Extracellular glycoproteins

Ebook "Capillary electrophoresis of carbohydrates: From monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides" provides the reader with the latest breakthroughs and improvements in CE and CE techniques applied to monosaccharides up to complex oligo- and polysaccharides. Chapter 1 presents an overview on the application of CE and CE–mass spectrometric (MS) in the analysis of simple carbohydrates without any previous derivatization step.

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Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a cell-surface glycoprotein, is overexpressed in several cancer types. EMMPRIN induces a metastatic phenotype by triggering the production of matrix metalloproteinase proteins (MMPs) such as MMP1 and MMP2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells.

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Matricellular glycoprotein, SPARC is a secreted molecule, that mediates the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix. SPARC functions as a regulator of matrix organization and modulates cell behavior.

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YKL-40 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with a significant role in tissue inflammation and remodeling. MIP-1a has chemotactic and pro-inflammatory properties, and is induced by YKL-40 in several lung disorders.

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Back pain and disc degeneration have a growing socioeconomic healthcare impact. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose extracellular and intracellular domains participate in cellular signaling. Little is currently known about the presence or role of MUC1 in human disc degeneration.

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Fibulin-4, a member of the fibulin family of extracellular glycoproteins, is implicated in the progressions of some cancers. However, no information has been available to date regarding the function of fibulin-4 in ovarian carcinoma progression.

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Fibronectin (FN) is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein component of the extracellular matrix involved in cell adhesion, migration, metastasis, proliferation and differentiation, as well as embryogenesis, wound healing, and blood coagulation.

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Vitronectin is a multifunctional glycoprotein known in several human tumors for its adhesive role in processes such as cell growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.

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Podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane O-glycoprotein, is up-regulated in many tumors and is involved in tumor metastasis and malignant progression. In previous studies, we generated a functional blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb, SZ168) against the extracellular domain of human PDPN.

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Leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) are extracellular proteins consisting of an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and a C-terminal extensin domain containing the typical features of this class of structural hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs).

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Keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata) hemocyanin (KLH), an extracellular respiratory protein, is widely used as hapten carrier and immune stimulant. Although it is generally accepted that the sugar constituents of this glycoprotein are likely to be implicated in the antigenicity and biomedical properties of KLH, knowledge of its carbohydrate structure is still limited. Therefore, we have investigated the N-linked oligosaccharides of KLH. Glycan chains were enzymati-cally liberated from tryptic glycopeptides, pyridylaminated and separated by two-dimensional HPLC....

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We purified an extracellular pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) from the basidiomycete fungusAgaricus xanthodermausing ammonium sulfate frac-tionation and ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The native enzyme is a monomeric glycoprotein (5% carbohydrate) con-taining a covalently bound FAD as its prosthetic group.

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The extracellular bga1-encoded b-galactosidase of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) was overexpressed under the pyruvat kinase (pki1) promoter region and purified to apparent homogeneity. The monomeric enzyme is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 118.8 ± 0.5 kDa (MALDI-MS) and an isoelectric point of 6.6.

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Among molluscs, the shell biomineralization process is controlled by a set of extracellular macromolecular components secreted by the calcifying mantle. In spite of several studies, these components are mainly known in bivalves from only few members of pteriomorph groups.

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Fibronectins (FNs) are dimeric glycoproteins that adopt a globular con-formation when present in plasma and solution and an extended confor-mation in the extracellular matrix. Factor XII (FXII) is a zymogen of the proteolytically active FXIIa that plays a role in thrombus stabiliza-tion by enhancing clot formation and in inflammation by enhancing bradykinin formation.

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In molluscs, and more generally in metazoan organisms, the production of a calcified skeleton is a complex molecular process that is regulated by the secretion of an extracellular organic matrix. This matrix constitutes a cohe-sive and functional macromolecular assemblage, containing mainly pro-teins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that, together, control the biomineral formation.

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