Lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States with 170,000 deaths per year. This exceeds the sum of the next three leading causes of death due to cancer: breast, colon, and prostate. There are over 1 million deaths worldwide due to lung cancer, making it truly an epidemic. Fewer than 15% achieve a 5-yr survival. The vast majority (85%) present with advanced disease, although stage I patients may have a 5-yr survival approaching 70% (1).

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Carcinoma of the lung is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women. Prognosis correlates strongly with stage of disease at presentation and to some degree with the histological subtype of the tumor. Histological classifications of lung cancer were somewhat arbitrary and a matter of convenience. However, multiple lines of differentiation are often found within a single tumor, if it is sufficiently sampled.

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Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the U.S. (1). Although tobacco smoking is accepted as the number one cause of this devastating disease, our understanding of the acquired genetic changes leading to lung cancer is still rudimentary. Lung cancer is classifi ed into two major clinic-pathological groups, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (2). Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are the major histologic types of NSCLC....

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In this book dealing with the lung health, the authors focus on various fields, spreading from pulmonary oncogenesis, to inflammatory and parasitic lung diseases. The first section deals with the fundamental research on lung cancer that is mandatory for the development of novel and early biomarkers for diagnosis of the lung cancer. This development could be enhanced using experimental models despite the species barrier. Mouse models can help us understand the sequence of events involved in human lung neoplasia and their underlying molecular mechanisms....

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Ung thư phổi rất đáng sợ, là nguyên nhân gây tử vong hàng đầu trong các bệnh ung thư trên toàn thế giới, cho cả đàn ông lẫn phụ nữ. Căn bệnh gây khoảng 1,2 triệu cái chết mỗi năm. Trong vòng 25 năm qua, số người chết vì ung thư phổi mỗi năm mỗi tăng. Riêng tại Mỹ, trong năm 2007, có 215.000 trường hợp ung thư phổi mới, và 162.000 người mất mạng vì nó. Số trường hợp ung thư phổi ngày càng tăng, nhất là ở phụ nữ, vì dân số ngày càng đông, và chúng ta...

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Bài giảng Ung thư phổi lung cancer trình bày nguyên nhân gây ung thư phổi, cách phát hiện ung thư phổi, tổn thương giải phẫu bệnh, di căn ung thư phổi. Đây là tài liệu học tập và tham khảo dành cho sinh viên ngành Y.

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Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 85. Neoplasms of the Lung The Magnitude of the Problem In 2007, primary carcinoma of the lung affected 114,760 males and 98,620 females in the United States; 86% die within 5 years of diagnosis, making it the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. The incidence of lung cancer peaks between ages 55 and 65 years. Lung cancer accounts for 29% of all cancer deaths (31% in men, 26% in women). Lung cancer is responsible for more deaths in the United States each year than breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer combined;...

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Further Readings Black C et al: Population screening for lung cancer using computed tomography: Is there evidence of clinical effectiveness? A systematic review of the literature. Thorax 62:131, 2007 [PMID: 17287305] Eberhardt W et al: Chemoradiation paradigm for the treatment of lung cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3:188, 2006 [PMID: 16596143] Hayes DN et al: Gene expression profiling reveals reproducible human lung adenocarcinoma subtypes in multiple independent patient cohorts.

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In developed countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death exceeded only by cardiovascular diseases. There are more than 100 types of cancers that can inflict any part of the body. In 2005, 7.6 million people died of cancer, which constitutes 13% of the 58 million deaths worldwide. Approximately, 1.3 million people are diagnosed each year with cancer in the United States, and ~ 1500 of them die every day.

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Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer Pretreatment staging for patients with SCLC includes the initial general lung cancer evaluation with chest and abdominal CT scans (because of the high frequency of hepatic and adrenal involvement) as well as fiberoptic bronchoscopy with washings and biopsies to determine the tumor extent before therapy; brain CT scan (10% of patients have metastases); and radionuclide scans (bone) if symptoms or other findings suggest disease involvement in these areas.

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Comparison of KRAS and EGFR gene status between primary non-small cell lung cancer and local lymph node metastases: implications for clinical practice

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Inherited Predisposition to Lung Cancer While an inherited predisposition to develop lung cancer is not common, several features suggest a potential for familial association. People with inherited mutations in RB (patients with retinoblastomas living to adulthood) and p53 (LiFraumeni syndrome) genes may develop lung cancer. First-degree relatives of lung cancer probands have a two- to threefold excess risk of lung cancer or other cancers, many of which are not smoking-related.

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Clinical Manifestations Lung cancer gives rise to signs and symptoms caused by local tumor growth, invasion or obstruction of adjacent structures, growth in regional nodes through lymphatic spread, growth in distant metastatic sites after hematogenous dissemination, and remote effects of tumor products (paraneoplastic syndromes) (Chaps. 96 and 97). Although 5–15% of patients with lung cancer are identified while they are asymptomatic, usually as a result of a routine chest radiograph or through the use of screening CT scans, most patients present with some sign or symptom.

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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer NSCLC Stages I and II Surgery In patients with NSCLC stages IA, IB, IIA and IIB (Table 85-2) who can tolerate operation, the treatment of choice is pulmonary resection. If a complete resection is possible, the 5-year survival rate for N0 disease is about 60–80%, depending on the size of the tumor. The 5-year survival drops to about 50% when N1 (hilar node involvement) disease is present. The extent of resection is a matter of surgical judgment based on findings at exploration.

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Superior Sulcus or Pancoast Tumors Non-small cell carcinomas of the superior pulmonary sulcus producing Pancoast's syndrome appear to behave differently than lung cancers at other sites and are usually treated with combined radiotherapy and surgery. Patients with these carcinomas should have the usual preoperative staging procedures, including mediastinoscopy and CT and PET scans, to determine tumor extent and a neurologic examination (and sometimes nerve conduction studies) to document involvement or impingement of nerves in the region.

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Major treatment decisions are made on the basis of whether a tumor is classified as a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) or as one of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varieties (squamous, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and mixed versions of these).

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Clinical expert guidelines for the management of cough in lung cancer: report of a UK task group on cough...

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Aurora Kinase A expression is associated with lung cancer histological-subtypes and with tumor de-differentiation

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí hóa học quốc tế đề tài : Health state utilities for non small cell lung cancer

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Elevated expression of CDK4 in lung cancer

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