Liquidity constraints

Ebook "Isotope geochemistry" presents a comprehensive introduction to radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. The first five chapters cover fundamentals including the physics of nuclei, radioactive decay, nucleosynthesis, geochronology, and the theory of stable isotope fractionation. The next chapter focuses on the isotope geochemistry of meteorites and their constraints on the formation of the solar system and the Earth.

495p nhanphanguyet 28-01-2024 5 2   Download

Our research aims at investigating by what means do firms decide debt maturity (DM) structure in Vietnamese context involving certain levels of financial constraints. It is found that, with stronger financial profiles, unconstrained firms are more likely to endure the effects of liquidity risk and information asymmetry, whereas those constrained seem to be subjected to various consequences resulting from these frictions.

11p sotritu 18-09-2021 24 3   Download

The present investigation was carried out in four districts of Chhattisgarh state to assess the challenges and constraints faced by Maitris in delivering the livestock veterinary services in the rural areas. Most of the Maitris stated that people do not pay properly for their services (74%), people expect to provide service as like veterinary officers of the department (91%), remuneration paid by government for their service is not satisfactory (95%), and not earning enough from the profession (60%).

5p kethamoi5 03-06-2020 15 0   Download

This paper conducts an empirical research on the relations between liquidity constraints and economic growth. Based on Kiyotaki & Moore (2019), we establish our econometric model and do regressions with a panel data covering 33 countries from 1996 to 2017.

12p cothumenhmong4 24-03-2020 34 2   Download

This study aims to model lenders’ haircut decision specifically for stocks. The mathematical model showed that lenders face a trade-off between profit and risk exposure in a secured loan; consequently, haircuts are determined in the solvency as a stochastic variable. It was assumed coherently to industry practice that lenders use parametric VaR for collateral valuation. In this model, lenders’ probability selection in the VaR approach indicates their risk tolerance, which was captured through to asset liquidity and market volatility expectations.

28p trinhthamhodang2 19-01-2020 26 1   Download

This paper studies the effects of market liquidity and other factors on investment of non-financial companies listed on Vietnam's stock exchange for the 2008–2013 period by adopting different measures of investment and liquidity, and considering the impact of interaction between liquidity and others, including issuing, financial constraints, and growth opportunities, on firm investment.

17p danhnguyentuongvi27 18-12-2018 17 2   Download

As seen above, the leasing sector is new but growing and leases are written for three-to-five year terms. The banking sector is consolidating, assets are growing, deposits are on the increase, and the sector is liquid. However, the banks perceive the rewards of short-term lending utilizing highly liquid assets and long-term loans utilizing real estate as collateral are greater than the risks of long-term lending to the agriculture or industrial sectors secured by equipment.

16p loginnhanh 22-04-2013 41 4   Download

Investor base: about 70 percent of private bonds were purchased by banks in 2011. Their participation has increased further recently partly because they have faced constraints in expanding consumer loans given increased risk and higher cost in the sector, and therefore have sought alternative higher-yield investment instruments. Liquidity in the secondary market is very limited as many banks tend to hold private bonds until maturity. Retail investors’ participation remains low (see Figure 11). ...

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Society relies on well-functioning capital markets to promote economic progress in businesses and households. To that goal, academics argue that capital markets should provide for price discovery and liquidity, where the best way to find out what an asset is worth is to attempt to sell it. As long as there are a large number of market participants, bidding among them leads to price discovery, and an asset is sold quickly resulting in liquidity. Moreover, in a well functioning market the price should be close to its intrinsic value.

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The purpose of this book is to offer a unifying conceptual framework for the normative study of taxation and related subjects in public eco- nomics. Such a framework necessarily begins with a statement of the social objective, taken here to be the maximization of a conventional social welfare function, and then asks how various government instru- ments are best orchestrated to achieve it. The structure is built on the foundation provided by the fundamental theorems of welfare econom- ics.

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From a banking group’s perspective, a range of factors play a role in the choice of branching versus subsidiarization, including banks’ business focus and differences in regulatory and tax regimes across jurisdictions. Banks with significant wholesale operations tend to prefer a more centralized branch model that provides the flexibility to manage liquidity and credit risks globally and serve the needs of large clients. The funding costs for the wholesale group are likely to be lower under the branch structure, given the flexibility to move funds to where they are most needed.

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Margin Loans. A national bank may use an alternative approach to calculate its capital requirement for certain eligible bank margin loans to customers for the purpose of buying or carrying margin stock.

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PDi and LDi are aimed at testing the incidence of adverse selection: whether firms in poor financial health and/or facing liquidity constraints are more likely to seek and get access to bank credit. In the case of the liquidity dummy there is no ambiguity about the causality and the interpretation of the results in terms of adverse selection. However, in the case of the profitability dummy, again we cannot fully eliminate the endogeneity problem because – as mentioned before – firm’s profit/loss position may affect also bank’s decision to extend the loan.

49p enterroi 01-02-2013 60 9   Download

Why was it a mistake for the Fed to flood the system with so much liquidity that short- term interest rates were driven toward zero? In line with textbook economic theory, the Fed focused mainly on the shortfall in aggregate demand rather than on the underlying supply constraint on credit availability. However, starting from a position where interest rates are already very low, say 2 percent as in early 2008, reducing them to zero has only a second-order effect on expanding aggregate demand.

23p taisaocothedung 09-01-2013 47 3   Download

Chemical oxidation technologies are predominantly used to address contaminants in the source area saturated zone and capillary fringe. Cost concerns can preclude the use of chemical oxidation technologies to address large and dilute petroleum contaminant plumes. More frequently, chemical oxidation technologies are employed to treat smaller source areas where the petroleum mass is more concentrated.

477p cao_can 29-12-2012 51 11   Download

We show that the main testable implication of the buffer stock model is that the covariance between the wealth gap (the difference between actual and target wealth) and consumption is (strongly) positive. Although we focus on Carroll’s version of the buffer stock model, the test applies equally well to Deaton’s case. In Carroll, buffer stock behavior emerges from the tension between impatience, prudence, and the chance of zero earnings. Impatient individuals would like to anticipate consumption, but the chance of zero future earnings generates a demand for wealth.

254p bocapchetnguoi 05-12-2012 55 4   Download

Although research on limits to arbitrage is far from played out, it is fair to say that a broad consensus is emerging with respect to the key ideas and modeling ingredients. This should not be too surprising, given that the relevant tools all come from neoclassical microeconomics: arbitrageurs can be modeled as fully rational, with no need to appeal to any behavioral or psychological biases.

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The 2009 OECD Working Paper „Pension Fund Investment in Infrastructure‟ (Inderst 2009) discusses barriers to pension funds‟ investment in infrastructure projects in general – which can be seen to apply also to green investments.

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CHAPTER 56 NUCLEAR POWER William Kerr Department of Nuclear Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 56.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 56.1.1 The Birth of Nuclear Energy 56.1.2 Military Propulsion Units 56.1.3 Early Enthusiasm for Nuclear Power 56.1.4 U.S. Development of Nuclear Power CURRENT POWER REACTORS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS 56.2. 1 Light- Water-Moderated Enriched-Uranium-Fueled Reactor 56.2.2 Gas-Cooled Reactor 56.2.3 Heavy-Water-Moderated Natural-Uranium-Fueled Reactor 56.2.4 Liquid-Metal-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor 56.2.

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