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA has emerged as a crucial epitranscriptomic modification that controls cancer self-renewal and cell fate. However, the key enzymes of m6A expression and function in human breast carcinogenesis remain unclear.
12p
viputrajaya2711
22-06-2020
11
0
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The genetic structure and differentiation of wild emmer wheat suggests that genetic diversity is eco-geographically structured. However, very little is known about the structure and extent of the heritable epigenetic variation and its influence on local adaptation in natural populations.
10p
vihashirama2711
21-05-2020
16
1
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Phenotypic variation is determined by a combination of genotype, environment and their interactions. The realization that allelic diversity can be both genetic and epigenetic allows the environmental component to be further separated.
17p
vihashirama2711
21-05-2020
13
1
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A key factor in regulating bone absorption is the proportion of RANKL/OPG. Although many reports showing diverse transcription factors or epigenetic modification could be responsible for regulating RANKL&OPG ratio, there is still little exploration on promoter methylation status of both genes in osteoporotic bone tissues.
6p
vihasaki2711
12-11-2019
11
0
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Multicellular organisms comprise a variety of cell types that have the same genotype but distinct phenotypes. This diversity is possible because of the establishment of a specific epigenetic landscape that stabilizes gene expression profiles that are exclusive for a particular cell type.
15p
sony2711
28-01-2019
28
1
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During the development of multicellular organisms, both transient and stable gene expression patterns have to be established in a precisely orchestrated sequence. Evidence from diverse model organisms indicates that this epigenetic program involves not only transcription factors, but also the local structure, composition, and modification of chromatin, which define and maintain the accessibility and transcriptional competence of the nucleosomal DNA template.
6p
research12
01-06-2013
28
3
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Cancer may constitute the most extensively studied disease entity of our time. Nevertheless, our comprehension of the cellular and molecular pathology of malignant transformation is incomplete. In view of the diverse clinical presentations of various malignancies, doubts may be raised as to whether it is appropriate to refer to cancer as one group of disease states. The notion of malignant tumors as a pathologic and pathophysiologic class of conditions begs the question for defining criteria that characterize all malignant growths, regardless of their tissue of origin....
644p
tom_123
15-11-2012
45
3
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Does this mean that differences in genetic diversity levels will have predictable ecological consequences? The answer is no, because only one portion of genetic diversity is connected to ecological factors, i.e. adaptation. Ecological adaptation is a significant factor for example, in range expansion of plant species. Plants with different genotypes conferring the highest levels of fitness are expected to survive and reproduce better, shifting the gene pool over time towards higher frequencies of the alleles making up the more successful genotypes (Ward et al., 2008).
374p
conquynho32
18-09-2012
111
14
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