Laboratory diagnosis

The consequences of tuberculosis on human society are immense. Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries and a significant public health problem worldwide. Active tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacilli in specimens from the respiratory tract (pulmonary TB) or in specimens from other bodily sites (extra pulmonary TB).

5p vifaye 20-09-2024 2 1   Download

Epigenetic defects (gain or loss of DNA methylation) of the human ICR1 11p15 domain result in two opposite foetal growth disorders (BWS and SRS) depending on which parental allele is affected. A few deletions within ICR1 have been reported in familial BWS cases with ICR1 gain of methylation, however the mechanism(s) of the DNA methylation defects at ICR1 remains largely unknown in most BWS and SRS patients.

83p runthenight07 01-03-2023 9 3   Download

Document presentation of content: Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis B, pathogenesis and natural history, laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B, long-term monitoring and screening of chronic hepatitis B, treatment for chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccination, automatic searches, guidelines, further reading, and web sites.

29p vovanvovan2013 13-05-2016 47 1   Download

The project is to transfer a small suite of laboratory technologies to develop a capability in Vietnam for the diagnosis and control of the major disease of pigs, causing financial loss to both large and small scale farmers. The project inputs do not finish at that point, but further include the provision of training to ensure that the benefits to be derived from the enhanced technological capability will be available to farmers. Hence the project spans a number of activities from the laboratory to the farm...

16p tam_xuan 02-03-2012 63 5   Download

Our experience in Vietnam proves that the diagnostic skills of field veterinarians are poor. These skills in some diagnostic laboratories are good; others suffer from inadequate facilities. The objectives are to improve the diagnostic skills of field veterinarians serving regional laboratories by means of a series of interactive workshops using the regional laboratories. In this way, the diagnostic skills at all levels will be improved. The major result will be better diagnosis of animal disease, especially infectious disease.

14p tam_xuan 02-03-2012 58 4   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Diagnosis of tuberculosis: the experience at a specialized diagnostic laboratory

7p panasonic01 12-12-2011 52 3   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Challenges in clinical and laboratory diagnosis of androgen insensitivity syndrome: a case report

6p toshiba24 07-12-2011 61 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Relevance of laboratory testing for the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies: a review of case-based examples of selected immunodeficiencies...

18p coxanh_5 28-10-2011 41 2   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: G-CSF and IL-8 for early diagnosis of sepsis in neonates and critically ill children – safety and cost effectiveness of a new laboratory prediction model: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN91123847]...

8p thulanh17 23-10-2011 51 6   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học ngành y học tạp chí Medical Sciences dành cho các bạn sinh viên ngành y tham khảo đề tài: Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection...

2p thulanh8 06-10-2011 52 5   Download

Một hội nghị tư vấn kỹ thuật đã được Tổ Chức Y Tế Thế Giới (TCYTTG) triệu tập vào các ngày 25-26 tháng 10 năm 2004 để thảo luận về vai trò của xét nghiệm trong điều trị bệnh sốt rét (SR), và báo cáo của hội nghị này đã được công bố năm 2006 trong một tài liệu dầy 40 trang có tựa là “The role of laboratory diagnosis to support malaria disease management – Focus o*n the use of rapid diagnostic tests in areas of high transmission” (WHO/HTM/MAL/2006.1111). Nhằm mục đích phổ biến ý kiến của các...

9p thiuyen8 29-08-2011 101 6   Download

Diagnosis The diagnosis of diphtheria is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation. Respiratory diphtheria should be considered in patients with sore throat, pharyngeal exudates, and fever. Other symptoms may include hoarseness, stridor, or palatal paralysis. The presence of a pseudomembrane should prompt consideration of diphtheria. Once a clinical diagnosis of diphtheria is made, diphtheria antitoxin should be administered as soon as possible. Laboratory diagnosis is based either on cultivation of C. diphtheriae or toxigenic C.

5p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 99 7   Download

Clinical Manifestations Respiratory Diphtheria The clinical diagnosis of diphtheria is based on the constellation of sore throat; adherent tonsillar, pharyngeal, or nasal pseudomembranous lesions; and low-grade fever. In addition, diagnosis requires the isolation of C. diphtheriae or the histopathologic isolation of compatible gram-positive organisms.

5p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 79 5   Download

Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnosis These organisms are non-acid-fast, catalase-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacilli. Their colonial morphologies vary widely; some species are small and α-hemolytic (similar to lactobacilli), whereas others form large white colonies (similar to yeasts). Many nondiphtherial coryneforms require special medium (e.g., Löffler's, Tinsdale's, or telluride medium) for growth. Epidemiology Humans are the natural reservoirs for several nondiphtherial coryneforms, including C. xerosis, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. striatum, C.

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Diagnosis The Duke Criteria The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is established with certainty only when vegetations obtained at cardiac surgery, at autopsy, or from an artery (an embolus) are examined histologically and microbiologically. Nevertheless, a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic schema—known as the Duke criteria—has been developed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings (Table 118-3). Documentation of two major criteria, of one major and three minor criteria, or of five minor criteria allows a clinical diagnosis of definite endocarditis.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 66 3   Download

The microbiology laboratory must be an ally in the diagnostic endeavor. Astute laboratory personnel will suggest optimal culture and transport conditions or alternative tests to facilitate diagnosis. If informed about specific potential pathogens, an alert laboratory staff will allow sufficient time for these organisms to become evident in culture, even when the organisms are present in small numbers or are slow-growing.

9p thanhongan 07-12-2010 76 5   Download

Differential Diagnosis The differential diagnosis between DIC and severe liver disease is challenging and requires serial measurements of the laboratory parameters of DIC. Patients with severe liver disease are at risk for bleeding and manifest laboratory features including thrombocytopenia (due to platelet sequestration, portal hypertension, or hypersplenism), decreased synthesis of coagulation factors and natural anticoagulants, and elevated levels of FDP due to reduced hepatic clearance. However, in contrast to DIC, these laboratory parameters in liver disease do not change rapidly.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 133 3   Download

The clinical diagnosis of inhibitor is suspected when patients do not respond to factor replacement at therapeutic doses. Inhibitors increase both morbidity and mortality in hemophilia. Because early detection of an inhibitor is critical to a successful correction of the bleeding or to eradication of the antibody, most hemophilia centers perform annual screening for inhibitors. The laboratory test required to confirm the presence of an inhibitor is an aPTT mixed with normal plasma. In most hemophilia patients, a 1:1 mix with normal plasma completely corrects the aPTT.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 61 4   Download

Laboratory Testing for HIT HIT (antiheparin/PF4) antibodies can be detected using two types of assays. The most widely available is an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) with PF4/polyanion complex as the antigen. Since many patients develop antibodies but do not develop clinical HIT, the test has a low specificity for the diagnosis of HIT. This is especially true in patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, where approximately 50% of patients develop these antibodies postoperatively.

5p thanhongan 07-12-2010 78 3   Download

Pure Red Cell Aplasia: Treatment History, physical examination, and routine laboratory studies may disclose an underlying disease or a suspect drug exposure. Thymoma should be sought by radiographic procedures. Tumor excision is indicated, but anemia does not necessarily improve with surgery. The diagnosis of parvovirus infection requires detection of viral DNA sequences in the blood (IgG and IgM antibodies are commonly absent). The presence of erythroid colonies has been considered predictive of response to immunosuppressive therapy in idiopathic PRCA.

8p thanhongan 07-12-2010 57 6   Download