Host restriction

Low-energy diets (LEDs) comprise commercially formulated food products that provide between 800 and 1200 kcal/day (3.3–5 MJ/day) to aid body weight loss. Recent small-scale studies suggest that LEDs are associated with marked changes in the gut microbiota that may modify the effect of the LED on host metabolism and weight loss.

18p viellison 28-03-2024 3 2   Download

Iron is a crucial element for bacterial survival and virulence. During Salmonella infection, the host utilizes a variety of mechanisms to starve the pathogen from iron. However, Salmonella activates distinctive defense mechanisms to acquire iron and survive in iron-restricted host environments.

14p vihagrid 30-01-2023 7 3   Download

Obesity is an important equine welfare issue. Whilst dietary restriction is the most effective weight-loss tool, individual animals range in their weight-loss propensity. Gastrointestinal-derived bacteria play a fundamental role in host-health and have been associated with obesity and weight-loss in other species.

18p vigalileogalilei 28-02-2022 9 1   Download

In free-ranging reptile populations, bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens may affect hosts through impairment in movements, thermoregulation, reproduction, survival, and population dynamics. The speckled dwarf tortoise (Chersobius [Homopus] signatus) is a threatened species that is mostly restricted to the Succulent Karoo biome in South Africa, and little information on pathogens of this species is available yet.

11p vidarwin 23-02-2022 10 1   Download

One of the most unusual sources of phylogenetically restricted genes is the molecular domestication of transposable elements into a host genome as functional genes. Although these kinds of events are sometimes at the core of key macroevolutionary changes, their origin and organismal function are generally poorly understood.

27p viarchimedes 26-01-2022 10 0   Download

Citrus worldwide is threatened by huanglongbing (HLB) and tristeza diseases caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CaLas) and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Although the pathogens are members of the α-proteobacteria and Closteroviridae, respectively, both are restricted to phloem cells in infected citrus and are transmitted by insect vectors. The response of sweet orange to single infection by either of these two pathogens has been characterized previously by global gene expression analysis.

17p vilarryellison 29-10-2021 6 0   Download

Restriction-modification (R-M) systems protect bacteria and archaea from attacks by bacteriophages and archaeal viruses. An R-M system specifically recognizes short sites in foreign DNA and cleaves it, while such sites in the host DNA are protected by methylation.

11p viseulgi2711 31-08-2021 12 1   Download

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri pathotypes cause bacterial citrus canker, being responsible for severe agricultural losses worldwide. The A pathotype has a broad host spectrum, while A* and Aw are more restricted both in hosts and in geography.

23p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 9 2   Download

The phytopathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was thought to be restricted to the Americas where it infects and kills numerous hosts. Its detection worldwide has been blooming since 2013 in Europe and Asia. Genetically diverse, this species is divided into six subspecies but genetic traits governing this classification are poorly understood.

21p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 3 1   Download

Salmonella enterica consists of over 2500 serovars and displays dichotomy in disease manifestations and host range. Except for the enrichment of pseudogenes in genomes for human-restricted serovars, no hallmark has been identified to distinguish those with host-generalist serovars.

10p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 10 1   Download

Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp.) is one of the World’s important leguminous food crop and is commonly affected by viral disease transmitted by aphid vector in nonpersistent manner. Present study was attempted on aphid transmissible virus infecting cowpea, during 2015-16. Symptoms on experimental field and mechanical transmission were characterized by mosaic, veinal necrosis, vein clearing, vein banding, blistering, stunting, leaf deformations, chlorosis and cupping of leaves. Further, Aphid transmissible virus of cowpea has restricted host range and infected only four plant species viz.

6p nguaconbaynhay5 11-05-2020 10 0   Download

During various Capripox outbreaks in Jammu region, either sheep or goats were found to be affected separately by the disease showing the characteristic cutaneous lesions. Even when both sheep and goats were reared together, the disease was restricted to either host only. Clinical scab samples obtained from both sheep and goats were designated as putative Sheep poxvirus (SPPV) and Goatpoxvirus (GTPV). The isolates were processed and inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) to study the growth characteristics of the isolates.

6p caygaocaolon3 27-02-2020 14 0   Download

The study was undertaken to evaluate the protein levels in rabbits affected by a lysate vaccine developed from Pasteurella multocida grown under iron-restricted conditions and lysed by a bacteriophage. Serum proteins include immunoglobulins and complement which mediate humoral immune response and an assessment of protein levels can be of clinical relevance being an indicator of humoral immune response. Two groups of rabbits were immunized with lysate vaccine (LV) and conventional alum precipitated killed HS vaccine (CV) and blood was collected at various days post – immunization (DPI).

5p chauchaungayxua3 07-02-2020 15 1   Download

MYB-6 gene modulates the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in plants in response to cold stress. In the present study, the full length version of this gene was identified and characterized from black carrot (Daucus carota L.) through PCR amplification using specific primers. The size of amplified MYB-6 gene was found to be 903bp which was confirmed through sequencing. Post double digestion of both vector (pEGFP-C1) and Insert (MYB-6 gene), the ligated product was subjected to transformation using bacterial host (E.coli DH5ɑ).

12p quenchua2 18-12-2019 23 0   Download

The Lower Cretaceous sequences of the Ravanj anticline in Iran host the Ravanj Pb–Ba–Ag mineralization. Economic orebodies are restricted to the thrust zone within the brecciated massive limestone and immediately above the Jurassic shale and/or shale–limestone intercalations of the Lower Cretaceous.

22p viminotaur2711 30-10-2019 15 2   Download

Despite occupying only three percent of the earth’s surface, the ASEAN region hosts 20 percent of all known species that live deep in the region’s mountains, jungles, rivers, lakes and seas. The region includes three mega-diverse states (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines); several bio-geographical units (e.g., Malesia, Wallacea, Sundaland, Indo-Burma and the Central Indo-Pacific); and numerous centers of concentration of restricted-range bird, plant and insect species.

80p ranchoctdt7 16-07-2013 66 4   Download

Limit network traffic to increase network performance. For example, if corporate policy does not allow video traffic on the network, ACLs that block video traffic could be configured and applied. This would greatly reduce the network load and increase network performance. 2. Provide traffic flow control. ACLs can restrict the delivery of routing updates. If updates are not required because of network conditions, bandwidth is preserved. 3. Provide a basic level of security for network access.

67p mrdvad11 12-03-2013 139 53   Download

Keeping these trade-offs in mind, we employ the method employed by Ciccarelli and Mojon (2010) to construct a measure of global inflation. We extract the first principal component of the quarter-on-quarter growth rate in seasonally adjusted real GDP across a sample of 46 economies. 2 This methodology requires a balanced panel, which restricts the sample to the period from the first quarter of 1998 to the last quarter for which data are available for all economies, the third quarter of 2010.

21p doipassword 01-02-2013 55 2   Download

In an effort to modernize Medicare insurance, the Federal government has allowed private insurers who meet strict requirements to sell private insurance to the elderly, as a substitute for 'traditional' Medicare insurance. There are many forms of private insurance now being sold to the elderly, including some managed care plan types. Managed care plans restrict the choice of physicians and hospitals to include a set selected by the insurance plan, over whom the plan has more control in terms of utilization and expenditures.

7p thankinhphanliet 01-01-2013 60 4   Download

Anti-choice activists already succeeded in changing the legal standards for assessing restrictions on a woman’s right to choose; in Casey (1992), the court abandoned the most exacting standard of legal review applied to fundamental rights, “strict scrutiny,” and instead implemented the less protective standard of asking merely whether a restriction imposes an “undue burden” on a woman’s right to choose. 33 A second avenue of attack on Roe is to restrict or eliminate altogether its protections for women’s health.

24p connicquy 20-12-2012 47 6   Download