Formal correspondence

In addition, we also show that our present solutions are valid for the problems of indentation by a rigid punch on an elastic half-space through a proper replacement of the contact radius and the corresponding material constant. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy, applicability, and versatility of the developed solutions.

16p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 4 1   Download

Ebook Communication skills-II: Part 2 presents the following content: Aesthetic appreciation of texts: poems; parts of speech and common errors in english; use of capitals and basic punctuations; basics of official correspondence;...Please refer to the documentation for more details.

109p chankora 16-06-2023 5 3   Download

This paper gives a critical evaluation of Catford’s linguistic model of translationusing bilingual data with source text-target text pairs being analysed to show the relevance of Catford’s model.

5p vilexus 30-09-2022 10 3   Download

Languages and their generative grammars can be be classified into different cate- gories depending on the complexity of the structures of their production rules. The first category, which correspond to the simplest kind of production rules, is called regular.

12p larachdumlanat126 31-12-2020 21 1   Download

This paper provides an overview of the model and the challenges it might face. The primary data were collected from 55 customers who were holding bank account and use banking services through SBI Business correspondents in Iyyan Reddiyapatti, Marungapuri block, Trichy district.

6p murielnguyen 29-06-2020 28 1   Download

Business letters are formal paper communications between, to or from businesses and usually sent through the Post Office or sometimes by courier. Business letters are sometimes called "snail-mail" (in contrast to email which is faster). This lesson concentrates on business letters but also looks at other business correspondence.

20p kityco 13-03-2017 225 47   Download

The formal architecture of Lexical Functional Grammar offers a particular formal device, the structural correspondence, for modularizing the mapping between the surface forms of a language and representations of their underlying meanings. This approach works well when the structural discrepancies between form and meaning representations are finitely bounded, but there are some phenomena in natural language, e.g. adverbs in English, where this restriction does not hold.

8p buncha_1 08-05-2013 44 3   Download

This paper offers a provisional mathematical typology of metrical representations. First, a family of algebras corresponding to different versions of grid and bracketed grid theory is introduced. It is subsequently shown in what way bracketed grid theory differs from metrical theories using trees. Finally, we show that there are no significant differences between the formalism of bracketed grids (for metrical structure) and the representation used in the work of [Kaye, et al., 1985], [1990] for subsyllabic structure. ...

10p buncha_1 08-05-2013 40 2   Download

Kaplan et al. (1989) present a framework for translation based on the description and correspondence concepts of LexicalFunctional Grammar (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982). Certain phenomena, in particular the head-switching of adverbs and verbs, seem to be problematic for that approach. In this paper we suggest that these difficulties are more properly considered as the result of defective monolingual analyses.

10p buncha_1 08-05-2013 42 2   Download

Kaplan et al (1989) present an approach to machine translation based on co-description. In this paper we show that the notation is not as natural and expressive as it appears. We first show that the most natural analysis proposed in Kaplan et al (1989) cannot in fact cover the range of data for the important translational phenomenon in question. This contribution extends the work reported on in Sadler et al (1989) and Sadler et al (1990). We then go on to discuss alternatives which depart from or extend the formalism proposed in Kaplan et al (1989) in various...

6p buncha_1 08-05-2013 44 3   Download

We sketch and illustrate an approach to machine translation that exploits the potential of simultaneous correspondences between separate levels of linguistic representation, as formalized in the LFG notion of codescriptions. The approach is illustrated with examples from English, German and French where the source and the target language sentence show noteworthy differences in linguistic analysis. INTRODUCTION In this paper we sketch an approach to machine translation that offers several advantages compared to many of the other strategies currently being pursued. ...

10p buncha_1 08-05-2013 30 1   Download

The paper introduces a grammar formalism for defining the set of sentences in a language, a set of labeled trees (not the derivation trees of the grammar) for the representation of the interpretation of the sentences, and the (possibly non-projective) correspondence between subtrees of each tree and substrings of the related sentence. The grammar formalism is motivated by the linguistic approach (adopted at GETA) where a multilevel interpretative structure is associated to a sentence.

7p buncha_1 08-05-2013 50 2   Download

We describe a method for interpreting abstract fiat syntactic representations, LFG fstructures, as underspecified semantic representations, here Underspecified Discourse Representation Structures (UDRSs). The method establishes a one-to-one correspondence between subsets of the LFG and UDRS formalisms. It provides a model theoretic interpretation and an inferential component which operates directly on underspecified representations for fstructures through the translation images of f-structures as UDRSs. ...

8p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 33 3   Download

"collective" verb. The collective/distributive distinction raises an important issue: how to treat the semantics of plural NPs uniformly. An eadiar paper by Scha ("Distributive, Collective and Cumulative Quantification" [7], hereinafter "DCC") presented a formal treatment of this issue which exploits an idea about the semantics of plural NP's which is due to Bartsch [1]: plural NP's are a l w a y s interpreted as quantifying over sets rather than individuals; verbs are correspondingly always treated as collective predicates applying to sets. ...

8p bungio_1 03-05-2013 41 2   Download

Modeling multi-level complex systems is the object of this book. Complex systems are assemblies of several subsystems and are characterized by emergent behavior resulting by nonlinear interactions among subsystems for multiple levels of organization. The complexity of numerous systems is rooted in the existence of many levels of self-organization corresponding to different time and space scales. There is a need to provide general frameworks able to combine several scales and reality levels of the complex systems in one coherent and transdisciplinary discourse.

251p namde04 02-05-2013 90 9   Download

We introduce an algorithm for designing a predictive left to right shift-reduce non-deterministic push-down machine corresponding to an arbitrary unrestricted context-free grammar and an algorithm for efficiently driving this machine in pseudo-parallel. The performance of the resulting parser is formally proven to be superior to Earley's parser (1970). The technique employed consists in constructing before run-time a parsing table that encodes a nondeterministic machine in the which the predictive behavior has been compiled out. ...

8p bunmoc_1 20-04-2013 51 3   Download

We investigate Global Index Grammars (GIGs), a grammar formalism that uses a stack of indices associated with productions and has restricted context-sensitive power. We discuss some of the structural descriptions that GIGs can generate compared with those generated by LIGs. We show also how GIGs can represent structural descriptions corresponding to HPSGs (Pollard and Sag, 1994) schemas.

8p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 36 3   Download

Domain adaptation is an important problem in natural language processing (NLP) due to the lack of labeled data in novel domains. In this paper, we study the domain adaptation problem from the instance weighting perspective. We formally analyze and characterize the domain adaptation problem from a distributional view, and show that there are two distinct needs for adaptation, corresponding to the different distributions of instances and classification functions in the source and the target domains. ...

8p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 32 2   Download

Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammar (STAG) is a promising formalism for syntaxaware machine translation and simultaneous computation of natural-language syntax and semantics. Current research in both of these areas is actively pursuing its incorporation. However, STAG parsing is known to be NP-hard due to the potential for intertwined correspondences between the linked nonterminal symbols in the elementary structures.

9p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 47 2   Download

Within this trend of thought: we can distinguish on the one hand, classic or traditional organisation theory and, on the other, contingency theory. The first contribution in this line of thought is what corresponds to the classic school represented by Fayol (1949) and Taylor (1911), who bequeathed a scientific, rational vision of company and management systems.

16p nhacchovina 25-02-2013 42 1   Download