Histone modifications

Early life exposure to adverse environments affects cardiovascular and metabolic systems in the offspring. These programmed effects are transmissible to a second generation through both male and female lines, suggesting germline transmission. We have previously shown that prenatal overexposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) in rats reduces birth weight in the first generation (F1), a phenotype which is transmitted to a second generation (F2), particularly through the male line.

15p vimichaelfaraday 25-03-2022 16 2   Download

Animals can show very different behaviors even in isogenic populations, but the underlying mechanisms to generate this variability remain elusive. We use the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to test the influence of histone modifications on behavior.

21p vimichaelfaraday 25-03-2022 13 1   Download

Histones are modified post-translationally, e.g. by methylation of lysine and arginine residues, and by phosphorylation of serine residues. These modifications regulate processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and mitosis and meiosis. Recently, evidence has been provided that histones are also modified by covalent binding of the vitamin biotin.

11p fptmusic 11-04-2013 40 2   Download

DNA repair must take place within the context of chromatin, and it is therefore not surprising that many aspects of both chromatin components and proteins that modify chromatin have been implicated in this process. One of the best-characterized chromatin modification events in DNA-dam-age responses is the phosphorylation of the SQ motif found in histone H2A or the H2AX histone variant in higher eukaryotes. This modification is an early response to the induction of DNA damage, and occurs in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, suggesting an important conserved func-tion....

10p fptmusic 11-04-2013 22 1   Download

Folding of DNA into chromatin is mediated by binding to histones such as H4; association of DNA with histones is regulated by covalent histone modifications,e.g. acetylation, methylation,andbiotinylation.We sought to identifyamino-acid residues that are biotinylated in histone H4,and to determine whether acetylation and methylation of histones affect biotinylation. Synthetic peptides spanning fragments of human histone H4 were biotinylated enzymatically using biotinidase. Peptide-bound biotin was probed with strept-avidin–peroxidase....

7p dell39 03-04-2013 37 4   Download

Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is densely packaged in the nucleus and organized into discrete domains of active and inactive chromatin. Gene loci that are activated during the process of cell differentiation undergo changes that result in modifications of specific histone tail residues and in loosening of chromatin structure. Theb-globin genes are expressed exclusively in eryth-roid cells.

10p dell39 27-03-2013 48 6   Download

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an enzyme that removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated Lys4 of histone H3, a post-transla-tional modification associated with gene activation. Human LSD1 was the first histone demethylase to be discovered and this enzymatic activity is conserved among eukaryotes.

9p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 31 2   Download

The fourth lysine of histone H3 is post-translationally modified by a methyl group via the action of histone methyltransferase, and such a covalent modification is associated with transcriptionally active and⁄or repressed chromatin states. Thus, histone H3 lysine 4 methylation has a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular functions.

17p mobifone23 21-01-2013 37 3   Download

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, control eukaryotic development beyond DNA-stored information. Intrigu-ingly, there is an under-representation of repressive marks in quies-cent (resting) cells, stem cells and regenerating cells, but a selective accumulation of aberrant histone lysine methylation profiles in aging, ‘‘stressed’’ and tumor cells, particularly for the H3K9, H3K27 and H4K20 methyl marks.

65p cosis54 05-01-2013 51 4   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Mass spectrometry analysis of the variants of histone H3 and H4 of soybean and their post-translational modifications

15p panasonic06 25-12-2011 35 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Active DNA demethylation in human postmitotic cells correlates with activating histone modifications, but not transcription levels...

0p thulanh22 20-11-2011 31 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Profiling RE1/REST-mediated histone modifications in the human genome...

0p thulanh21 12-11-2011 46 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Asymmetric histone modifications between the original and derived loci of human segmental duplications...

0p thulanh20 12-11-2011 42 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Histone modifications: from genome-wide maps to functional insights...

6p thulanh19 09-11-2011 34 4   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Post-translational modifications of histones H3 and H4 associated with the histone methyltransferases Suv39h1 and G9a...

10p coxanh_8 05-11-2011 42 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: GC- and AT-rich chromatin domains differ in conformation and histone modification status and are differentially modulated by Rpd3p...

14p thulanh19 05-11-2011 42 2   Download

Transcriptional activation can be divided into three main mechanisms: 1. Events that alter chromatin structure can enhance the access of transcription factors to DNA. For example, histone acetylation generally opens chromatin structure and is correlated with transcriptional activation. 2. Posttranslational modifications of transcription factors, such as phosphorylation, can induce the assembly of active transcription complexes.

5p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 68 3   Download