Equilibrium GDP

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of income for all goods and services acquired in a given time period. This study develops a model of GDP data for the state of Johor between 2005-2016 using the Logistic Growth model. Long-term GDP equilibrium values are predicted using non-linear equations and tested with different parameters. Forecasts of GDP in the near future are also presented using the appropriate parameters.

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Chapter 12 Aggregate supply. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Why the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping, and what factors shift the entire curve; what determines the shape of the short run aggregate supply curve, and what factors shift the entire curve; how the equilibrium price level and real GDP are determined; the distinction between the short-run and long-run supply curve; the nature and causes of recessionary and inflationary gaps.

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Chapter 11 - The aggregate expenditures model. The chapter begins with the simple version of the AE model: that of a closed, private economy. The equilibrium GDP is determined and multiplier effects are briefly reviewed. The simplified “closed” economy is then “opened” to show how it would be affected by exports and imports.

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Previous studies have documented long run equilibrium relationships between either stock prices and labour income or dividends and consumption. In a general equilibrium stochastic growth model, these variables are related in the long run because they are all driven by the same stochastic trend - the fundamental development of productivity. We show that national stock price indices are cointegrated with domestic and foreign GDP in the G7 countries. Higher domestic productivity increase both domestic GDP and domestic stock prices.

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The article was conducted to assess equilibrium level of credit-to-GDP ratio. The research is based on the fundamental macroeconomic indicators and international comparisons of the similar sized economies. In addition, the paper presents a set of econometric methods for estimating the influence of supply and demand factors on the dynamics of credit aggregates.

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With liberalization of trade and markets nations across globe are able to overcome capital scarcity with inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). FDI is an important factor in the globalization process as it provides opportunities and financial challenges around the world promotes stable and lasting economic links between countries through direct access to investors in home economies to production units of the host economies.

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Bài nghiên cứu này sử dụng mô hình cân bằng động ngẫu nhiên tổng quát (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium- DSGE) mô phỏng mối quan hệ giữa các biến kinh tế vĩ mô chính của Việt Nam từ đó ứng dụng để phân tích tổng cầu tại Việt Nam. Trong đó, phân tích hàm phản ứng của biến chênh lệch sản lượng (output gap, biến thể đại diện cho GDP) khi có các cú shocks từ mô hình DSGE cho thấy có sự phù hợp với lý thuyết kinh tế cũng như các nghiên cứu trước đây.

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Define aggregate demand (AD) and explain the factors that cause it to change; define aggregate supply (AS) and explain the factors that cause it to change; discuss how AD and AS determine an economy's equilibrium price level and level of real GDP; describe how the AD-AS model explains periods of demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, and recession; identify how the aggregate demand curve relates to the aggregate expenditures model.

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In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Illustrate how economists combine consumption and investment to depict an aggregate expenditures schedule for a private closed economy, analyze how changes in equilibrium real GDP can occur in the aggregate expenditures model and describe how those changes relate to the multiplier, identify and describe the nature and causes of "recessionary expenditure gaps" and "inflationary expenditure gaps".

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss how the equilibrium interest rate is determined in the market for money, list and explain the goals and tools of monetary policy, describe the Federal funds rate and how the Fed directly influences it, identify the mechanisms by which monetary policy affects GDP and the price level, explain the effectiveness of monetary policy and its shortcomings.

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Chapter 23 - The Keynesian framework. In this chapter you will learn to see the differences among saving, investment, desired saving, and desired investment and explain how these differences can generate short-run fluctuations in real GDP; understand the Keynesian cross and determination of an equilibrium level of income; analyze autonomous changes in macroeconomic variables and their potential to cause economic fluctuations.

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Chapter 24 - The ISLM world. In this chapter you will learn to identify the shift and slope determinants of the LM curve, identify the shift and slope determinants of the IS curve, understand how combining the IS and LM curves determines an equilibrium level of real GDP and interest rate, explain how ISLM analysis is connected to the aggregate demand curve.

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Illustrate how economists combine consumption and investment to depict an aggregate expenditures schedule for a private closed economy, discuss the three characteristics of the equilibrium level of real GDP in a private closed economy, analyze how changes in equilibrium real GDP can occur in the aggregate expenditures model and describe how those changes relate to the multiplier,...

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Chapter 12 - Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Define aggregate demand (AD) and explain the factors that cause it to change, define aggregate supply (AS) and explain the factors that cause it to change, discuss how AD and AS determine an economy's equilibrium price level and level of real GDP,...

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss how the equilibrium interest rate is determined in the market for money, list and explain the goals and tools of monetary policy, describe the Federal funds rate and how the Fed directly influences it, identify the mechanisms by which monetary policy affects GDP and the price level, explain the effectiveness of monetary policy and its shortcomings.

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Chapter 29 - Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. This chapter define aggregate demand (AD) and explain the factors that cause it to change; define aggregate supply (AS) and explain the factors that cause it to change; discuss how AD and AS determine an economy's equilibrium price level and level of real GDP; describe how the AD-AS model explains periods of demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, and recession; identify how the aggregate demand curve relates to the aggregate expenditures model.

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Chapter 28 - The aggregate expenditures model. In this chapter, you will learn to: Aggregate expenditures for a private closed economy, characteristics of equilibrium real GDP in a private closed economy, changes in equilibrium real GDP and the multiplier, adding the government and international sectors, recessionary and inflationary expenditure gaps.

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Chapter 33 - Interest rates and monetary policy. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss how the equilibrium interest rate is determined in the market for money, list and explain the goals and tools of monetary policy, describe the Federal funds rate and how the Fed directly influences it, identify the mechanisms by which monetary policy affects GDP and the price level, explain the effectiveness of monetary policy and its shortcomings.

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Chapter 8 - Building the aggregate expenditure model. In this chapter you will learn: The factors that determine consumption expenditure and saving, the factors that determine investment spending, how equilibrium GDP is determined in a closed economy without a government sector, about the effects of the multiplier on changes in equilibrium GDP,…

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Chapter 9 - Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Why the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping, and what factors shift the entire curve; what determines the shape of the short run aggregate supply curve, and what factors shift the entire curve; how the equilibrium price level and real GDP are determined; the distinction between the short-run and long-run supply curve; the nature and causes of recessionary and inflationary gaps.

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