Human gastrointestinal tumors

The human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) genotype has been linked with differential immune responses to infectious disease and cancer. However, the clinical relevance of germline HLA-mediated immunity in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains elusive.

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Ebook "The biology of gastric cancers" represents the very first volume devoted to the subject of the basic biology of gastric cancer. Although there were major achievements 30–40 years ago in the description of the histopathology of stomach tumors and the preneoplastic conditions that preceded these lesions, it was of course the pioneering (and Nobel prize– winning) studies involving the discovery of Helicobacter pylori by Marshall and Warren that set the stage for the more recent insights on the role of chronic inflammation and cancer.

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Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor highly related to human herpesvirus-8 and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus. Kaposi sarcoma usually manifests as skin or mucosal lesions; involvement in visceral organs such as the gastrointestinal tract is rare.

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Gastrointestinal tumors are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. As shown in our previous study, miR-1290 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes tumor progression. We therefore aimed to explore the potential of circulating miR-1290 as a biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer.

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SMAD4 is a gastrointestinal malignancy-specific tumor suppressor gene found mutated in one third of colorectal cancer specimens and half of pancreatic tumors. SMAD4 inactivation by allelic deletion or intragenic mutation mainly occurs in the late stage of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

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The goal of this study was to identify the optimal marker or marker combinations for detection of gastrointestinal malignancies using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) reaction. To detect the presence of tumors, we analyzed mucin 1 (MUC1), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in the peripheral blood of 31 patients with gastrointestinal cancer and 30 healthy individuals.

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Health disparities in the United States correlating with race, ethnicity, language, economic status and other demographic factors have been documented by numerous researchers. According to the CDC, populations experiencing health disparities are growing as U.S. demographics change. The future of American health depends on understanding, addressing, reducing, and eliminating these disparities.

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The historical background of probiotics can be traced back to when the first definition of probiotic bacteria was given by Russian scientist Elie Metchnikoff who stated that probiotics are considered to exert a beneficial effect on the host. This was confirmed later on by an official statement by FAO/WHO. In their reviews, two group of investigators Matur et al. and Boaventura et al., presented the impact of probiotics on the physiology of the GIT and the underlying mechanism of action of this microflora and the benefits derived with the use of probiotics in human and animal nutrition.

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