Epigenetic mechanism underlying
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Cancers have long been recognized to be not only genetically but also epigenetically distinct from their tissues of origin. Although genetic alterations underlying oncogene upregulation have been well studied, to what extent epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, can also induce oncogene expression remains unknown.
12p vigalileogalilei 27-02-2022 13 1 Download
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Identifying genetic variants that are associated with methylation variation—an analysis commonly referred to as methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) mapping—is important for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying genotype-trait associations.
18p vielonmusk 30-01-2022 15 0 Download
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It is now obvious that the majority of cellular transcripts do not code for proteins, and a significant subset of them are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Many lncRNAs show aberrant expression in cancer, and some of them have been linked to cell transformation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and it is unknown how the sequences of lncRNA dictate their function
15p vialfrednobel 29-01-2022 16 0 Download
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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are responsible for 10% of spontaneous mouse mutations, are kept under control via several epigenetic mechanisms. The H3K9 histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is essential for ERV repression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with DNA methylation also playing an important role.
11p vialfrednobel 29-01-2022 7 0 Download
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Chronic psychological stress is associated with accelerated aging and increased risk for aging-related diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Results: We examined the effect of lifetime stressors on a DNA methylation-based age predictor, epigenetic clock.
12p viaristotle 29-01-2022 10 0 Download
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Caloric restriction (CR) can increase longevity in rodents and improve memory function in humans. α-Lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to improve memory function in rats, but not longevity. While studies have looked at survival in rodents after switching from one diet to another, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of CR and LA supplementation are unknown.
18p viaristotle 29-01-2022 12 0 Download
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Histone modification H4K20me3 and its methyltransferase SUV420H2 have been implicated in suppression of tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism is unclear, although H4K20me3 abundance increases during cellular senescence, a stable proliferation arrest and tumor suppressor process, triggered by diverse molecular cues, including activated oncogenes.
20p viaristotle 29-01-2022 5 0 Download
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CIMP (CpG island methylator phenotype) is an epigenetic molecular subtype, observed in multiple malignancies and associated with the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors. Currently, for most cancers including gastric cancer (GC), mechanisms underlying CIMP remain poorly understood.
29p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 10 0 Download
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Topologically associating domains (TADs) are important building blocks of three-dimensional genome architectures. The formation of TADs has been shown to depend on cohesin in a loop-extrusion mechanism.
26p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 10 0 Download
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Long noncoding enhancer RNAs (lnc-eRNAs) are a subset of stable eRNAs identified from annotated lncRNAs. They might act as enhancer activityrelated therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of epigenetic activation and their function in cancer initiation and progression remain largely unknown.
23p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 10 0 Download
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Pigs are important animals for agricultural and biomedical research, and improvement is needed for use of the assisted reproductive technologies. Determining underlying mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in the early stage of preimplantation embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenesis, and androgenesis will not only contribute to assisted reproductive technologies of pigs but also will shed light into early human development.
21p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 48 0 Download
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The epigenetic mechanisms involved have also been explained to an extent. Certain diseases that manifest due to ageing can potentially be delayed with the right nutrition and diet. Antioxidants and polyphenols help reduce the oxidative stress, and this study is important as oxidative stress is one of the main reasons of ageing. Many theories for ageing have been hypothesised and are under study. Nutrigenomics might be the break-through that changes the perception of “diets” and how beneficial the right diet can be on human health.
7p mudbound 10-12-2021 7 2 Download
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Mollusca, a phylum of highly rich species, possess vivid shell colours, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. DNA methylation, one of the most common epigenetic modifications in eukaryotes, is believed to play a vital role in various biological processes. However, analysis of the effects of DNA methylation on shell colouration has rarely been performed in molluscs, limiting the current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of shell colour formation.
14p vilarryellison 29-10-2021 5 0 Download
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Freakish and rare or the tip of the iceberg? Both phrases have been used to refer to paramutation, an epigenetic drive that contravenes Mendel’s first law of segregation. Although its underlying mechanisms are beginning to unravel, its understanding relies only on a few examples that may involve transgenes or artificially generated epialleles.
15p vibeauty 23-10-2021 9 1 Download
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Consequences of early life stress on genomic landscape of H3K4me3 in prefrontal cortex of adult mice
Maternal separation models in rodents are widely used to establish molecular mechanisms underlying prolonged effects of early life adversity on neurobiological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. However, global epigenetic signatures following early life stress in these models remain unclear.
11p vibeauty 23-10-2021 5 0 Download
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Numerous studies have established a link between maternal diet and the physiological and metabolic phenotypes of their offspring. In previous studies in sheep, we demonstrated that different maternal diets altered the transcriptome of fetal tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptomic changes are poorly understood. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark regulating transcription and is largely influenced by dietary components of the onecarbon cycle that generate the methyl group donor, SAM.
14p vibeauty 23-10-2021 4 0 Download
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Hibernation in an appropriate environment not only is important for the survival of hibernators in winter, but also is crucial for breeding in the following season for many hibernating species. However, the genetic and epigenetic mechanism underlying this process remain unclear.
13p vijeeni2711 30-06-2021 18 2 Download
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Glutaminase 2 (Gls2) is a p53 target gene and is known to play an important role in energy metabolism. Gls2 has been reported to be downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism responsible for its downregulation is still unclear. Here, we investigated Gls2 expression and its promoter methylation status in human liver and colon cancers.
9p vijennie2711 25-09-2020 17 1 Download
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Recombinant cell lines developed for therapeutic antibody production often suffer instability or lose recombinant protein expression during long-term culture. Heterogeneous gene expression among cell line subclones may result from epigenetic modifications of DNA or histones, the protein component of chromatin.
16p viuchiha2711 21-04-2020 14 0 Download
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Epigenetic mechanisms control eukaryotic development beyond DNA-stored information. There are several pathways, including histone tail mod-ifications, histone variant incorporation, nucleosome remodelling, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs that together all contribute to the dynamic ‘make-up’ of chromatin under distinct developmental options.
15p inspiron33 25-03-2013 36 2 Download