Hidden costs

This study engaged in the measurement and calculation of hidden quality costs in a sound and scientific manner in order to find solutions to the problem and achieve the research objectives. Increase in the sales and profits and market share of the economic unit and satisfaction of the customer are achieved through the effective the management of these costs. A deductive approach was employed in the study and a number of conclusions were made from the analysis of the results.

9p longtimenosee10 26-04-2024 3 1   Download

In Vietnam, the economic losses caused by environmental pollution, especially the traffic air environment, have not been included in the table of economic losses, but considered as a kind of hidden cost.

5p vidoctorstrange 06-05-2023 3 2   Download

This study focuses on the construction of meaningful work within the social entrepreneurship context. In light of the hidden costs of meaningful work, this study challenges the problematic assumption that work in the social sector is inherently meaningful. Drawing on in-depth interview data with 40 social entrepreneurs in Malaysia (MSEs), findings of the study demonstrates that social entrepreneurs sought after meaningfulness at work that aligns with their values, and the experience of meaningful work is realized when a positive change takes place.

6p alucardhellsing 04-05-2022 12 1   Download

Fitness costs imposed on bacteria by antibiotic resistance mechanisms are believed to hamper their dissemination. The scale of these costs is highly variable. Some, including resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the clinically important antibiotic mupirocin, have been reported as being cost-free, which suggests that there are few barriers preventing their global spread.

12p vigalileogalilei 27-02-2022 14 2   Download

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has become the standard method for interrogating plant methylomes at base resolution. However, deep WGBS measurements remain cost prohibitive for large, complex genomes and for population-level studies. As a result, most published plant methylomes are sequenced far below saturation, with a large proportion of cytosines having either missing data or insufficient coverage.

14p vibeauty 23-10-2021 11 1   Download

Biofortification is a probable and cost-effective means of providing micronutrients to populations that may have limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient intercession. Micronutrient deficiency, also known as „hidden hunger‟ is one of the most important provocations facing humanity today. According to world health organization (WHO) report about 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrients deficiency. In India, malnutrition problems like anaemia about more than 52% of women suffer, 44% of children below 5 years are underweight and 38% are stunted.

18p trinhthamhodang9 16-12-2020 19 2   Download

Chapter 18 - Using input market analysis. In this chapter students will be able to: Analyze the effects of minimum wage on the employment of unskilled workers, determine the extent to which employers versus employees bear the burden of the social security program, explore an important hidden cost of Social Security that results from the program's long-run impact on saving and social accumulation,...

35p koxih_kothogmih8 29-09-2020 10 1   Download

Sub clinical mastitis is a hidden form of mastitis, causes a huge economical loss to the farmers. So, present study was done with the aim to find out such management practice to detect and control sub-clinical mastitis in the dairy cattle under field condition that can easily be adopted by the farmers. Eighty cattle having sub clinical mastitis were selected by Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) and divided into two groups i.e., control (N=40) and treatment (N=40). Tri sodium citrate @ 30 mg/kg body wt. was supplemented to the cows orally till 10 days in the treatment group.

7p nguathienthan2 25-12-2019 33 0   Download

Chapter 18 - Using input market analysis. In this chapter students will be able to: Analyze the effects of minimum wage on the employment of unskilled workers, determine the extent to which employers versus employees bear the burden of the social security program, explore an important hidden cost of Social Security that results from the program's long-run impact on saving and social accumulation,...

35p shiwo_ding2 03-04-2019 29 2   Download

In this paper we study spectral learning methods for non-deterministic split headautomata grammars, a powerful hiddenstate formalism for dependency parsing. We present a learning algorithm that, like other spectral methods, is efficient and nonsusceptible to local minima. We show how this algorithm can be formulated as a technique for inducing hidden structure from distributions computed by forwardbackward recursions.

11p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 49 3   Download

The relationship of demand and marginal value exactly parallels the relationship of supply and marginal cost, for a somewhat hidden reason. Supply is just negative demand, that is, a supplier is just the possessor of a good who doesn’t keep it but instead offers it to the market for sale. For example, when the price of housing goes up, one of the ways people demand less is by offering to rent a room in their house, that is, by supplying some of their housing to the market. Similarly, the marginal cost of supplying a good already produced...

152p trinhcaidat 22-04-2013 47 4   Download

Here the issue is that students will respond differently to a silent film depending on a variety of factors, such as the quality of the print selected. Instructors make numerous choices concerning the way in which the class is conducted and mate- rials are integrated. Many of these choices, such as which print of a film to use, may seem relatively simple, but they can often have larger, unforeseen implica- tions. One illustration of this involves Edward T. Hall’s notion of proxemics—the relationship of social space to culture.

17p khanhchilam 01-04-2013 42 7   Download

Thus, the return gap captures the funds’ unobserved actions, which include hidden benefits and hidden costs.An important hidden benefit results from a fund’s interim trades, as discussed in Ferson and Khang (2002). Even though we can observe fund holdings only at specific points in time, funds may trade actively between these disclosure dates. If these interim trades create value, then the fund return RF will increase, while the return of the disclosed holdings RH will remain unaffected.

192p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 62 10   Download

One issue with using portfolio holdings to evaluate fund performance is that the disclosed data reveal information about the major equity positions at particular dates but do not indicate the exact purchase and sale dates. As a result, the exact holding period of securities is unknown. Furthermore, some funds may window-dress their portfolios to hide their actual investment strategy from their investors or from competing funds, as shown byMeier and Schaumburg (2004).

208p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 53 11   Download

At the same time, we document a substantial cross-sectional variation in the return gap, indicating that hidden costs are more important for some funds, while hidden benefits are more pronounced for others.We also find strong persistence in the return gap for up to 5 years into the future, which suggests that the return gap is driven by systematic factors. Moreover, we find persistence in the return gap not only for the worst performers but also for the best performers. Ourmain result shows that the past return gap helps to predict fund per- formance.

0p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 49 7   Download

Analyzing monthly return data on more than 2500 unique U.S. equity funds over the period 1984–2003, we show that the average return gap is close to zero. In particular, the equally weighted return gap for all mutual funds in our sample equals 1.1 basis points per month, while the value- weighted return gap equals −1.0 basis points per month. These results indicate that the magnitude of unobserved actions is relatively small in the aggregate. Thus, fund managers’ trades in the aggregate create sufficient value to offset trading costs and other hidden costs of fund management.

0p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 70 9   Download

Intellectual property (IP) rights are a source of hidden wealth worth trillions of dollars, and they impose hidden costs on the same scale. The rules of intellectual property range from confusing to nearly incomprehen- sible, and the professional practitioners who manage these rights sometimes seem to belong to a secret society. … The IP system also determines when and how an innovation becomes available for others to use by defin- ing boundaries around what is accessible and what is not.

289p lyly_5 23-03-2013 65 9   Download

Adding oxygenates to gasoline has the effect of making the engine run leaner: since some oxygen is already present in the fuel molecules, the total amount of oxygen (from the air and from the oxygenates) relative to carbon and hydrogen in the fuel is greater. Running the engine leaner reduces the emissions of CO substantially; it also reduces the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons to some extent. Since the largest source of CO emissions is the automobile exhaust, use of oxygenated fuels substantially reduces the emissions of this pollutant.

8p tainhacmienphi 19-02-2013 43 3   Download

Another important aspect of TCP/IP internetworking is the creation of a standardized abstraction of the communication mechanisms provided by each type of network. Each physical network has its own technology-dependent communication interface, in the form of a programming interface that provides basic communication functions (primitives). TCP/IP provides communication services that run between the programming interface of a physical network and user applications. It enables a common interface for these applications, independent of the underlying physical network.

108p bin_pham 05-02-2013 24 1   Download

What is the “individual mandate”? The minimum coverage provision is sometimes referred to as the “individual mandate.” Increasing the number of Americans with coverage will help cut down on the “hidden tax” people with insurance pay to support the cost of caring for those who don’t have insurance. People with very low income or with premiums that are unaffordable will be exempt from paying a modest penalty for failing to have health benefits coverage; so will other groups, such as people who have only short gaps in health benefits coverage.

10p mebachano 01-02-2013 45 4   Download