Including chemotherapy

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), locoregional therapy (LRT) included transarterial chemotherapy embolization - TACE is performed as a bridging or downstaging treatment, improved overall survival, or a curative treatment.

7p viling 11-10-2024 0 0   Download

The metronomic concept emerged more than 20 year sago, however, a significant development in various solidtumors was noticed in the past 10 years. There are potentially several mechanisms of action against tumor cells including inhibition of angiogenesis. This study aims to assess the efficacy and the safety of ametronomic schedule of oral Vinorelbine (Navelbine) in treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

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To determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical characteristics and evaluate the result in treatment of hepatoblastoma (HB) at Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospital 2 from January 2011 to end of May 2019.

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Brain metastasis is common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and it is associated with poorer prognosis. Several options to control the secondary brain tumors in the context include chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation, stereotactic surgery, surgery. However, chemotherapy is ineffective to those patients because of poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier. Whole-brain radiation therapy used to be a standard option for brain metastases.

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No standard radiotherapy regimens have been established for the treatment of de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) with bone-only metastasis. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy (PCT) plus locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) with or without local radiotherapy (RT) for metastatic bone lesions in mNPC.

9p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 12 0   Download

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks by terminating signals produced by active Gα subunits. RGS17, a member of the RZ subfamily of RGS proteins, is typically only expressed in appreciable amounts in the human central nervous system, but previous works have shown that RGS17 expression is selectively upregulated in a number of malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Radiation Oncology cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: " Clinical-dosimetric analysis of measures of dysphagia including gastrostomy-tube dependence among head and neck cancer patients treated definitively by intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy...

10p toshiba10 15-10-2011 49 2   Download

Malaria, caused by four species of Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most dangerous, remains the world's most devastating human parasitic infection. This chapter deals with the properties and uses of important drugs used to treat and prevent this infection. Highly effective agents that act against asexual erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites responsible for clinical attacks include chloroquine, quinine, quinidine, mefloquine, atovaquone, and the artemisinin compounds.

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Principles of Antibacterial Chemotherapy The choice of an antibacterial compound for a particular patient and a specific infection involves more than just a knowledge of the agent's pharmacokinetic profile and in vitro activity.

9p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 82 5   Download

Other Gram-Negative Bacteria Achromobacter xylosoxidans A. xylosoxidans (previously Alcaligenes xylosoxidans) is probably part of the endogenous intestinal flora and has been isolated from water sources. Immunocompromised hosts, including patients with cancer and post- chemotherapy neutropenia, cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure, are at increased risk. Nosocomial outbreaks of A. xylosoxidans infection have been attributed to contaminated fluids, and clinical illness has been associated with isolates from many sites, including blood (often in the setting of intravascular devices).

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Invasive Disease The treatment of a tumor that has invaded muscle can be separated into control of the primary tumor and, depending on the pathologic findings at surgery, systemic chemotherapy. Radical cystectomy is the standard, although in selected cases a bladder-sparing approach is used; this approach includes complete endoscopic resection; partial cystectomy; or a combination of resection, systemic chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy. In some countries, external beam radiation therapy is considered standard.

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Chemotherapy Unlike many other epithelial malignancies, breast cancer responds to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylating agents, taxanes, and antimetabolites. Multiple combinations of these agents have been found to improve response rates somewhat, but they have had little effect on duration of response or survival. The choice among multidrug combinations frequently depends on whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered and, if so, what type.

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One approach—so-called neoadjuvant chemotherapy—involves the administration of adjuvant therapy before definitive surgery and radiation therapy. Because the objective response rates of patients with breast cancer to systemic therapy in this setting exceed 75%, many patients will be "downstaged" and may become candidates for breast-conserving therapy. However, overall survival has not been improved using this approach.

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Chemoprevention β-Carotene and cis-retinoic acid can lead to the regression of leukoplakia. However, cis-retinoic acid does not reduce the incidence of second primaries Treatment Complications Complications from treatment of head and neck cancer are usually correlated to the extent of surgery and exposure of normal tissue structures to radiation. Currently, the extent of surgery has been limited or completely replaced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy as the primary approach. Acute complications of radiation include mucositis and dysphagia.

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Mucositis Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes particularly afflicting the oral and anal mucosa, but potentially involving the gastrointestinal tract, may accompany cytotoxic chemotherapy. Mucositis is due to damage to the proliferating cells at the base of the mucosal squamous epithelia or in the intestinal crypts. Topical therapies, including anesthetics and barrier-creating preparations, may provide symptomatic relief in mild cases.

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Principles of Chemotherapy Medical oncology is the subspecialty of internal medicine that cares for and designs treatment approaches to patients with cancer, in conjunction with surgical and radiation oncologists. The core skills of the medical oncologist include the use of drugs that may have a beneficial effect on the natural history of the patient's illness or favorably influence the patient's quality of life. In general, the curability of a tumor is inversely related to tumor volume and directly related to drug dose.

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Figure 80-1 Induction of p53 by the DNA damage and oncogene checkpoints. In response to noxious stimuli, p53 and mdm2 are phosphorylated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and related ATR serine/threonine kinases, as well as the immediated downstream checkpoint kinases, Chk1 and Chk2. This causes dissociation of p53 from mdm2, leading to increased p53 protein levels and transcription of genes leading to cell cycle arrest (p21Cip1/Waf1) or apoptosis (e.g., the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Noxa and Puma).

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