Hospital acquired infections

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. It can acquire resistance to all the antibiotics that entered the clinics to date, and the World Health Organization defined it as a high-priority pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics.

19p vibransone 28-03-2024 5 2   Download

Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, particularly in the immunocompromised. Here, we use whole genome sequencing of E. faecium to study within-host evolution and the transition from gut carriage to invasive disease.

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Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans but also a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections. Resistance against glycopeptides and to vancomycin has motivated the inclusion of E. faecium in the WHO global priority list.

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Antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections, including sepsis, liver abscess, and pneumonia, driven mainly by the emergence of successful high-risk clonal lineages.

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Klebsiella spp. are opportunistic pathogens which can cause severe infections, are often multi-drug resistant and are a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. Multiple new Klebsiella species have recently been described, yet their clinical impact and antibiotic resistance profiles are largely unknown.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is frequently associated with hospital- and community-acquired infections, contains multidrug-resistant (MDR), hypervirulent (hv), non-MDR/non-hv as well as convergent representatives.

17p vicwell 29-02-2024 2 1   Download

Part 2 book "BSAVA manual of canine and feline surgical principles - A foundation manual" includes content: The immune and inflammatory response to anaesthesia and surgery, postoperative management; principles and practice of analgesia; principles of nutritional support, aseptic technique, healing of elective surgical wounds, surgical wound infection and antimicrobial prophylaxis; hospital-acquired infection; haemostasis and blood component therapy; principles of operative technique; suture patterns and surgical knots.

164p muasambanhan01 13-12-2023 5 3   Download

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threat to global health due to its resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and many other antibiotic classes developed via both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. In this study, molecular characteristics related to antibiotic resistance of MRSA strain BM85 were investigated by whole-genome sequencing of a sample isolated from a patient with bloodstream infection at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam.

10p vimulcahy 18-09-2023 3 3   Download

Part 2 book "Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases" includes content: Infections related to trauma, infections of the fetus and newborn, infections and transplantation, infections and cancer, infections associated with hospitalization and medical devices, infections in patients with deficient defenses, human immunodeficiency virus and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

879p oursky04 05-09-2023 3 0   Download

Faced with national requirements to promote antimicrobial stewardship and reduce drug-resistant infections, community hospitals are challenged to make the best use of existing resources. Eighteen months after building antibiotic decision support into our electronic order platform, high-risk antibiotic use decreased by 83% (P < .001) at our community hospital. Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infections declined 24% (P ¼ .07).

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The incidence of hypervirulent epidemic Clostridium difficile has increased around the world and now in Australia. Assays that are capable of rapidly identifying these strains would enable earlier diagnosis and timely infection control response. The aims of the first part of the study were to validate and develop a molecular technique for the rapid diagnosis of toxigenic C.

134p runthenight07 01-03-2023 6 2   Download

Hospital acquired infections worsen the outcome of patients treated in intensive care units and are costly. Coatings with silver or metal alloys may reduce or alter the formation of biofilm on invasive medical devices.

10p viisaacnewton 25-04-2022 13 1   Download

Endotracheal tube (ETT) designs to decrease the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) include supraglottic suctioning, and/or modifications of the cuff shape. The TaperGuard™ ETT has a tapered, polyvinylchloride cuff designed to reduce microaspiration around channels that form with a standard barrel-shaped cuff.

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To compare patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery for communityacquired intra-abdominal infection (CA-IAI) and hospital-acquired intra-abdominal infection (HA-IAI) in terms of mortality, severity and complications.

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Furthermore, infections with multi-drug resistant pathogens whether in hospitals or in the community increase morbidity, decrease treatment success, reduce hospital turn-over rate and increase cost of patient care (Alebachew et al., 2012).

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The impact of HIV infection on the evolution of acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the clinical presentation and in-hospital outcomes of patients with CAP with and without HIV infection in a specialised service in Yaounde.

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In 2017, Australia experienced its highest levels of influenza virus activity since the 2009 pandemic. This allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of patients with community and hospital-acquired influenza, and infection control factors that contributed to influenza spread.

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Lower respiratory tract infection (LRIs) is very common both in terms of community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are the most important specimens obtained from patients with LRI. The choice of antibiotic with which to treat LRI usually depends on the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacteria isolated from sputum and BALF.

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Cryptococcus is one of the major fungal pathogens infecting the lungs. Pulmonary cryptococcal infec‑ tion is generally considered a community-acquired condition caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with fungal cells from the environment. Here, we report a case developing pulmonary cryptococcosis 3 months after hospital admission, which has rarely been reported before.

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In this study, we evaluated the lipocalin-2 (LIP2) and syndecan-4 (SYN4) levels in children who were hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP in order to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The results regarding the LIP2 and SYN4 diagnostic outcomes were compared with the white blood cell (WBC) count and C reactive protein (CRP) levels.

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