Material grading

Part 2 of ebook "Timber: Structure, properties, conversion and use" provides readers with contents including: processing of timber - how to cut it up, dry and grade it; log conversion; seasoning of wood; machining of wood and board materials; timber grading and grade stresses; utilisation of timber - how, why and where is it used;...

173p mothoiphong 28-06-2024 2 1   Download

This study demonstrates correlations between element diffusion behavior and notch-point formation in ACIGS films, which ultimately influence the resulting current circuit voltage and fill factor. Our findings delineate a novel approach for fabricating a suitably tailored band gap grading in ACIGS, which serves as a bottom subcell in tandem configuration.

10p visergeyne 18-06-2024 0 0   Download

The buckling and post-buckling of magneto-electric-elastic (MEE) sandwich plate are presented. The core layer consists of epoxy matrix reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metalmaterial in which the volume fraction of graphene origami is assumed to vary the thickness direction in three different distributions.

12p viambani 18-06-2024 2 1   Download

In this paper, the free vibration of a bi-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) nanobeams is investigated by the finite element method. Nanobeams are made of two kinds of porous materials. The material properties of 2D-FG nanobeams are assumed to vary in both axial and thickness directions according to a power law . Based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory, the governing equations of motion are derived.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 0 0   Download

The linear buckling behavior of functionally graded toroidal shell segments with corrugated core under axial compression using the first-order shear deformation theory is presented in this paper. The homogeneous technique is applied for shear deformable corrugated core. Approximate analytical solutions are assumed to satisfy the simply supported boundary conditions and the adjacent equilibrium criterion is applied to obtain closed-form relations of buckling loads.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 1 0   Download

The authors propose a novel BCMO-DNN algorithm for vibration optimization of functionally graded porous microplates. The theory is based on a unified framework of higher-order shear deformation theory and modified strain gradient theory. A hybrid combination of deep learning neural network and balancing composite motion optimization is developed to solve the optimization problems and predict stochastic vibration behaviors of functionally graded porous microplates with uncertainties of material properties.

12p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 3 0   Download

This work focuses on the free vibration of the functionally graded porous (FGP) sandwich microplates using the isogeometric approach (IGA). The FGP sandwich plate comprises the homogeneous core and the FG porous face sheets. The material properties of the FGP face sheets are supposed to vary through the thickness direction according to the power-law function and modified rule of a mixture of the volume fraction with three different types of porosity distribution: homogeneous porous, X porous and V porous distributions.

11p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 2 0   Download

The article "Static behavior of FGP half-annular nanoplates resting on elastic foundation using nonlocal elasticity theory" presents an algorithm finite element for static bending analysis of the functionally graded porous (FGP) half-annular nanoplate resting on the elastic foundation (EF) using nonlocal elasticity theory. The FGP materials with two-parameter are the volume fraction index (k) and the porosity volume fraction (5) in two cases of even and uneven porosity. The EF includes Winkler-stiffness (k₁) and Pasternak- stiffness (k₂).

9p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 5 0   Download

The paper "Nonlinear vibration of functionally graded porous micro-beams resting on elastic foundation" presents the analysis of nonlinear vibration of functionally graded porous (FGP) micro-beams resting on an elastic foundation. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT) and the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) are considered to establish the equations of motion of the micro-beam. The material properties of the micro-beam are assumed to be changed continuously along thickness direction according to simple power-law distribution.

9p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 1 0   Download

Large deflections of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) sandwich beams are studied in this paper by a nonlinear finite element procedure. The core of the beams is homogeneous while the two faces are of CNTRC material. The effective properties of the two CNTRC face sheets are determined by an extended rule of mixture. CNTs are reinforced into matrix phase through uniform distribution (UD) or four different types of functionally graded (FG) distribution, named as FG-X, FG-A, FG-V, FG-O.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 0 0   Download

In the paper "Thermal buckling of P-FGM sandwich beam with porous core on elastic foundation", a coupled effect of thermal and electrical loadings on the thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich beam resting on Pasternak foundation is investigated. The symmetric multi-layered beam consists of a foam core, two middle FGM layers, and two outer piezoelectric layers. It is assumed that the beam is subjected to a constant voltage and a uniform/linear temperature rise.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 1 0   Download

Bài báo "Phân tích phi tuyến đáp ứng động của tấm bằng vật liệu FGM rỗng đặt trên nền đàn hồi" trình bày đáp ứng động lực học phi tuyến của tấm bằng vật liệu rỗng (FGP-functionally graded porous materials) đặt trên nền đàn hồi Pasternak. Hệ phương trình động lực học phi tuyến được thiết lập trên cơ sở lý thuyết biến dạng cắt bậc nhất có kể đến tính phi tuyến hình học von-Kárman. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 0 0   Download

In study "Effects of different beam theories on dynamic response of BFGSW beams under a moving mass" effects of different beam theories on dynamic response of bidirectional functionally graded sandwich (BFGSW) beams under a moving mass are investigated in this paper. The core of the beams is homogeneous while their two faces are of three-phase bidirectional functionally graded material.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 2 0   Download

The paper "Forced vibration of FG-CNTRC sandwich beams excited by a moving mass" investigates forced vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) sandwich beams excited by a moving mass. The core of the beams is homogeneous while the two faces are of CNTRC material. The effective properties of two CNTRC face sheets are determined by an extended rule of mixture.

10p dathienlang1012 03-05-2024 0 0   Download

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear buckling and postbuckling of eccentrically stiffened sandwich functionally graded porous (FGP) cylindrical shells surrounded by elastic foundations in thermal environments and under torsional load by analytical approach in terms of the displacement components.

13p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 4 1   Download

This paper presents a method for establishing the exact receptance function of a tapered axially functionally graded (AFG) beam with nonlinear ratios of properties using the Adomian method. In current papers, the Adomian method was applied for linearly tapered beams where the geometric series was used conveniently.

22p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 3 2   Download

In this work, the free vibration analysis of Timoshenko microbeams made of the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) on the Winkler–Paternak elastic foundation based on the Modified Coupled Stress Theory (MCST) is investigated. Material characteristics of the beam vary throughout the thickness according to the power distribution and are estimated though Mori–Tanaka, Hashin–Shtrikman and Voigt homogenization techniques.

13p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 7 2   Download

This paper presents the integrated, multiobjective, multi-product, multi-echelon environment optimization model for steel distribution network. Model formulated covers retail supply chain processes applicable for steel products starting from production of different grades of material, its transfer to company warehouse, then to distributor warehouse cum service centre and finally to retailer

10p longtimenosee10 26-04-2024 3 1   Download

This paper presents a finite element model for dynamic analysis of axial functionally graded (AFG) microbeams subjected to a moving mass. The material properties of the microbeams are considered to vary in the axial direction by a power-law function, and they are evaluated by Mori-Tanaka scheme.

12p viohoyo 25-04-2024 2 2   Download

In the design of engineering structures, concrete is assumed to have homogeneously mechanical properties. However, in reality, the concrete material is usually not uniform with respect to the height of structures because segregation mostly occurs during construction. The higher density is presented at, the lower part of the structure due to a higher proportion of aggregate and vice versa.

7p vibego 02-02-2024 6 1   Download