Intracellular bacteria

This volume describes the mechanisms which bacteria have created to secure their survival, proliferation and dissemination by subverting the actin cytoskeleton of host cells. Bacteria have developed a veritable arsenal of toxins, effector proteins and virulence factors that allow them to modify the properties of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton for their own purposes.

249p vimeyers 29-05-2024 3 2   Download

The enrichment of Gram-negative bacteria of oral origin in the esophageal microbiome has been associated with the development of metaplasia. However, to date, no study has comprehensively assessed the relationships between the esophageal microbiome and the host.

21p vibransone 28-03-2024 2 2   Download

Ebook "Electrophysiology of unconventional channels and pores (Springer series in biophysics, Volume 18)" is dedicated to the channels and pores that belong to an eclectic and ubiquitous class of unconventional - perhaps at times strange - pore-forming molecules, which nevertheless play fundamental roles in various organisms. These non-canonical channels may take on various and sometimes complex architectures, such as large beta-barrels or lipid-containing pores. They may originate from bacteria, viruses or intracellular organelles.

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Part 1 book "Basic medical microbiology" includes content: Overview of medical microbiology, introduction to bacteria; aerobic gram positive cocci; aerobic gram positive rods; acid fast bacteria; aerobic gram negative cocci and coccobacilli; aerobic fermentative gram negative rods; aerobic nonfermentative gram negative rods; anaerobic bacteria, spiral shaped bacteria; intracellular bacteria,... and other contents.

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Anaplasma are obligate intracellular bacteria and aetiological agents of tick-borne diseases of both veterinary and medical interest. The genus Anaplasma comprises six species: Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma platys.

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Chlamydia are ancient intracellular pathogens with reduced, though strikingly conserved genome. Despite their parasitic lifestyle and isolated intracellular environment, these bacteria managed to avoid accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to subsequent genome degradation characteristic for many parasitic bacteria.

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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. MTB can produce intracellular magnetic particles, navigate along geomagnetic field, and respond to light. However, the potential mechanism by which MTB respond to illumination and their evolutionary relationship with photosynthetic bacteria remain elusive.

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During infection by intracellular pathogens, a highly complex interplay occurs between the infected cell trying to degrade the invader and the pathogen which actively manipulates the host cell to enable survival and proliferation.

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The genome of Vibrionaceae bacteria, which consists of two circular chromosomes, is replicated in a highly ordered fashion. In fast-growing bacteria, multifork replication results in higher gene copy numbers and increased expression of genes located close to the origin of replication of Chr 1 (ori1).

12p vijeeni2711 30-06-2021 5 1   Download

Pathogenic Rickettsia species belonging to the spotted fever group are arthropod-borne, obligate intracellular bacteria which exhibit preferential tropism for host microvascular endothelium in the mammalian hosts, resulting in disease manifestations attributed primarily to endothelial damage or dysfunction.

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The genus Ehrlichia consists of tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacteria that can cause deadly diseases of medical and agricultural importance. Ehrlichia sp. HF, isolated from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan [also referred to as I. ovatus Ehrlichia (IOE) agent], causes acute fatal infection in laboratory mice that resembles acute fatal human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to global public health. The increase in antibiotic consumption is well evident which accelerates the AMR. The continuous dissemination of ‘multidrug-resistant’ (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria the over-expression of efflux pumps that expels antibiotics which contribute to the increased resistance by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics.

22p nguathienthan5 04-06-2020 12 0   Download

Bacteria which are metabolically active yet unable to be cultured and eradicated by antibiotic treatment are present in the middle ear effusion of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM).

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Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide tick borne disease. In dogs, it is usually caused by Ehrlichia canis, gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacteria. Clinical signs, haemato-biochemical alterations and microscopical examination of blood smears were conducted in 60 different breeds of dogs of either sex presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata between March and June 2019. The majority of dogs were presented with anorexia, pronounced lethargy, high rise of temperature and generalized lymphadenopathy.

5p nguathienthan3 27-02-2020 17 1   Download

Endophytes are the organisms that live within plant tissues and spend at least a half of their life time without causing disease under any circumstances. So, the endophytes are commonly defined as those organisms whose infections are inconspicuous and symptomless in host tissue and internal microbial colonization. Both prokaryote (bacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi) colonize the plant tissues exhibiting a little variation in their colonization mode. The former colonize intracellularly in vascular tissues and the later shows asymptomatic colonization either inter or intracellularly.

12p kethamoi2 15-12-2019 14 0   Download

The increase in prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is currently a serious threat, thus there is a need for new antimicrobial compounds to combat infections caused by these ARB. An antimicrobial-producing bacterium, Burkholderia paludis was recently isolated and was able to produce a type of siderophore with antimicrobial properties, later identified as pyochelin. The chelating ability of pyochelin has been well-characterized but not for its antimicrobial characteristics. It was found that pyochelin had MIC values (MBC values) of 3.13 mg/mL (6.26 mg/mL) and 6.26 mg/mL (25.

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. In this work, we observed genuine bactericidal property of nano-silver as compare to broad spectrum antibiotics against emerging and re-emerging mode. After being exposed to nano-silver, the membrane becomes scattered from their original ordered arrangement based on SEM observation. Moreover, our results also suggested that alternation of zeta potential enhanced membrane permeability, and beyond a critical point, it leads to cell death. The leakages of intracellular constituents were confirmed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS).

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Nitric oxide (NO), the principal endogenous ligand for soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), stimulates that enzyme and accumulation of intracellular cGMP, which mediates many of the (patho) physiological effects of NO. Previous studies demonstrated that 2-substituted adenine nucleotides, including 2-methylthioATP (2MeSATP) and 2-chloroATP (2ClATP), allosterically inhibit guanylate cyclase C, the membrane-bound receptor for the Escherichia coli heatstable enterotoxin in the intestine. The present study examined the effects of 2-substituted adenine nucleotides on crude and purified sGC. ...

8p research12 01-06-2013 35 3   Download

Emerin is a ubiquitously expressed inner nuclear membrane protein of unknown function. Mutations in its gene give rise to X-linked Emery–Drei-fuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD), a neuromuscular condition with an associated life-threatening cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that emerin is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner in human lymphoblastoid cell lines [Ellis et al. (1998) Aberrant intracellular targeting and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of emerin contribute to the EDMD phenotype.J. Cell Sci. 111, 781–792]. ...

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Although the role of arachidonic acid (AA) in the regulation of steroidogenesis is well documented, the mechanism for AArelease isnot clear.Therefore, theaimof this studywas to characterize the role of an acyl-CoA thioesterase (ARTISt) and an acyl-CoA synthetase as members of an alternative pathway in the regulation of the intracellular levels of AA in steroidogenesis. Purified recombinant ARTISt releases AA from arachidonoyl-CoA (AA-CoA) with a Kmof 2lM.

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