Linguistic essentials

Ebook "Foundations of statistical natural language processing" includes content: Lexical acquisition, introduction, mathematical foundations, linguistic essentials, corpus based work, collocations, statistical inference - n gram models over sparse data, word sense disambiguation,.... and other contents.

704p haojiubujain07 20-09-2023 6 2   Download

The study stands on the standpoint that there exist close and essential relationships between real-world structures and their information provided to human beings in reality. The study gives a survey to summarize specific distinguishing fundamental features of HA-formalism, its applicability in problem-solving, and its performance and advantages.

40p vimulcahy 18-09-2023 7 4   Download

Achieving success in a new culture does not, however, lie solely in learning the grammar and lexicon of the language. Ability to negotiate cultural barriers and develop new ways of learning are also essential. Teachers need to be familiar with the socio-cultural sources of the problems encountered by overseas students writing in a foreign language, including differences in rhetorical styles (Cai, 1993).

252p commentcmnr 03-06-2013 189 111   Download

With the availability of large treebanks, retrieval techniques for highly structured data now become essential. In this contribution, we investigate the efficient retrieval of MT structures at the cost of a complex index--the Treegram Index. We illustrate our approach with the VENONA retrieval system, which handles the BH t (Biblia Hebraica transeripta) treebank comprising 508,650 phrase structure trees with maximum degree eight and maximum height 17, containing altogether 3.3 million Old-Hebrew words.

2p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 60 4   Download

Style in language is more than just surface appeaxance, on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the writer. A computational theory of style could be of great use in many computational linguistics applications. A system that is 'stylistically aware' could analyze the writer's stylistic intent and understand the complex interaction of choices that produce a certain effect. In applications such as machine translation, a computational theory of stylistics would allow the preservation or modification of stylistic effects across languages.

3p bunmoc_1 20-04-2013 40 2   Download

We present work on the automatic generation of short indicative-informative abstracts of scientific and technical articles. The indicative part of the abstract identifies the topics of the document while the informative part of the abstract elaborate some topics according to the reader's interest by motivating the topics, describing entities and defining concepts. We have defined our method of automatic abstracting by studying a corpus professional abstracts. The method also considers the reader's interest as essential in the process of abstracting. ...

6p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 77 5   Download

This paper describes an approach to identifying the syntactic role of an antecedent in a Korean relative clause, which is essential to structural disambiguation and semantic analysis. In a learning phase, linguistic knowledge such as conceptual co-occurrence patterns and syntactic role distribution of antecedents is extracted from a large-scale corpus. Then, in an application phase, the extracted knowledge is applied in determining the correct syntactic role of an antecedent in relative clauses.

7p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 43 2   Download

A lexicon is an essential component in a generation system but few efforts have been made to build a rich, large-scale lexicon and make it reusable for different generation applications. In this paper, we describe our work to build such a lexicon by combining multiple, heterogeneous linguistic resources which have been developed for other purposes. Novel transformation and integration of resources is required to reuse them for generation.

7p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 35 2   Download

This paper presents a status quo of an ongoing research study of collocations – an essential linguistic phenomenon having a wide spectrum of applications in the field of natural language processing. The core of the work is an empirical evaluation of a comprehensive list of automatic collocation extraction methods using precision-recall measures and a proposal of a new approach integrating multiple basic methods and statistical classification.

6p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 54 2   Download

Consistency of corpus annotation is an essential property for the many uses of annotated corpora in computational and theoretical linguistics. While some research addresses the detection of inconsistencies in positional annotation (e.g., partof-speech) and continuous structural annotation (e.g., syntactic constituency), no approach has yet been developed for automatically detecting annotation errors in discontinuous structural annotation.

8p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 39 3   Download

Automatic phrasing is essential to Mandarin textto-speech synthesis. We select word format as target linguistic feature and propose an HMMbased approach to this issue. Then we define four states of prosodic positions for each word when employing a discrete hidden Markov model. The approach achieves high accuracy of roughly 82%, which is very close to that from manual labeling. Our experimental results also demonstrate that this approach has advantages over those part-ofspeech-based ones.

6p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 44 2   Download

The identification of different nominal phrases in a discourse as used to refer to the same (discourse) entity is essential for achieving robust natural language understanding (NLU). The importance of this task is directly amplified by the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) currently moving towards high-level linguistic tasks requiring NLU capabilities such as e.g. recognizing textual entailment. This tutorial aims at providing the NLP community with a gentle introduction to the task of coreference resolution from both a theoretical and an application-oriented perspective. ...

1p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 55 3   Download

Linguistically annotated treebanks play an essential part in the modern computational linguistics. The more complex the treebanks become, the more sophisticated tools are required for using them, namely for searching in the data. We study linguistic phenomena annotated in the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0 and create a list of requirements these phenomena set on a search tool, especially on its query language.

9p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 52 4   Download

The analysis of reading times can provide insights into the processes that underlie language comprehension, with longer reading times indicating greater cognitive load. There is evidence that the language processor is highly predictive, such that prior context allows upcoming linguistic material to be anticipated. Previous work has investigated the contributions of semantic and syntactic contexts in isolation, essentially treating them as independent factors.

11p hongdo_1 12-04-2013 38 2   Download

In this paper, we propose innovative representations for automatic classification of verbs according to mainstream linguistic theories, namely VerbNet and FrameNet. First, syntactic and semantic structures capturing essential lexical and syntactic properties of verbs are defined. Then, we design advanced similarity functions between such structures, i.e., semantic tree kernel functions, for exploiting distributional and grammatical information in Support Vector Machines.

10p nghetay_1 07-04-2013 52 1   Download

Testing ESL Pragmatics Development and Validation of a Web-Based Assessment Battery Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, 2005. XIII, 156 pp., 43 tables, 8 graphs ISBN 3-631-52836-1 / US-ISBN 0-8204-7343-X · pb. € 39.– Although second language learners’ pragmatic competence (their ability to use language in context) is an essential part of their general communicative competence, it has not been a part of second language tests. This book helps fill this gap by describing the development and validation of a web-based test of ESL pragma-linguistics.

2p agenes 07-04-2013 90 10   Download

During the initial contact with a patient it is important to provide essential information regarding TB. Care should be taken not to overwhelm the patient. It is important to establish a level of comfort with the patient so that he or she feels comfortable enough to ask questions. Continually asking the patient questions during the initial discussion, to ensure the information is being understood correctly, can help in this process. More detailed information can be provided by the health care worker during subsequent visits with the patient. ...

192p chiecxedien 02-01-2013 51 4   Download

“Action research” is a research type of great practical value and high frequency of usage in language teaching. An insightful look into the nature and sequence of investigation in this approach is essential for teachers and research workers.

4p tuanlocmuido 14-12-2012 71 4   Download

A major limitation to available data is that the optimum levels of control for particular patients are not identified as there are individual differences in the risks of hypo- glycemia, weight gain, and other adverse effects. Furthe with multifactorial interventions, it is unclear how differ ent components (e.g., educational interventions, glycem targets, food selection, lifestyle changes, and medication contribute to the reduction of complications. The level o evidence for a given guideline should be considered wh individualizing targets.

139p quygia123 06-11-2012 45 2   Download

What are the compelling reasons for carrying out dynamic speech modeling? We provide the answer in two related aspects. First, scientific inquiry into the human speech code has been relentlessly pursued for several decades. As an essential carrier of human intelligence and knowledge, speech is the most natural form of human communication. Embedded in the speech code are linguistic (as well as para-linguistic) messages, which are conveyed through four levels of the speech chain.

118p beobobeo 01-08-2012 74 6   Download