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Intravenous route
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Historically, high hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)–related mortality has been, in part, due to lack of effective therapies; however, several systemic therapies have been recently approved for HCC treatment, including regorafenib and ramucirumab. These two treatments utilize different routes of administration (four daily tablets and biweekly intravenous infusions, respectively) and have different risks of adverse events (AEs).
13p
vischultz
20-10-2023
2
1
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Tramadol is an atypical centrally acting analgesic agent available as both oral and parenteral preparations. For patients who are unable to take tramadol orally, the subcutaneous route of administration offers an easy alternative to intravenous or intramuscular routes.
8p
viisaacnewton
26-04-2022
7
1
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Buprenorphine is used for canine postoperative pain management. This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics and evaluate the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine (Simbadol, 1.8 mg/mL) administered by different routes in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
10p
vigandhi
23-02-2022
12
1
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Opioid-induced cough (OIC) is one of the most common complications of opioids during anesthesia induction. This study was designed to assess the incidence of OIC mediated by different intravenous route.
5p
vampires36
30-12-2021
7
0
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The use of intravenous (IV) or topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty has been proven to be effective and safe in total hip arthroplasty. However, which of these two administration routes is better has not been determined. The combined administration of TXA has been used in total knee arthroplasty with satisfactory results.
10p
vitennessee2711
02-02-2021
8
2
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Equine sarcoids are locally invasive, fibroblastic skin tumors and represent the most common skin tumor in equidae worldwide. The study was conducted on 8 clinical cases of equine having problem of sarcoid tumour which included 6 horses and 2 mules. The sarcoid growth was removed by surgical intervention under anaesthesia of xylazine and ketamine at the dose rate of 1mg and 2mg per kg body weight, respectively through intravenous route.
5p
nguathienthan5
04-06-2020
11
1
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The in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 1329, a novel spectinamide antibiotic with anti-tubercular activity, were studied during intravenous administration of an tritium-labeled compound for nine consecutive, 12-hourly doses to rats. Serial blood samples were collected after the first and the eighth dose, and major organs and tissues were collected 1 h after the ninth dose. Urinary and fecal excretion was monitored throughout the dosing period. Radioactivity in the collected samples was assessed by scintillation counting. During the course of treatment, 86.
4p
caothientrangnguyen
09-05-2020
10
1
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AR-42, a new orally bioavailable, potent, hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate class I/IIB histone deacetylase inhibitor currently is under evaluation in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials and has demonstrated activity in both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. This report focuses on the preclinical characterization of the pharmacokinetics of AR-42 in mice and rats.
9p
caothientrangnguyen
09-05-2020
17
2
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Oral antipyretics are commonly used to treat pediatric patients who develop fevers. However, patients presenting to the emergency department or undergoing surgery are frequently unable to tolerate oral antipyretics. Rectal formulations are available; however, this route of administration is unpredictable.
11p
videshiki2711
19-02-2020
10
1
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Marbofloxacin is a third generation quinolone developed exclusively for veterinary use. The disposition kinetic profile of marbofloxacin was generated after a single intravenous bolus injection in male Sahiwal calves (n = 5) at the dose level of 2 mg.kg-1 body weight. Marbofloxacin concentrations in plasma were determined by microbiological assay using Escherichia coli MTCC 443 as the test organism. The plasma concentration–time profile following intravenous administration was best described by a two-compartment open model. The plasma drug concentration ≥ 0.12 μg.ml-1 was detected at 24 h.
8p
chauchaungayxua3
07-02-2020
13
1
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Soft tissues and exudates are best evaluated using contrast medium, therefore the best imaging technique is contrast CT-scan. The soft tissues, spaces and exudates appear radioopaque on contrast CT scans. Moreover, CT scan is cheaper, readily available and has no electromagnetic effects on patients with metallic implants compared to MRI and most patients do not react to the contrast medium (Gadolinium) which is injected into the body via intravenous route before the scan.
92p
wqwqwqwqwq
09-07-2012
59
9
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Hypovolemia: Treatment The therapeutic goals are to restore normovolemia with fluid similar in composition to that lost and to replace ongoing losses. Symptoms and signs, including weight loss, can help estimate the degree of volume contraction and should also be monitored to assess response to treatment. Mild volume contraction can usually be corrected via the oral route. More severe hypovolemia requires intravenous therapy. Isotonic or normal saline (0.
6p
ongxaemnumber1
29-11-2010
74
4
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Clinical Implications of Altered Bioavailability Some drugs undergo near-complete presystemic metabolism and thus cannot be administered orally. Nitroglycerin cannot be used orally because it is completely extracted prior to reaching the systemic circulation. The drug is therefore used by the sublingual or transdermal routes, which bypass presystemic metabolism. Some drugs with very extensive presystemic metabolism can still be administered by the oral route, using much higher doses than those required intravenously.
4p
tubreakdance
26-11-2010
90
6
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Principles of Pharmacokinetics The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion— collectively termed drug disposition—determine the concentration of drug delivered to target effector molecules. Absorption Bioavailability When a drug is administered orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, rectally, sublingually, or directly into desired sites of action, the amount of drug actually entering the systemic circulation may be less than with the intravenous route (Fig. 5-2A ).
8p
tubreakdance
26-11-2010
107
6
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