Highly expensive process

Photo-sensitizers, usually organic dye molecules, are considered to be one of the most expensive components in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The present work demonstrates a cost effective and high throughput upcycling process on jackfruit rags to extract a natural photo-active dye and its application as a photo-sensitizing candidate on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in DSSCs.

8p viberbers 09-08-2023 7 5   Download

The interactions between non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) and proteins play an essential role in many biological processes. Several high-throughput experimental methods have been applied to detect ncRNA-protein interactions. However, these methods are time-consuming and expensive.

10p vicolorado2711 22-10-2020 12 0   Download

Planning strategies for sustainable land management require solid base line data on natural resources (soils, physiography, climate, vegetation, land use, etc.) and on socio-economic aspects. Extensive and reliable information on soil and land resources are prerequisites for efficient and effective management planning of these vital natural resources. Generation of large-scale spatial database on soil and land resources by conventional method is a time consuming and highly expensive process.

13p kethamoi7 26-08-2020 34 2   Download

There are aspects of New Product Development (NPD) business processes that pose particularly difficult challenges to Organizational Learning systems. Short product and process life cycles compress the available time window for recouping the expenses associated with product development. Cross-functional collaboration in product development organizations requires the merging of knowledge from diverse disciplinary and personal skills-based perspectives.

14p quenchua1 04-11-2019 20 1   Download

Central processing unit (CPU) “Administrative” section Supervises and coordinates other sections of computer Secondary storage unit Long-term, high-capacity “warehouse” section Storage Inactive programs or data Secondary storage devices. Disks Longer to access than primary memory Less expensive per unit than primary memory

61p sakuraphuong 04-06-2013 57 7   Download

Situation Semantics is one of the most recent and controversial theories in formal semantics. Machine Translation (MT) is a highly complex application domain, in which research is expensive of both time and resources. On the surface, the space for interaction between these two fields would seem fairly limited, and in practice the the application of formal semantics in MT has been very limited, a notable exception being the Rosetta project (Landsbergen 1982, 1987).

11p buncha_1 08-05-2013 33 2   Download

Large scale annotated corpora are prerequisite to developing high-performance semantic role labeling systems. Unfortunately, such corpora are expensive to produce, limited in size, and may not be representative. Our work aims to reduce the annotation effort involved in creating resources for semantic role labeling via semi-supervised learning. Our algorithm augments a small number of manually labeled instances with unlabeled examples whose roles are inferred automatically via annotation projection. We formulate the projection task as a generalization of the linear assignment problem....

9p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 40 1   Download

Natural Language Processing applications often require large amounts of annotated training data, which are expensive to obtain. In this paper we investigate the applicability of Co-training to train classifiers that predict emotions in spoken dialogues. In order to do so, we have first applied the wrapper approach with Forward Selection and Naïve Bayes, to reduce the dimensionality of our feature set. Our results show that Co-training can be highly effective when a good set of features are chosen. ...

4p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 47 2   Download

For example, you may have eight phases in your budget. When you have completed phase 2, should your variable expenses and labor equal 25 percent of the total? Not necessarily. The best way to break down the total project budget is on the basis of percentage-of-completion work. As long as labor represents the lion’s share of your expense, the completion phase may be defined by total hours in each phase. The labor-tied method also dictates percentage-of-completion for other expenses, even when expenses do not always follow the same pattern as labor.

155p tainhacmienphi 25-02-2013 43 5   Download

Intangible assets include goodwill arising from acquisitions made after January 1, 1992. Goodwill is amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated economic life, not to exceed forty years. Certain acquired intangible assets other than goodwill (‘in-process R&D') are expensed in the period of acquisition. Patents and trademarks acquired from third parties are capitalized and amortized over their remaining lifetime.

228p bin_pham 06-02-2013 37 6   Download

Up to present, in Vietnam, the traditional methods used to map marine bathymetry are still very popular. These techniques have advantages of giving a high accuracy but still show big disadvantages of taking too much time for the data acquisition and processing and of being very expensive for the field works. Compensated to these cons the remote sensing technique seems to be an ideal solution since the images covers almost places on the earth with very high frequency (hours) of acquisition and served with a reasonable price even some of them can be downloaded from the internet for...

9p dem_thanh 22-12-2012 44 4   Download

The SEC sued a number of individuals who used mailing lists to target seniors for investments in "guaranteed" and fully-collateralized promissory notes. The individuals distributed literature stating that the lengthy, complicated, and expensive Texas probate process could be overcome by employing their company’s planning services. Investors were urged to liquidate their legitimate, safe investments; to withdraw funds from their IRAs; and to invest in high-risk investments. Investors were told their investments would be used to fund business ventures, none of which existed.

5p quaivattim 04-12-2012 37 2   Download

Many of the early compliance models assumed that audits were expensive but that penalties could be imposed at low cost to the enforcing agency once an error had been detected. It is not surprising that those models typically showed that, subject to a fixed-budget constraint, the combination of high penalties and low audit rates was socially optimal (McCubbin, 2004). Those results are sensitive to several underlying assumptions. First, feelings about risk vary from one group to another; younger people, for example, could be less risk-averse than older people are.

37p quaivatxanh 01-12-2012 57 7   Download

Before 1999, PBgC did not make lump-sum payments to insolvent multiemployer plans or those expected to become insolvent in the future. it now does so in select cases to close out a plan or to facilitate a merger with another, financially stronger multiemployer plan. in a closeout, the plan either purchases annuities from the private insurance market to satisfy its obligations or pays participants lump sums in lieu of annuities.

39p quaivatxanh 30-11-2012 52 7   Download

decreasing their value added. Successful, cost-effective investment into energy efficiency technologies and practices meets the challenge of maintaining the output of a high quality product while reducing production costs. This is especially important, as energy efficient technologies often include “additional” benefits, such as increasing the productivity of the company. Energy use is also a major source of emissions in the refinery industry, making energy efficiency improvement an attractive opportunity to reduce emissions and operating costs.

108p lulanphuong 22-03-2012 62 8   Download

Development of the Personal Handyphone System in Japan At the end of the 1980s, two cordless telephone systems, CT2 and DECT, had entered the second step of their development process. At that time, Japan had not yet developed any comparable technology; therefore work began in 1989 on a Japanese cordless standard, which has become known as the Personal Handyphone System (PHS). Disadvantages of conventional cellular telephone systems, such as high costs of infrastructure and cell-planning resulting in high communication fees, had motivated the development of a less expensive system. ...

26p huggoo 20-08-2010 59 3   Download

Most high resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods rely on subspace or eigenbased information which can be obtained fromthe eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of an estimated correlation matrix, or from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the corresponding data matrix. However, the expense of directly computing these decompositions is usually prohibitive for real-time processing. Also, because theDOAangles are typically time-varying, repeatedcomputation is necessarytotracktheangles.

17p longmontran 18-01-2010 74 5   Download