Exceptional symmetry

The second Chargaff’s parity rule and its extensions are recognized as universal phenomena in DNA sequences. However, parity of the frequencies of reverse complementary oligonucleotides could be a mere consequence of the single nucleotide parity rule, if nucleotide independence is assumed.

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The models seen in the previous chapters dealt with vehicles that maintain their symmetry plane more or less perpendicular to the ground; i.e. they move with a roll angle that is usually small. Moreover, the pitch angle was also assumed to be small, with the z axis remaining close to perpendicular to the ground. Since pitch and roll angles are small, stability in the small can be studied by linearizing the equations of motion in a position where θ = φ = 0. Two-wheeled vehicles are an important exception. Their roll angle is defined by equilibrium considerations and, particularly at...

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