Internal auditory canal

part 2 book “manual of otologic surgery” has contents: alternative approaches to the cochlea, unroofing the epitympanum, canal wall down (radical cavity), skeletonizing the facial nerve, labyrinthectomy, endolymphatic sac dissection, internal auditory canal, middle fossa approach (anterior transpetrosal/subtemporal approach).

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This book, like its conventional counterpart Normal Findings in Radiography, deals with the apparently banal subject of the normal. It addresses the question of how to recognize what is normal and how to describe normal findings. These questions are as important in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as in other modalities. Even “sectional imaging” is based on the classical approach of reading images and formulating findingPetrous pyramids

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Disorders of the Sense of Hearing Hearing loss can result from disorders of the auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear, or central auditory pathways (Fig. 30-4). In general, lesions in the auricle, external auditory canal, or middle ear cause conductive hearing losses, whereas lesions in the inner ear or eighth nerve cause sensorineural hearing losses. Figure 30-4 An algorithm for the approach to hearing loss.

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Recurrent unilateral labyrinthine dysfunction, in association with signs and symptoms of cochlear disease (progressive hearing loss and tinnitus), is usually due to Ménière's disease (Chap. 30). When auditory manifestations are absent, the term vestibular neuronitis denotes recurrent monosymptomatic vertigo. Transient ischemic attacks of the posterior cerebral circulation (vertebrobasilar insufficiency) only infrequently cause recurrent vertigo without concomitant motor, sensory, visual, cranial nerve, or cerebellar signs (Chap. 364).

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