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Gene conversions
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Exosomes are promising tools for improving cancer care, but conversely may also contribute to tumor progression. Here, we highlight recently discovered roles of exosomes in modulating immune responses in cancer, with emphasis on exosomal surface proteins and on RNA and DNA content. We also discuss how exosomes could be exploited as biomarkers and delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.
4p
vibransone
28-03-2024
2
2
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Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which has been found to be associated with malignant tumour growth. However, the potential immunological and clinical significance of HK2, especially in terms of prognostic prediction for patients with glioma, has not been fully elucidated.
20p
vialfrednobel
23-12-2023
6
3
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Cuproptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death dependent on mitochondrial respiratory disorder induced by copper overload. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB) is one of the cuproptosis genesand is a nuclear-encoded pyruvate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A.
13p
vioracle
29-09-2023
8
2
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Residual biomass production for fuel conversion represents a unique opportunity to avoid concerns about compromising food supply by using dedicated feedstock crops. Developing tomato varieties suitable for both food consumption and fuel conversion requires the establishment of new selection methods.
13p
vinarcissa
21-03-2023
6
1
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The allotetraploid hybrid fish (4nAT) that was created in a previous study through an intergeneric cross between red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., ♀) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., ♂) provided an excellent platform to investigate the effect of hybridization and polyploidization on the evolution of 5S rDNA.
8p
vinarcissa
21-03-2023
1
1
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Meiotic recombination, one of the central biological processes studied in population genetics, comes in two known forms: crossovers and gene conversions. A number of previous studies have shown that when one of these two events is nonexistent in the genealogical model, the point estimation of the corresponding recombination rate by population genetic methods tends to be inflated.
8p
vinarcissa
21-03-2023
2
1
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It is well known that the effective size of a population (Ne) is one of the major determinants of the amount of genetic variation within the population. However, it is unclear whether the types of genetic variations are also dictated by the effective population size.
12p
vihagrid
30-01-2023
9
3
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The sharp increase of plant genome and transcriptome data provide valuable resources to investigate evolutionary consequences of gene duplication in a range of taxa, and unravel common principles underlying duplicate gene retention.
23p
vigalileogalilei
27-02-2022
11
1
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Sequence exchange between homologous chromosomes through crossing over and gene conversion is highly conserved among eukaryotes, contributing to genome stability and genetic diversity. A lack of recombination limits breeding efforts in crops; therefore, increasing recombination rates can reduce linkage drag and generate new genetic combinations.
16p
vigalileogalilei
27-02-2022
11
1
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The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the efficacy of natural selection increases with the effective population size. This prediction has been verified by independent observations in diverse taxa, which show that life-history traits are strongly correlated with measures of the efficacy of selection, such as the dN/dS ratio.
13p
vigalileogalilei
27-02-2022
16
1
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The spreadsheet software Microsoft Excel, when used with default settings, is known to convert gene names to dates and floating-point numbers. A programmatic scan of leading genomics journals reveals that approximately one-fifth of papers with supplementary Excel gene lists contain erroneous gene name conversions.
3p
viaristotle
29-01-2022
10
0
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Sex chromosomes have arisen independently in a wide variety of species, yet they share common characteristics, including the presence of suppressed recombination surrounding sex determination loci. Mammalian sex chromosomes contain multiple palindromic repeats across the non-recombining region that show sequence conservation through gene conversion and contain genes that are crucial for sexual reproduction.
19p
viarchimedes
26-01-2022
11
0
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Using chemicals known as inhibitors of chromatin remodeling enzymes is a useful approach in understanding the regulation machinery that contributes to the maintenance of or conversion to a pluri- and totipotent states of the cells in multicellular organisms. They can serve as tools to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for reprogramming. A deeper understanding of reprogramming pathways that drive the cell into a dedifferentiated state might help us enhance plant micropropagation and green biotechnology applications.
9p
tudichquannguyet
29-11-2021
9
1
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Meiotic recombination events include crossovers and non-crossovers or gene conversions. Although the rate of crossovers is often used for genetic mapping, the gene conversion events are not well studied especially in outbred species, which could produce distorted markers and thus affect the precision of genetic maps.
11p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
9
1
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Animals are thought to achieve lignocellulose digestion via symbiotic associations with gut microbes; this view leads to significant focus on bacteria and fungi for lignocellulolytic systems. The presence of biomass conversion systems hardwired into animal genomes has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated.
10p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
12
1
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GC-Biased Gene Conversion (gBGC) is one of the important theories put forward to explain profound long-range non-randomness in nucleotide compositions along mammalian chromosomes. Nucleotide changes due to gBGC are hard to distinguish from regular mutations. Here, we present an algorithm for analysis of millions of known SNPs that detects a subset of so-called “SNP flip-over” events representing recent gBGC nucleotide changes, which occurred in previous generations via non-crossover meiotic recombination.
9p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
3
1
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The common deletion of the glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) gene in humans has been shown to be involved in xenobiotic metabolism and associated with bladder cancer. However, the evolution of this deletion has not been investigated.
12p
vibeauty
23-10-2021
7
1
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Norepinephrine (NE) signaling has a key role in white adipose tissue (WAT) functions, including lipolysis, free fatty acid liberation and, under certain conditions, conversion of white into brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes. However, acute effects of NE stimulation have not been described at the transcriptional network level.
14p
vitzuyu2711
29-09-2021
7
1
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The molecular mechanism controlling regional specific skin appendage phenotypes is a fundamental question that remains unresolved. We recently identified feather and scale primordium associated genes and with functional studies, proposed five major modules are involved in scale-to-feather conversion and their integration is essential to form today’s feathers. Yet, how the molecular networks are wired and integrated at the genomic level is still unknown.
12p
vitzuyu2711
29-09-2021
14
1
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Economically important growth and meat quality traits in pigs are controlled by cascading molecular events occurring during development and continuing throughout the conversion of muscle to meat. However, little is known about the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in this process.
19p
viseulgi2711
31-08-2021
5
1
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