Mạng utms
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Trong thực tế việc bình sai tính toán mạng lưới trắc địa được thực hiện hoàn toàn trên bề mặt Elipsoid sau đó để có thể sử dụng trong trắc địa công trình, chúng được tính chuyển về tọa độ địa diện chân trời hoặc về tọa độ vuông góc UTM. Việc khảo sát sự khác biệt giữa hệ tọa độ địa diện chân trời và hệ tọa độ vuông góc phẳng UTM trong trắc địa công trình là một vấn đề cần lưu ý ...
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mualan_mualan
27-02-2013
127
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TOWARDS IP BASED NETWORKS BACKGROUND In the preceding chapters we covered UMTS in the context of the 3GPP Release 99 specifications. This chapter covers the forthcoming releases of UMTS, primarily Release 4 and 5 formerly Release 00. However, before we describe the reference architecture we outline the vision of the UMTS technical specification evolution from Ref. [1].
34p doroxon
12-08-2010
110
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RESOURCE AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION Operating a 3G network involves managing resources and Network Elements (NE). This chapter covers these two aspects to complete the deployment issues started in Chapter 7. Resources here refer primarily to the radio resources and NE refers to the 3G building blocks, i.e. elements in the CS, PS and radio access networks.
15p doroxon
12-08-2010
107
13
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Logically deploying 3G networks implies dimensioning and implementing corresponding elements within a geographical area, where an operator would desire to offer advanced mobile communications services, e.g. voice, mobile Internet, video-telephony, etc. In the preceding chapters we have outlined the service requirements and technical specifications of the UMTS solution. In this chapter we aim to describe the application of the proposed solutions and go through the process of designing a network to provide UMTS services. ...
53p doroxon
12-08-2010
105
14
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SERVICE COMPONENTS IN UMTS BACKGROUND UMTS services will not only offer mobile services supported by 2nd generation systems such as GSM, but will also expand these services to higher rates and greater flexibility. The services evolving in the GSM platform through its Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS) services will continue in UMTS while new services are introduced.
16p doroxon
12-08-2010
103
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THE UTRA1 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM UMTS SPECTRUM ALLOCATION The UMTS frequency ranges are part of the world wide spectrum allocation for 3rd or evolving 2nd generation systems. Figure 5.1 illustrates the representation of the spectrum from major regions (e.g. Europe, Japan, Korea, and USA).
0p doroxon
12-08-2010
86
9
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THE UTRA PHYSICAL LAYER DESIGN The UTRA design is comprised basically of three parts, i.e. radio aspects corresponding primarily to the physical layer, radio interface aspects incorporating layers two and three, and network aspects inter-working directly with the core network. This chapter describes the UTRA physical layer including both FDD and TDD modes, as well as spreading and modulation, multiplexing and channel coding, and physical layer procedures.
0p doroxon
12-08-2010
91
11
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THE UMTS DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE AND DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS The architecture at the domain and functional levels, as well as the deployment scenarios are presented based on the 3GPP (ETSI) specifications noted in [1,2]. The terminology and basic principles are kept for consistency with a simplified approach in some cases, and for a pragmatic representation of the subject in others.
44p doroxon
12-08-2010
116
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTALS FUNDAMENTALS OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS Third generation systems focus on providing a universal platform to afford multifarious communications options at all levels, i.e. the radio as well as the core network sides. This implies the application of optimum techniques in multiple access and interworking protocols for the physical and upper layers, respectively.
28p doroxon
12-08-2010
105
12
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EVOLVING MOBILE NETWORKS While the history of mobile communications is long [1–3], and the background of mo bile networks therebyx is also long, in this chapter we focus on the historic evolution in terms of network architecture and services starting with 2nd generation (2G) mobile systems. In particular we consider the development of the architecture of Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM), since it is by far the most widespread mobile system in the world today.
12p doroxon
12-08-2010
130
19
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