Formalizing Banking

This book is highly recommended to not only financial/economic historians, but also readers who are currently or will in the future be involved in banking supervision, that is, students, bankers, supervisors, and international officials.

173p minhquan0690 19-09-2023 5 3   Download

The observation of firms’ political connections (PCs) and corruption has raised the question of their benefits to firms’ operation, especially on accessing to the financial resources. Firms with stronger political connections or informal payment willingness may get easier in approaching to formal bank loans. The paper gives a better understanding about the characteristics of SMEs in an emerging market and a networkoriented country like Vietnam.

5p visirius 11-01-2023 10 4   Download

Banking in Pakistan first formally started in Pakistan during the period of British colonialism in the South Asia. After independence from British Raj in 1947, and the emergence of Pakistan as a country in the globe, the scope of banking in Pakistan has been increasing and expanding continuously.

27p nanhankhuoctai10 23-07-2020 8 1   Download

This paper provides an overview of the model and the challenges it might face. The primary data were collected from 55 customers who were holding bank account and use banking services through SBI Business correspondents in Iyyan Reddiyapatti, Marungapuri block, Trichy district.

6p murielnguyen 29-06-2020 28 1   Download

This study examines how financial literacy and financial innovation can improve financial inclusion among households in Uganda. Large sections of the population in rural and urban areas in Uganda still remain out of the coverage of formal financial systems. The study uses a cross sectional survey research design. The study population comprised of the adult population in both rural and urban settings in Uganda. Empirical data was analyzed using correlation and regression analyses.

20p trinhthamhodang2 19-01-2020 20 4   Download

The difficulty of enterprises in accessing capital is one of the barriers for development of Vietnamese enterprises in general and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in particular. Difficult accessibility to capital forces enterprises to pay additional costs (both formal and informal) in order to obtain loans, thereby increasing their cost of production.

15p viartemis2711 22-10-2019 39 1   Download

This paper contends the data specifically used to evaluate accounting measurement issues. The data will be divided into initial and subsequent recognition because such partition collectively affects the financial report figures.

13p vititan2711 14-08-2019 26 0   Download

Good availability of bank credit and informal capital can partially but not fully substitute for underdeveloped equity markets. New Zealand’s banking sector has been growing since 1990 in line with growth in Australia and Denmark. Informal capital markets are also larger than in most OECD countries relative to GDP. International Linkages While New Zealand’s economy has low formal barriers to trade, its share of external trade (relative to GDP) is well below that of similar-sized, high-performing OECD countries.

44p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 53 6   Download

The self-reported barriers vary significantly across regions as well as by individual characteristics. Among adults without a formal account, those in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean are the most likely to cite missing documentation as a reason for not having one. Those in Europe and Central Asia have the least trust in banks. Women tend to report using someone else’s account significantly more than do men, highlighting the challenges that women may encounter in account ownership.

703p nhacsihuytuan 13-04-2013 76 11   Download

In this mechanistic and formal trend we could also include what is known as contingency theory, which, according to Amat (1991), is a simplification of systems theory. This approach maintains that no control system is ideal for all organisations, but instead depends on the circumstances in which it finds itself (Amat, 1991). It is thought to have been developed by Burns and Stalker (1961), Thomson (1967), Woodward (1965), Lawrence and Lorsch (1967), and Gordon and Miller (1975).

13p nhacchovina 25-02-2013 38 2   Download

The purpose of the Companion is to provide a reference work for the active researcher in law and economics. In so doing, care has been taken to avoid a possible overlap with other works in the field. In particular, the Companion does not intend to duplicate the ambitious New Palgrave, which aims to balance its pointedly formal focus by emphasizing institutional economics (Newman, 1998).

777p phoebe75 20-02-2013 51 7   Download

The first set of indicators focuses on formal accounts; the mechanics of the use of these accounts ( frequency of use, mode of access); the purpose of these accounts (personal or business, receipt of payments from work, government, or family); barriers to account use; and alternatives to formal accounts (mobile money). The account penetration indicator measures individual or joint ownership of formal accounts—accounts at a formal financial institution such as a bank, credit union, co- operative, post office, or microfinance institution.

9p mebachano 01-02-2013 34 2   Download

These differences are likely to stem from three important variations in user-side data on the use of financial services. First, the definition of an account varies across surveys and respondents are often prompted in different ways. The Global Findex survey defines an account as an individual or joint account at a formal financial institution (a bank, credit union, cooperative, post office, or microfi- nance institution) and notes in the question text that an account can be used to save money, to make or receive payments, or to receive wages and remittances.

9p mebachano 01-02-2013 41 2   Download

Nevertheless, a cursory look at these self-reported barriers provides interesting information. Distance from a bank is a much greater barrier in rural areas, as expected. Technological and other innovations that help overcome this barrier of physical distance could pay off—potentially increasing the share of adults us- ing a formal account by up to 23 percentage points in Sub-Saharan Africa and 14 percentage points in South Asia.

25p mebachano 01-02-2013 79 5   Download

Worldwide, by far the most common reason for not having a formal account— cited by 65 percent of adults without an account—is lack of enough money to use one. This speaks to the fact that having a formal account is not costless in most parts of the world and may be viewed as unnecessary by a person whose income stream is small or irregular. Other common reasons reported for not having an account are that banks or accounts are too expensive (cited by 25 percent of adults without a formal account) and that banks are too far away (cited by 20...

61p mebachano 01-02-2013 40 5   Download

Unique data on the mechanics of account use across economies show that here too there are sharp differences between high-income and developing economies—in the frequency of deposits and withdrawals, in the way that people access their ac- counts, and in the payment systems they use. In developing economies 10 percent of adults with a formal account report making no deposits or withdrawals in a typical month; in high-income economies only 2 percent report this.

81p mebachano 01-02-2013 45 5   Download

Deposits - Policies may be “bound”, or formally agreed to, before all the details are worked out. This can result in a “binder” premium, or initial deposit. Policies can also be sold for which the pricing exposure is not initially known, also requiring an initial deposit premium until an estimate of the ultimate premium can be obtained. (Deposit premiums are sometimes used for reinsurance treaties where the final premium is a function of the subject business during the treaty effective period.

23p taisaovanchuavo 26-01-2013 59 3   Download

These banking successes should be celebrated. They pave the way for broadening access to finance for hundreds of millions, perhaps even billions, of low-income people who today lack ready access to formal financial services. Such access on its own is not yet proven to increase economic growth or to reduce poverty on a large-scale level—and, as a general proposition, we doubt that it will on its own.

32p taisaovanchuavo 23-01-2013 74 5   Download

The competing reactions reveal diverging views around the possibilities and limits of microfinance, a polarization captured colorfully by Connie Bruck (2006) in The New Yorker. Yet there are also areas of shared vision. Most important, all agree that the demand for reliable financial services is huge. We estimate that roughly 40 to 80 percent of the populations in most developing economies lack access to formal sector banking services (Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Martinez Peria, 2007; World Bank, 2007).

0p taisaovanchuavo 23-01-2013 45 4   Download

The limited access to finance remains a key constraint on growth across the region, limiting the scope for smaller, less well-established firms to finance investment through the formal banking system. How to improve access and increase the level of financial intermediation remains a key policy challenge.

9p machuavo 19-01-2013 41 4   Download