Intercostal space

Thoracic paravertebral blockade is an accepted anesthetic and analgesic technique for breast surgery. However, real-time ultrasound visualization of landmarks in the paravertebral space remains challenging. We aimed to compare ultrasound-image quality, performance times, and clinical outcomes between the traditional parasagittal ultrasound-guided paravertebral block and a modified approach, the ultrasound-guided proximal intercostal block.

9p vizhangzhidong 29-12-2021 10 0   Download

The ultrasound-guided proximal intercostal block (PICB) is performed at the proximal intercostal space (ICS) between the internal intercostal membrane (IIM) and the endothoracic fascia/parietal pleura (EFPP) complex. Injectate spread may follow several routes and allow for multilevel trunk analgesia.

10p vizhangzhidong 29-12-2021 6 0   Download

Infectious diseases of the airways are a major health care problem world wide. New treatment strategies focus on employing the body's immune system to enhance its protective capacities during airway disease.

10p vimontana2711 05-04-2021 14 2   Download

Seven non-descript cats presented with signs of pyothorax were included for the study. Affected cats showed respiratory distress, oral breathing, extended head/neck, abducted elbow, dyspnoea and fever. Muffled heart sounds were appreciated on auscultation. Thoracocentesis was done at 7th intercostal space. Haematology revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Radiography and echocardiography confirmed the pyothorax. Staphylococcus sp and/or Streptococcus sp were isolated from pleural fluid. All the affected cats were treated with amoxicillin+cloxacillin and furosemide.

6p quenchua2 16-12-2019 10 1   Download